Vigintiviri (Nova Roma)

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They serve as the administrative court and constitutional court of Nova Roma. They conduct proceedings and trials about complaints against administrative measures, disputes within the administration, debates between administrative officers, disputes about constitutional law, and the interpretation of law. They also serve as the default administrative law court for controversies about forum moderation issues of any official public forum of Nova Roma. They can also act as an appeals court in certain cases defined by law.
 
They serve as the administrative court and constitutional court of Nova Roma. They conduct proceedings and trials about complaints against administrative measures, disputes within the administration, debates between administrative officers, disputes about constitutional law, and the interpretation of law. They also serve as the default administrative law court for controversies about forum moderation issues of any official public forum of Nova Roma. They can also act as an appeals court in certain cases defined by law.
  
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They also play a key roll in assisting the [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|praetor]], and to be members of the [[Album Decuriarum Apparitoriarum (Nova Roma)|Officium Praetorium]]:
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[[Decemvir stlitibus iudicandis (Nova Roma)|Read more...]]
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:1. By serving as judges in the tribunal of the praetor: If the number of ''[[Album iudicum (Nova Roma)|iudices]]'' could not be completed from volunteers in a tribunal when it is being appointed according to the [[Lex Salvia iudiciaria (Nova Roma)|''lex Salvia iudiciaria'']], the praetors can order the ''decemviri'' to fill the missing places who may not refuse this order. A ''decemvir stlitibus iudicandis'', regardless of their social status, may be selected as ''iudex'', and may serve in the tribunal among the ''[[Equestrian order (Nova Roma)|equites]]'', ''[[Equestrian order (Nova Roma)|tribuni aerarii]]'' ''[[Equestrian order (Nova Roma)|equestres]]'' and [[List of current senators|''senatores'']].
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:2. By serving as substituting magistrates for the praetors in judicial proceedings, only on a case by case basis, if the praetors decide so in an [[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)|''edictum'']]: A praetor can delegate a judicial case to the collegium of the ''decemviri'', and the ''decemviri'' shall collectively conduct the trial, filling the role of praetor in the [[Lex Salvia iudiciaria (Nova Roma)|''lex Salvia iudiciaria'']]. In such cases the praetor must designate a ''decemvir'' as the responsible chairman for the decemviral panel who is the primary co-president of the panel and who can be called to account about any failures in the procedure.
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The ''decemviri'' may employ apparitors from among the existing ones, based on mutual agreement between ''decemvir'', or the collective collegium of the ''decemviri'', as assistants in administratation and other similar tasks, as they shall see fit. This assignment of an apparitor to a ''decemvir'', or the ''decemviratus'', shall be made by an [[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)|''edictum'']] of the [[Praefectus rei publicae administrandae (Nova Roma)|''praefectus rei publicae administrandae'']] (who shall have the ''ius edicendi'') at the order of the ''decemvir'', or in absence of such ''praefectus'', or by any officer with the ''ius edicendi'' at their discretion.
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They hold the following honors and powers:
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:A. Lower ''[[potestas]]'', incomplete ''iurisdictio'' (the right to interpret and administer the law and to administer justice, limited to cases within their duties as defined by law), incomplete ''ius coercitionis'' limited to be used within their duties, the ''ius intercessionis'' and the ''ius edicendi'', all of which rights and powers are restricted only to be exercised within their scope of authority, that is, to administer justice and serve in judicial procedures, or to administer any additional tasks assigned to them by law.
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:B. Issue those [[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)|''edicta'']] necessary to fulfill their judicial duties and to pronounce collegial ''[[intercessio]]'' against another ''decemvir stlitibus iudicandis''.
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=TRIUMVIR CAPITALIS=
 
=TRIUMVIR CAPITALIS=
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They serve as the magistrates responsible for public order and enforcing the public policies of Nova Roma. They act as public prosecutors and guardians of the Nova Roman legal system, administrative court for simpler forum moderation issues, lesser colleagues and inferiors of the aediles in forum management and maintenance of public order, and members of the Officium Aedilicium.
 
They serve as the magistrates responsible for public order and enforcing the public policies of Nova Roma. They act as public prosecutors and guardians of the Nova Roman legal system, administrative court for simpler forum moderation issues, lesser colleagues and inferiors of the aediles in forum management and maintenance of public order, and members of the Officium Aedilicium.
  
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Their primary duties are to serve in the capacity of the chief of police of Nova Roma as captains general of the ''cohortes vigilum'', existing in their form as both a reenactment unit and forum moderation administrative servicemen:
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Their primary duties are to serve in the capacity of the chief of police of Nova Roma as captains general of the ''cohortes vigilum'', existing in their form as both a reenactment unit and forum moderation administrative servicemen.
  
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:1. They may appoint, remove and command the ''vigiles'' as moderators and administrators of the official public forums of Nova Roma. In order to execute their duties of policing and moderating all central forums of Nova Roma, it is mandatory for the ''tresviri capitales'' to be subscribed to all central forums of Nova Roma that are under the supervision of the [[Aediles (Nova Roma)|aediles]].
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[[Triumvir capitalis (Nova Roma)‎|Read more...]]
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::a. The ''tresviri'' can impose any of the disciplinary moderation actions available to them and they can overturn the decision of any forum administrator and moderator (excepting the decisions of the aediles or higher magistrates).
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::b. Besides the usual measures of forum moderation, the ''tresviri capitales'' have the right to various lesser ''poenae'' as a disciplinary action for citizens who offend the policies and laws of Nova Roma, as regulated by other laws.
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:2. They have the duty to ensure that the forum policies of the aediles are enforced, that all laws regarding public order, public forum behavior are observed, and to direct the ''vigiles'' to enforce all related policies and laws. They supervise and police all state approved ''[[sodalitas]]'', and other civilian corporations, with the exception of sodalitates and other corporations dealing with Roman numismatics and military.
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:3. They have the duty to notice, identify, investigate and prosecute crimes, offenses, breaches of the laws and regulations of Nova Roma and anything that violates the letter or spirit of Nova Roman law. In order to perform these duties, they shall employ the ''cohortes vigilum'' of Nova Roma which they command.
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::a. When discovering a crimen or a ''culpa'', the ''tresviri'' have the duty to start a petio actionis before the court where the case belongs to. In their role of checking and enforcing the observation of law by the citizens, and especially by the other magistrates and the entire Nova Roman government, they shall cooperate and share this duty with the quaestors and with the praefectus rei publicae administrandae.
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::b. To guaranee that the aediles do not overstep their powers and do not enforce overly rigorous or oppressive forum policies. The ''tresviri'' have the duties to turn to the ''decemviri stlitibus iudicandis'' if they notice aedilician actions that they deem to be against the letter or spirit of the law or harming ther rights and well being of the citizens.
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:4. The ''tresviri'' also serve as judges in forum moderation controversies according to summary judgment procedure in the [[Lex Lucilia iudiciaria (Nova Roma)|''lex Lucilia iudiciaria'']].
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:5. If there is a complaint or concern against an excessive management style of the ''tresviri capitales'', the aediles, praetores or consules may order them in edict to follow certain guidelines or may forbid them to do certain actions; such directive instructions are always is within the natural power of the higher magistrates as a possible method to handle transgressions of lower officers. Uncooperative tresviri maybe recalled altogether from the supervision of forums by an edict of a higher magistrate.
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The ''tresviri'' also function as lesser colleagues of the aediles in their duties of the maintenance of public order and the public forums of Nova Roma, and as such, shall be members in the [[Album Decuriarum Apparitoriarum (Nova Roma)|Officium Aedilicium]]. The aediles may share any of these tasks and duties with the ''triumviri''. If the aediles are unavailable, the ''tresviri'' shall substitute them in the duties of maintaining public order and management of public forums. The aediles may designate any or all ''triumviri capitales'' to deputize them for any period of time in matters of forum supervision.
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They may employ [[Apparitor (Nova Roma)|apparitors]] from among the existing ones, based on mutual agreement between ''triumvir'', or the collective collegium of the ''triumviri'', and the apparitor, as assistants in administrative and other tasks, as they shall see fit. This assignment of an apparitor shall be made by an [[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)|''edictum'']] of the [[Praefectus rei publicae administrandae (Nova Roma)|''praefectus rei publicae administrandae'']] (who shall have the ius edicendi) at the order of the ''triumvir'', or in absence of such ''praefectus'', or by any officer with the ''ius edicendi'' at their discretion.
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They have the following honors and powers:
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:A. To hold lower ''[[potestas]]'', incomplete ''iurisdictio'' (the right to interpret and administer the law and to administer justice, limited to cases within their duties), incomplete ''ius coercitionis'' limited to be used within their duties, the ''ius intercessionis'' and the ''ius edicendi'', all of which rights and powers are restricted only to be exercised within their scope of authority, that is, to enforce the law, to administer the law, or to administer any additional tasks assigned to them by law;
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:B. To issue those [[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)|''edicta'']] necessary in their law enforcement duties; and to pronounce collegial ''[[intercessio]]'' against another ''triumvir capitalis''.
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=TRIUMVIR MONETALIS=
 
=TRIUMVIR MONETALIS=
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Know as the ''tresviri monetales'' or ''triumviri monetales'' or, with their longer, more ceremonial name, ''tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo'' they support and assist the [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|quaestors]], the [[Curator aerarii (Nova Roma)|curator aerarii]] and the [[Curator aerarii (Nova Roma)|Officium Aerarii]] in their job regarding the finances of Nova Roma. They are members of the [[Curator aerarii (Nova Roma)|Officium Aerarii]] and have the right and duty to propose ideas for the financial administration of Nova Roma therein.
 
Know as the ''tresviri monetales'' or ''triumviri monetales'' or, with their longer, more ceremonial name, ''tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo'' they support and assist the [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|quaestors]], the [[Curator aerarii (Nova Roma)|curator aerarii]] and the [[Curator aerarii (Nova Roma)|Officium Aerarii]] in their job regarding the finances of Nova Roma. They are members of the [[Curator aerarii (Nova Roma)|Officium Aerarii]] and have the right and duty to propose ideas for the financial administration of Nova Roma therein.
  
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The ''tresviri monetales'' provide the citizens of NR with educational programs and knowledge about Roman numismatics, history of Roman economy and commerce. They also supervise all state approved central ''[[Sodalitas|sodalitates]]'', societies and other civilian corporations which are dealing with Roman numismatics, history of Roman economy and commerce or fundraising for officially supported causes of Nova Roma; or if they are not functioning actively and adequately, to restore them to proper function; or if Nova Roma does not have any society focused in these topics, to create them.
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[[Triumvir monetalis (Nova Roma)‎‎|Read more...]]
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Where the above ''tresviri capitales'' and the ''cohortes vigilum'' do not ahve jurisdiction, the ''tresviri monetales'' shall serve as law enforcement officers in the forums of central official Roman numismatics, history of Roman economy societies, or Nova Roman fundraising societies. The ''tresviri'' shall work under the supervision, regulatory direction and authority of the [[Aediles (Nova Roma)|aediles]] in this capacity.
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They shall have the following honors and powers:
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:A. To hold lower ''[[potestas]]'', incomplete ''ius coercitionis'' limited to be used within their duties, and ''ius intercessionis'', all of which rights and powers are restricted only to be exercised within their scope of authority, that is, to oversee and manage the public infrastructure, public works, the official and public websites, to supervise, manage or execute tasks, duties and projects assigned to them by law or order by a higher ranking officer, the [[Senate (Nova Roma)|Senate]] or the [[Comitia]];
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:B. To pronounce collegial ''intercessio'' against another ''triumvir monetalis''.
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=QUATTUORVIR RERUM CURANDARUM=
 
=QUATTUORVIR RERUM CURANDARUM=
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The ''quattuorviri rerum curandarum'' assist all other magistrates that need help in any task, but primarily the [[Aediles (Nova Roma)|aediles]] and the duties of the [[Officium Operum Publicorum (Nova Roma)|Officium Operum Publicorum]], [[Praefectus rei publicae administrandae (Nova Roma)|Officium Administrationis Publicae]], [[Curator rei informaticae (Nova Roma)|Officium Rei Informaticae]] and [[Album Decuriarum Apparitoriarum (Nova Roma)|Officium Aedilicium]]. They are therefore members of the Officium Operum Publicorum, Officium Administrationis Publicae, Officium Rei Informaticae and Officium Aedilicium, and have the right and duty to propose ideas for the relevant administrative tasks therein.
 
The ''quattuorviri rerum curandarum'' assist all other magistrates that need help in any task, but primarily the [[Aediles (Nova Roma)|aediles]] and the duties of the [[Officium Operum Publicorum (Nova Roma)|Officium Operum Publicorum]], [[Praefectus rei publicae administrandae (Nova Roma)|Officium Administrationis Publicae]], [[Curator rei informaticae (Nova Roma)|Officium Rei Informaticae]] and [[Album Decuriarum Apparitoriarum (Nova Roma)|Officium Aedilicium]]. They are therefore members of the Officium Operum Publicorum, Officium Administrationis Publicae, Officium Rei Informaticae and Officium Aedilicium, and have the right and duty to propose ideas for the relevant administrative tasks therein.
  
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The ''quattuorviri'' be responsible for the promotion of knowledge, education and information about all aspects of Romanitas, except numismatics and military, and for the promotion of Roman civilian reenactment in Nova Roma. They are alsoresponsible for the quality assurance of the public and official websites of Nova Roma: to notice mistakes, problems, errors, outdated information, missing information, and take care of their correction and solution. They are in-charge of the Nova Roma Wiki editorial community and of the Nova Roma Wiki Project, under the guidance and authority of the [[Aediles (Nova Roma)|aediles]] and the [[Curator rei informaticae (Nova Roma)|curator rei informaticae]].
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[[Quattuorvir rerum curandarum (Nova Roma)‎‎‎|Read more...]]
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They are also required to supervise all state approved central ''[[Sodalitas|sodalitates]]'', societies and other civilian corporations except those supervised by the ''tresviri monetales'' and ''tribuni militum comitiati''; or if they are not functioning actively and adequately, to restore them to proper function; or if there is an important subject of Roman studies about which Nova Roma does not have any society, to organize them. The ''quattuorviri rerum curandarum monetales'' shall serve as law enforcement officers in the forums of central official societies of Nova Roma that are not under the guardianship of the ''tresviri monetales'' and ''tribuni militum comitiati''. They will work under the supervision, regulatory direction and authority of the aediles in this capacity.
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They shall have the following honors and powers:
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:A. To hold lower ''[[potestas]]'', incomplete ''ius coercitionis'' limited to be used within their duties, and ''ius intercessionis'', all of which rights and powers are restricted only to be exercised within their scope of authority, that is, to oversee and manage the public infrastructure, public works, the official and public websites, to supervise, manage or execute tasks, duties and projects assigned to them by law or order by a higher ranking officer, the [[Senate (Nova Roma)|Senate]] or the [[Comitia]];
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:B. To pronounce collegial ''intercessio'' against another ''quattuorvir rerum curandarum''.
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Latest revision as of 08:42, 5 January 2024

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Our magistracies

Consul
Praetor
Censor
Aedilis curulis
Aedilis plebis
Tribunus plebis
Quaestor
Vigintivir
Tribunus militum

Praefectus rei publicae administrandae
Curator aerarii
Curator rei informaticae

APPARITORES

Classification of magistracies

Magistracy overview


The vigintiviratus is a college of the lowest elected magistrates in the Nova Roman Republic, based on the ancient Roman republican model. The name literally means "twenty chairmen", although their number in Nova Roma was set to ten. The word vir ("man"), or in plural viri ("men"), in contrast to homo (man), was usually implied to denote a politician, officer, or soldier, therefore to translate e.g. tresviri as "three chairmen", vigintiviri as "twenty chairmen" is very convenient and more fitting than to translate it as "twenty men"). Before prid. Kal. Ian. ‡ Sex. Lucilio (II) A. Tullia (II) cos. ‡ MMDCCLXXV a.u.c., the office was called vigintisexviratus ("chairmanship of the twenty-six"), and the name was changed by the lex Lucilia de vigintiviris.


Contents

Introduction

Article IV.A.8 of the lex Cornelia Domitia de re publica constituenda stipulates how the offices of the vigintiviri shall be defined, and on the basis of their number, their actual collective name shall be determined. With the enactment of the lex Lucilia de vigintiviris, the collective term for these minor magistrates became vigintiviri, the magistracies of the vigintiviratus.

The Comitia Populi Tributa shall elect the following magistracies of the vigintiviratus who all shall enter office on the Kalends of January, and shall serve until the next Kalends of January. Their election shall be conducted before the end of the year, even if the required number of candidates did not apply for office, and even if there was only one call for candidates (depending on the decision of the presiding magistrate of the election). If the necessary number of people were not elected, at least one supplemental election will be held after all the higher magistrates have been elected so that all candidates who failed to obtain a higher magistracy may be able to run for vigintivir. Each magistracy of the vigintiviratus shall be considered fully set and functional if at least on position is filled in them.

Note: The female version of the title of the offices which have the “–vir” ending is “–vira", not only the ones listed but also those established by any other law of Nova Roma.

DECEMVIR STLITIBUS IUDICANDIS

Ten (10) judicial magistrates called decemviri stlitibus iudicandis (or less formally: decemviri litibus iudicandis) are elected yearly.

They serve as the administrative court and constitutional court of Nova Roma. They conduct proceedings and trials about complaints against administrative measures, disputes within the administration, debates between administrative officers, disputes about constitutional law, and the interpretation of law. They also serve as the default administrative law court for controversies about forum moderation issues of any official public forum of Nova Roma. They can also act as an appeals court in certain cases defined by law.

Read more...

TRIUMVIR CAPITALIS

Three (3) captains general of the Nova Roman police, law enforcement magistrates, called triumviri capitales or tresviri capitales are elected yearly.

They serve as the magistrates responsible for public order and enforcing the public policies of Nova Roma. They act as public prosecutors and guardians of the Nova Roman legal system, administrative court for simpler forum moderation issues, lesser colleagues and inferiors of the aediles in forum management and maintenance of public order, and members of the Officium Aedilicium.

Their primary duties are to serve in the capacity of the chief of police of Nova Roma as captains general of the cohortes vigilum, existing in their form as both a reenactment unit and forum moderation administrative servicemen.

Read more...

TRIUMVIR MONETALIS

Three (3) magistrates responsible for the design, development, production, issuance and distribution of the coinage of Nova Roma shall be elected yearly.

Know as the tresviri monetales or triumviri monetales or, with their longer, more ceremonial name, tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo they support and assist the quaestors, the curator aerarii and the Officium Aerarii in their job regarding the finances of Nova Roma. They are members of the Officium Aerarii and have the right and duty to propose ideas for the financial administration of Nova Roma therein.

Read more...

QUATTUORVIR RERUM CURANDARUM

Four (4) magistrates, called quattuorviri rerum curandarum, responsible for maintaining and updating of the infrastructures of Nova Roma, are elected yearly.

The quattuorviri rerum curandarum assist all other magistrates that need help in any task, but primarily the aediles and the duties of the Officium Operum Publicorum, Officium Administrationis Publicae, Officium Rei Informaticae and Officium Aedilicium. They are therefore members of the Officium Operum Publicorum, Officium Administrationis Publicae, Officium Rei Informaticae and Officium Aedilicium, and have the right and duty to propose ideas for the relevant administrative tasks therein.

Read more...


History of the vigintiviratus or vigintisexviratus in Nova Roma

Before prid. Kal. Ian. ‡ Sex. Lucilio (II) A. Tullia (II) cos. ‡ MMDCCLXXV a.u.c., the office was called vigintisexviratus (twenty-six chairmanship), and the name was changed by the lex Lucilia de vigintiviris. In Fr. Apulo C. Laenate cos. ‡ MMDCCLVIII a.u.c., the office of magister aranearius was removed from the vigintisexviratus and was made a senate appointed officer, like a curatorship. In L. Arminio Ti. Galerio cos. ‡ MMDCCLX a.u.c., the office of the editor commentariorum also became a senate appointment, although it remained part of the vigintisexviri. In L. Sulla (III) cos. sine collega ‡ MMDCCLXVI a.u.c., all offices of the vigintisexviratus were abolished, though it was maintained in the lex Equitia de constitutione corrigenda as a type of office for potential reintroduction. Diribitores, rogatores and custodes continued to be appointed but not as magistrates but only as subordinate officers similar to the category of apparitores.

The following offices were once part of the Nova Roman vigintisexviratus:

Vigintisexvir magister aranearius the chief webmaster of Nova Roma
Vigintisexvir editor commentariorum the editor-in-chief of the news and publications of Nova Roma
Vigintisexviri rogatores two registrars of new citizens and voters
Vigintisexviri diribitores four vote counting election officials
Vigintisexviri custodes two election jury officials

See also

Retrieved from "http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Vigintiviri_(Nova_Roma)"
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