Magistracies (Nova Roma)

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'''Magistracies''' are the executive offices of Nova Roma. They can be classified in several ways.
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''Magistracies'' are the executive offices of Nova Roma. They can be classified in several ways.
  
  
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''Ordinary and Extraordinary Magistracies''
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'''Ordinary and Extraordinary Magistracies'''
  
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The '''ordinary magistracies''' (Latin '''magistratus ordinarii''') are those which are filled every year by regular elections. They are:
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The ''ordinary magistracies'' (Latin ''magistratus ordinarii'') are those which are filled every year by regular elections. They are:
  
 
*The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]]
 
*The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]]
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*The [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|Quaestura]]
 
*The [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|Quaestura]]
  
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Although the [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribunatus Plebis]] is not technically classified as a magistracy, but in practice it is one of the ordinary magistracies.
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Although the [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribunatus Plebis]] is not technically classified as a magistracy, in practice it is one of the ordinary magistracies.
  
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The '''extraordinary magistracies''' (Latin '''magistratus extraordinarii''') are those which are filled only when they are needed. They are:
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The ''extraordinary magistracies'' (Latin ''magistratus extraordinarii'') are those which are filled only when they are needed. They are:
  
 
*The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]]
 
*The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]]
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''Higher and Lower Magistracies''
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'''Higher and Lower Magistracies'''
  
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The '''higher magistracies''' are those which are most senior in rank. They are elected by the highest of the popular assemblies, the [[Comitia Centuriata (Nova Roma)|Comitia Centuriata]], except for the Dictator, who is appointed by the Senate.
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The ''higher magistracies'' (Latin ''magistratus maiores'') are those which are most senior in rank. They are elected by the highest of the popular assemblies, the [[Comitia Centuriata (Nova Roma)|Comitia Centuriata]].
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*The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]]
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*The [[Consul (Nova Roma)|Consulatus]]
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*The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]]
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The rest are ''lower magistracies'' (Latin ''magistratus minores''):
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*The [[Aedilis Curulis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Curulis]]
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*The [[Aedilis Plebis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Plebis]]
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*The [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|Quaestura]]
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The [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribunatus Plebis]] is not technically classified as a magistracy, and it would not be correct to regard it as either a higher or a lower magistracy.
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The extraordinary magistracies are not classified as either higher or lower magistracies.
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'''Magistracies With and Without Imperium'''
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[[Imperium (Nova Roma)|Imperium]] is the highest form of executive power in the republic. Those magistracies which carry imperium (Latin ''magistratus cum imperio'') are:
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*The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]]
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*The [[Consul (Nova Roma)|Consulatus]]
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*The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]]
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Those without imperium (Latin ''magistratus sine imperio'') mostly have the lesser power of [[Potestas (Nova Roma|potestas]]:
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*The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]]
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*The [[Aedilis Curulis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Curulis]]
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*The [[Aedilis Plebis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Plebis]]
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*The [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|Quaestura]]
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The [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribuni Plebis]] have neither imperium nor potestas but the special power of [[Tribunicia Potestas (Nova Roma)|tribunicia potestas]].
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The power of the [[Interrex (Nova Roma)|Interrex]] is hard to classify. Logically it ought to be imperium, because the constitutional duty of the Interrex is to preside over the election of the Consules, and this requires the convention of the Comitia Centuriata: only a magistrate with imperium can convene the Comitia Centuriata. However, strong custom prevents the interrex from exercising the full range of imperium.
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'''Curule and Non-Curule Magistracies'''
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The ''curule magistracies'' (Latin ''magistratus curules'') are those whose holders are entitled by virtue of their office to sit on the curule chair (Latin ''sella curulis'') and whose descendants are regarded as ''nobiles''. They are:
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*The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]]
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*The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]]
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*The [[Consul (Nova Roma)|Consulatus]]
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*The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]]
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*The [[Aedilis Curulis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Curulis]]
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The ''non-curule magistrates'' (Latin ''magistratus non curules'') are:
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*The [[Aedilis Plebis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Plebis]]
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*The [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|Quaestura]]
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The [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribunatus Plebis]], not technically a magistracy at all, is not a curule office.
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It is not entirely clear whether the [[Interrex (Nova Roma)|Interregnum]] is a curule or a non-curule magistracy.

Revision as of 23:31, 26 March 2006

Magistracies are the executive offices of Nova Roma. They can be classified in several ways.


Ordinary and Extraordinary Magistracies

The ordinary magistracies (Latin magistratus ordinarii) are those which are filled every year by regular elections. They are:

Although the Tribunatus Plebis is not technically classified as a magistracy, in practice it is one of the ordinary magistracies.

The extraordinary magistracies (Latin magistratus extraordinarii) are those which are filled only when they are needed. They are:


Higher and Lower Magistracies

The higher magistracies (Latin magistratus maiores) are those which are most senior in rank. They are elected by the highest of the popular assemblies, the Comitia Centuriata.

The rest are lower magistracies (Latin magistratus minores):

The Tribunatus Plebis is not technically classified as a magistracy, and it would not be correct to regard it as either a higher or a lower magistracy.

The extraordinary magistracies are not classified as either higher or lower magistracies.


Magistracies With and Without Imperium

Imperium is the highest form of executive power in the republic. Those magistracies which carry imperium (Latin magistratus cum imperio) are:

Those without imperium (Latin magistratus sine imperio) mostly have the lesser power of potestas:

The Tribuni Plebis have neither imperium nor potestas but the special power of tribunicia potestas.

The power of the Interrex is hard to classify. Logically it ought to be imperium, because the constitutional duty of the Interrex is to preside over the election of the Consules, and this requires the convention of the Comitia Centuriata: only a magistrate with imperium can convene the Comitia Centuriata. However, strong custom prevents the interrex from exercising the full range of imperium.


Curule and Non-Curule Magistracies

The curule magistracies (Latin magistratus curules) are those whose holders are entitled by virtue of their office to sit on the curule chair (Latin sella curulis) and whose descendants are regarded as nobiles. They are:

The non-curule magistrates (Latin magistratus non curules) are:

The Tribunatus Plebis, not technically a magistracy at all, is not a curule office.

It is not entirely clear whether the Interregnum is a curule or a non-curule magistracy.

Retrieved from "http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Magistracies_(Nova_Roma)"
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