<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="http://www.novaroma.org/vici/skins/common/feed.css?301"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/vici/index.php?feed=atom&amp;target=Marca+Hortensia+Maior&amp;title=Special%3AContributions</id>
		<title>NovaRoma - User contributions [en]</title>
		<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.novaroma.org/vici/index.php?feed=atom&amp;target=Marca+Hortensia+Maior&amp;title=Special%3AContributions"/>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Special:Contributions/Marca+Hortensia+Maior"/>
		<updated>2026-04-10T01:40:32Z</updated>
		<subtitle>From NovaRoma</subtitle>
		<generator>MediaWiki 1.17.0</generator>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Marca_Hortensia_Maior_Fabiana_Faustina_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Marca Hortensia Maior Fabiana Faustina (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Marca_Hortensia_Maior_Fabiana_Faustina_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2011-07-07T02:17:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{BioHeader|name=Marca Hortensia Maior|id=5832}}&lt;br /&gt;
M. Hortensia Maior became a Roman citizen XIII Kal. Iun. K. Fabio T. Labieno cos. (MMDCCLVI a.u.c.) and was originally known as Septima Fabia Vera Fausta. She was a writer and producer of [[Vox Romana]] podcast. Resigned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
M. Hortensia made [[Special:Contributions/Marca_Hortensia_Maior|many contributions to this site]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cursus Honorum==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetrix]]&lt;br /&gt;
:{{2010}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Senator (Nova Roma)|Senatrix]]&lt;br /&gt;
:from {{2007}} to {{2010}}&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Propraetor (Nova Roma)|Propraetrix]] of [[:Category:Provincia Hibernia (Nova Roma)|Hibernia]]&lt;br /&gt;
:a m. Martio {{2004}}&lt;br /&gt;
:ad m. Aprilem {{2005}}&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribuna Plebis]]&lt;br /&gt;
:{{2005}}&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aedilis Plebis (Nova Roma)|Aedilis Plebis]]&lt;br /&gt;
:{{2006}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Other Posts==&lt;br /&gt;
* Flaminica Carmentalis &lt;br /&gt;
:from October {{2008}} to {{2010}}&lt;br /&gt;
* Sacerdos Mentis &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Comitia Curiata (Nova Roma)|''Lictor Curiatus'']]&lt;br /&gt;
:from {{2008}} to {{2010}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Scriba Censoris Buteonis iuris et investigatio: {{2005}}&lt;br /&gt;
* Scriba Censoris Buteonis iuris et investigatio: {{2004}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==NRwiki Articles==&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Lar]]                                      &lt;br /&gt;
:[[Penates]] &lt;br /&gt;
:[[Manes]]                            &lt;br /&gt;
:[[Liber]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Magna Mater]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Cultus Apollonis]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Sol]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Fortuna]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Aedes Fortunae Populi Novi Romani Quiritium Primigeniae (Nova Roma)]][[Image:M-Hortensia-Maior-lararium.jpg|thumb|[[Lararium (Nova Roma)|Lararium]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Saturnalia]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Reading list for the cultus deorum]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Religio Romana]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Roman laws]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Religion and law]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Mens]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Aedes Mentis (Nova Roma)]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Venus]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Egeria]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Camenae]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Nymphs]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Bona Dea]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Hercules]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Childbirth (Nova Roma)]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Children (Nova Roma)]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Epicurus]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[epicureanism]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Reading list for philosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Flaminica]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Flaminica Dialis]]&lt;br /&gt;
:Sibylline Books stub&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Matralia]]&lt;br /&gt;
:[[Pagan Heroes and Martyrs]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Former Senators (Nova Roma)|Hortensia Maior, Marca]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Magistrates (Nova Roma)|Hortensia Maior Fabiana, M.]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Governors (Nova Roma)|Hortensia Maior Fabiana, M.]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Gens Hortensia (Nova Roma)|Maior Fabiana, M. Hortensia]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Reading_list_for_the_cultus_deorum</id>
		<title>Reading list for the cultus deorum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Reading_list_for_the_cultus_deorum"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T03:48:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Book reviews|topic=Cultus Deorum}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=&lt;br /&gt;
| author=&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Modern Scholarship==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===General===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Dictionary of Roman Religion&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Lesley Adkins, Roy A. Adkins&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1995&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0195142330&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback.  An excellent resource for general knowledge or just to look up that obscure temple or God. Includes a very good bibliography.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Religion in Archaic and Republican Rome and Italy: Evidence and Experience&lt;br /&gt;
| author=ed. by Edward Bispham and Christopher Smith&lt;br /&gt;
| date=2000&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=1579583253&lt;br /&gt;
| name&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Roman Religion (Cambridge Introduction to Roman Civilization) &lt;br /&gt;
| author=Valerie Warrior&lt;br /&gt;
| date=2006&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=0521532124 &lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=A. Sempronius Regulus&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Temples, Religion, and Politics in the Roman Republic &lt;br /&gt;
| author=Eric M. Orlin&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1997&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher= Brill&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0391041320&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:Quintus Valerius Poplicola|Q. Valerius Poplicola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Librorum de Disciplina Augurali ante Augusti Mortem Scriptorum Reliquiae&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Francis Albert Brause&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1875&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=A Thesis on the extant literary fragments that describe and/or detail augural practice from before the death of Augustus.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Götter und Lararien aus Augusta Raurica &lt;br /&gt;
| author=Annemarie Kaufmann-Heinimann. &lt;br /&gt;
| date=1998&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher= Augst : Römermuseum &lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN= 3715100265 &lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{&lt;br /&gt;
}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Empire===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=The Cults of the Roman Empire&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Robert Turcan, (Antonia Nevill, Trans.)&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1996&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Blackwell&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0631200479&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback. Terrific information on the influences of foreign cults on Rome, including Isis, the Magna Mater, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Paganism in the Roman Empire&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Ramsay MacMullen&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1983&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0300029845&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback. &lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=The cult images of imperial Rome&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Cornelius Vermeule&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1987&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=8876890130&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Etruscans===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Etruscan Life and Afterlife: A Handbook of Etruscan Studies&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Larissa Bonfante (Ed.) &lt;br /&gt;
| date=1987&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0814318134&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback. While it doesn't specifically deal with Classical Rome, the Etruscans were important contributors to the Roman conception of death, religion, and the afterlife. An important foundational work.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Greek Religion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Lewis Richard Farnell&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1921&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Oxford&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0890050236&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardback. A bit out-dated but a still a great read for information on Greek hero cults.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:Quintus Valerius Poplicola|Q. Valerius Poplicola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Religions of the Ancient Greeks&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Simon Price&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1999&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Cambridge University Press&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0521382017&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=A great little manual for an introduction to the various religions of the ancient Greeks&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:Quintus Valerius Poplicola|Q. Valerius Poplicola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Human Sacrifice in Ancient Greece&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Dennis D. Hughes&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1991&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Routledge&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0415034833&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:Quintus Valerius Poplicola|Q. Valerius Poplicola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Greek Religion&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Walter Burkert&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1985&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Harvard University Press&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0674362802&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Cloth. The standard book for Greek religion, this should be read by anyone studying religions anywhere near the Mediterranean, including the Religio Romana. Highly recommend.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:Quintus Valerius Poplicola|Q. Valerius Poplicola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Egyptian Religion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Temples of Ancient Egypt&lt;br /&gt;
| editor=Byron E. Shafer&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1997&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Cornell University Press&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0801433991&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardback. A solid collection of essays by experts in Egyptian religion and archaeology.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:Quintus Valerius Poplicola|Q. Valerius Poplicola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=International Law in Archaic Rome: War and Religion&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Alan Watson&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1993&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0801845068&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardcover. While it may seem odd to include a book on international law in the religion section, this excellent resource is essentially about the Fetiales, the priests whose duties included the maintenance of international relations; treaties, declarations of war, etc. A must-read for anyone aspiring to become a member of the Fetiales. &lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[Flavius Vedius Germanicus]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Contributi allo studio del diritto augurale. I &lt;br /&gt;
| author=Pierangelo Catalano&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1960&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=De Inaugurationibus Romanis Caerimoniarum et Sacerdotum&lt;br /&gt;
| author=M.J. Valeton&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1891&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Mnemosyne, 19 (1891). &lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=0026-7074&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=De Temporum Computatione Romanorum&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Paul Krüger&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1861&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=A doctoral dissertation on Roman time.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=De Auspiciis Romanorum&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Eric Samuel &amp;amp;Ouml;dmann&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1825&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=A thesis on Roman auspices.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Primary Literature==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Marcus Aurelius Antoninus===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Meditations of Marcus Aurelius&amp;quot;, musings of one of the most famous Stoics of history; the Emperor Marcus Aurelius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Marcus Aurelius (Loeb Classical Library 58)&lt;br /&gt;
| author=C.R. Haines (Editor), Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1930&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0674990641&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardcover. Part of the Loeb Classical Library (#58).&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=The Emperor's Handbook: A New Translation of The Meditations&lt;br /&gt;
| author=David Hicks (Translator), C. Scot Hicks (Translator) &lt;br /&gt;
| date=2002&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0743233832&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardcover&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Meditations (Modern Library Classics)&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Gregory Hays (Translator)&lt;br /&gt;
| date=2003 &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0812968255 &lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback &lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Marcus Tullius Cicero===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=The Nature of the Gods and on Divination (Great Books in Philosophy)&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Marcus Tullius Cicero, C.D. Yonge (Translator)&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=1573921807&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Important first-hand accounts of attitudes towards religion and divination in the late Republic. Paperback. Published 1997 reprint of 1853 edition&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=The Nature of the Gods (Penguin Classics)&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Marcus Tullius Cicero, J. M. Ross (Introduction), Horace C. P. McGregor (Translator)&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1972&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0140442650&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Reissue edition Paperback &lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=The Republic and The Laws&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Marcus Tullius Cicero, Jonathan Powell (Introduction), Niall Rudd (Translator)&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1998 &lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0192832360&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Marcus Terentius Varro===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=De Lingua Latina/On the Latin Language&lt;br /&gt;
| author=M. Terentius Varro, Roland G. Kent (trans.)&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1951&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Harvard University Press&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Loeb version&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:Quintus Valerius Poplicola|Q. Valerius Poplicola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Roman Religion&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; A Sourcebook : Valerie M. Warrior / Paperback / 2002 /ISBN 1585100307 Read a [http://www.unrv.com/book-review/roman-religion.php review at UNRV]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Neptunus</id>
		<title>Neptunus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Neptunus"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T03:41:50Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar | Neptunus }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Neptunus''' (Neptune) is the Roman God of the sea  His name is derived from the Etruscan Nepthuns. His major festival is the ''Neptunalia'', celebrated in ''[[Roman dates|Quintilis]]''.  For a time he was paired with Salacia, the goddess of the salt water. At an early date (899 BC) he was identified with Poseidon, when the Sibylline books ordered a lectisternium in his honour (Livy v. 13). In the earlier times it was the god Portunes or Fortunus who was thanked for naval victories, but Neptune supplanted him in this role by at least the first century BC when Sextus Pompeius called himself &amp;quot;son of Neptune&amp;quot;.   Neptune is associated as well with fresh water, as opposed to Oceanus, god of the world-ocean. Like Poseidon, Neptune was also worshipped by the Romans as a god of horses, under the name ''Neptune Equester'', patron of horse-racing.  The planet Neptune was named after the god, as its deep blue gas clouds gave early astronomers the impression of great oceans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As god of the sea, it is likely that Neptunus was also connected to merchants and to trade generally. He is also found in the first ''[[lectisternium]]'', mentioned with [[Mercurius]], which also gives credence to this connection with trade and merchan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Festivals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Neptunalia===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ''Neptunalia'' is celebrated {{Jul 23}}. Very little is known about the celebrations that took place on this day, or about the cult which would have celebrated it. About the celebrations of the day, Fowler &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fowler, W. W. The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic: An introduction to the study of the religion of the Romans (ISBN 1402148577)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; says that huts or booths of foliage were set up by the ''cultores'', but this only to protect those who came to worship Neptunus on that day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its placement in mid-Summer suggests also the connection with trade, particularly trade by sea, from an astronomical view. In light of the fact that the Moon is at its farthest distance from Earth at this time, waves would have been significantly less than at other times of the year, which would be favourable to any sea-based trade. This would have been an optimal time to propitiate Neptunus in the hopes that he would continue to keep the waves minimised, allowing easier and more successful trade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This also connects to agriculture. This festival is placed in enough time before the harvest to allow cultores to attempt to propitiate Neptunus such that, when the time comes, farmers will be able to harvest their crops successfully and use them at the markets to trade and barter. The favour of Neptunus would be essential to allow goods from other parts of the Mediterranean to reach Rome and all of Italy safely, something which the agricultural community of early Italy would have desired more than not.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Neptunus</id>
		<title>Neptunus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Neptunus"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T03:41:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar | Neptunus }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Neptunus''' (Neptune) is the Roman God of the sea and still waters. His name is derived from the Etruscan Nepthuns. His major festival is the ''Neptunalia'', celebrated in ''[[Roman dates|Quintilis]]''.  For a time he was paired with Salacia, the goddess of the salt water. At an early date (899 BC) he was identified with Poseidon, when the Sibylline books ordered a lectisternium in his honour (Livy v. 13). In the earlier times it was the god Portunes or Fortunus who was thanked for naval victories, but Neptune supplanted him in this role by at least the first century BC when Sextus Pompeius called himself &amp;quot;son of Neptune&amp;quot;.   Neptune is associated as well with fresh water, as opposed to Oceanus, god of the world-ocean. Like Poseidon, Neptune was also worshipped by the Romans as a god of horses, under the name ''Neptune Equester'', patron of horse-racing.  The planet Neptune was named after the god, as its deep blue gas clouds gave early astronomers the impression of great oceans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As god of the sea, it is likely that Neptunus was also connected to merchants and to trade generally. He is also found in the first ''[[lectisternium]]'', mentioned with [[Mercurius]], which also gives credence to this connection with trade and merchan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Festivals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Neptunalia===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ''Neptunalia'' is celebrated {{Jul 23}}. Very little is known about the celebrations that took place on this day, or about the cult which would have celebrated it. About the celebrations of the day, Fowler &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fowler, W. W. The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic: An introduction to the study of the religion of the Romans (ISBN 1402148577)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; says that huts or booths of foliage were set up by the ''cultores'', but this only to protect those who came to worship Neptunus on that day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its placement in mid-Summer suggests also the connection with trade, particularly trade by sea, from an astronomical view. In light of the fact that the Moon is at its farthest distance from Earth at this time, waves would have been significantly less than at other times of the year, which would be favourable to any sea-based trade. This would have been an optimal time to propitiate Neptunus in the hopes that he would continue to keep the waves minimised, allowing easier and more successful trade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This also connects to agriculture. This festival is placed in enough time before the harvest to allow cultores to attempt to propitiate Neptunus such that, when the time comes, farmers will be able to harvest their crops successfully and use them at the markets to trade and barter. The favour of Neptunus would be essential to allow goods from other parts of the Mediterranean to reach Rome and all of Italy safely, something which the agricultural community of early Italy would have desired more than not.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Roman_laws</id>
		<title>Roman laws</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Roman_laws"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:15:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance</id>
		<title>Victims of religious intolerance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:13:50Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Matralia</id>
		<title>Matralia</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Matralia"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:13:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Flaminica_Dialis</id>
		<title>Flaminica Dialis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Flaminica_Dialis"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:12:42Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Flaminica</id>
		<title>Flaminica</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Flaminica"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:12:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Reading_list_for_philosophy</id>
		<title>Reading list for philosophy</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Reading_list_for_philosophy"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:11:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Epicureanism</id>
		<title>Epicureanism</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Epicureanism"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:10:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Epicurus</id>
		<title>Epicurus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Epicurus"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:09:52Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Children_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Children (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Children_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:09:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Childbirth_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Childbirth (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Childbirth_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:08:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Replacing page with '
Category:Religio Romana (Nova Roma)'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religio Romana (Nova Roma)]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Hercules</id>
		<title>Hercules</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Hercules"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:07:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Bona_Dea</id>
		<title>Bona Dea</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Bona_Dea"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:06:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Nymphs</id>
		<title>Nymphs</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Nymphs"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:05:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Camenae</id>
		<title>Camenae</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Camenae"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:04:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Egeria</id>
		<title>Egeria</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Egeria"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:04:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Venus</id>
		<title>Venus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Venus"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:03:24Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Aedes_Mentis_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Aedes Mentis (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Aedes_Mentis_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:01:07Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Mens</id>
		<title>Mens</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Mens"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T01:00:34Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Aedes_Fortunae_Populi_Novi_Romani_Quiritium_Primigeniae_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Aedes Fortunae Populi Novi Romani Quiritium Primigeniae (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Aedes_Fortunae_Populi_Novi_Romani_Quiritium_Primigeniae_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T00:58:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Cultus_Fortunae</id>
		<title>Cultus Fortunae</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Cultus_Fortunae"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T00:57:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Sol</id>
		<title>Sol</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Sol"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T00:56:07Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Cultus_Apollinis</id>
		<title>Cultus Apollinis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Cultus_Apollinis"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T00:54:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Magna_Mater</id>
		<title>Magna Mater</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Magna_Mater"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T00:53:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Liber</id>
		<title>Liber</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Liber"/>
				<updated>2011-03-14T00:42:39Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: Removing all content from page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-16T22:59:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: /* Computer Terms */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Computer Terms===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!English&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| website&lt;br /&gt;
| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| computer&lt;br /&gt;
|''computator''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| e-mail&lt;br /&gt;
|''epistula electronica''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| sound file&lt;br /&gt;
|''scapus sonorus''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| list&lt;br /&gt;
|''index''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| download&lt;br /&gt;
|''onerare''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-16T01:54:49Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: /* Computer Terms */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|Vernacular&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin&lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Computer Terms==&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''website''&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computer''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computator''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''email''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''tabella''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''sound file''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''capsella''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''list''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''index''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-16T01:16:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|Vernacular&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin&lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Computer Terms==&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''website''&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computer''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computator''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''email''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''tabella''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''sound file''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''capsella''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-16T00:45:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|Vernacular&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin&lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Computer Terms==&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''website''&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computer''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computator''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''email''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''tabella''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-16T00:15:34Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Computer Terms==&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''website''&lt;br /&gt;
!| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computer''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''computator''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''email''&lt;br /&gt;
!|''tabella''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-15T23:57:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Computer Terms==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|- ''website''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
|-''computer''&lt;br /&gt;
|-''computator''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-15T23:53:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: /* Computer Terms */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Computer Terms==&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|- ''website''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-''computer''&lt;br /&gt;
|-''computator''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail</id>
		<title>Latin for e-mail</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Latin_for_e-mail"/>
				<updated>2010-06-15T22:10:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Latin for e-mail}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Adding Latin greetings to your mail: a *brief* introduction for beginners.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Nova Roma we use a lot of [[Latin]] in our posts, and this guide will help you with some of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Organization==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:white&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!A simple letter from Lee to Kim might look like this:&lt;br /&gt;
!Latin style moves things around a bit:&lt;br /&gt;
!A similar letter in Latin looks like this:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Dear Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yours,&lt;br /&gt;
Kim&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|width=&amp;quot;33%&amp;quot;|Kim sends greetings to Lee,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Take care!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The big difference is that the sender's name goes on the top. We can also do it the nice familiar way with the sender's name on the bottom, but the way shown above is more &amp;quot;authentic&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just like in English, there are several ways to say this that are more or less formal, so lets look at some now, starting with the simple, less formal, ways first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Openings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The words that [[Latin]] uses usually have the meaning of &amp;quot;sends a greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use a Latin verb that means &amp;quot;to be well&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to exactly one person, use &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; (the imperative singular). &lt;br /&gt;
*If you are writing to more than one person, use &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; (the imperative plural).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Imperative&amp;quot; means the form of the verb that gives a command. You are making a command that your reader(s) be well! Very Roman of you.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Kim!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Main article: [[Vocative]]''&lt;br /&gt;
When we call someone by name, we use a form of the name called the &amp;quot;[[vocative]]&amp;quot;. Here are the basic rules for making a vocative:&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-ius&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-i&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Tullius''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Tulli''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*If a name ends in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot;, then the vocative ends in &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;''Marcus''&amp;quot; becomes &amp;quot;''Marce''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*All other names do not change at all. &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Felix''&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; stays &amp;quot;''Fabia''&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a complete discussion of *which* name you should use in our article on [[using Roman names]] . &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a good idea in general to use the [[cognomen]] (the last part of the name). &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Marcus Lucretius Agricola you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Agricola!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Aulus Apollonius Cordus you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Corde!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say hello to Gaius Equitius Cato you would write &amp;quot;''Salve, Cato!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only if you are very close friends indeed with these people you could write:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Marce!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Aule!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;''Salve, Gai!''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is more detail about how to address people at the address given above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hello Everyone!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You need to use plurals. &amp;quot;''Salvete omnes!''&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;''omnes''&amp;quot; is the plural of &amp;quot;''omnis''&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;every&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hard part here is &amp;quot;to Lee&amp;quot;. In Latin, we do not use a word for &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. Instead, we change the end of the name in a way that tells us the same idea as &amp;quot;to&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: This form of the name, or any noun, is called the &amp;quot;[[dative|dative case]]&amp;quot;.) Here are some examples showing how to make the [[dative]]:&lt;br /&gt;
*Marc-us -&amp;gt; Marc-o (most names that end in &amp;quot;-us&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Gai-a -&amp;gt; Gai-ae (most names that end in &amp;quot;-a&amp;quot; work like this)&lt;br /&gt;
*Felix -&amp;gt; Felici (there are some names that don't fit those patterns. You will have to learn more about Latin than we can teach you right now.  Or you can simply ask the Roman in question; s/he'll know.)&lt;br /&gt;
*''Marcus Lucretius Agricola'' -&amp;gt; ''M. Lucretio Agricolae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Aula Tullia Scholastica'' -&amp;gt; ''A. Tulliae Scholasticae''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Gaius Equitius Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''C. Equitio Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;Cato&amp;quot; is another of those &amp;quot;learn more&amp;quot; names.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Latin usage note: Normally, Latin ''[[praenomen|praenomina]]'' &amp;quot;first names&amp;quot; were abbreviated. ''Gaius'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''C.''&amp;quot; and ''Gnaeus'' is always abbreviated &amp;quot;''Cn.''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sends greetings&amp;quot; is a simple phrase &amp;quot;''salutem dicit''&amp;quot; but we nearly always write it &amp;quot;''s. d.''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''sal.''&amp;quot; See Example 2 for a sample.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On a mailing list you might say hello to everyone, as we show in Example 3.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;''omnibus''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to everyone&amp;quot;. )&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, &amp;quot;''valete''&amp;quot; is plural because &amp;quot;''Omnibus''&amp;quot; is plural. Agricola sent greetings to &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; and so said goodbye in the plural.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends greetings to Lee and Everyone===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you reply to a message by one person, but you want to greet everyone else who is reading, you could write it like Example 4.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: In this example, the &amp;quot;''-que''&amp;quot; on the end of &amp;quot;''omnibusque''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot;.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kim sends many greetings to Lee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Salutem plurimam dicit''&amp;quot;, means &amp;quot;says many greetings&amp;quot;. You can write it out, but &amp;quot;''S.P.D.''&amp;quot; is a common acronym. Example: &amp;quot;''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.''&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===I really hope you're well===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;''Si vales, bene est, ego valeo''&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;If you are sound, that is well; I'm sound&amp;quot;. The usual way is to write the abbreviation &amp;quot;''S.V.B.E.E.V.''&amp;quot; You can write this in addition to saying hello: “''Agricola Cordo S.P.D. S.V.B.E.E.V.''”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Closings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goodbye!===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you start with &amp;quot;''Salve!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Salvete!''&amp;quot; you can end with &amp;quot;''Vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''Valete!''&amp;quot;.  The meaning is still &amp;quot;be well!&amp;quot; Can you see which is singular and which is plural?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example 1 is a friendly, informal letter from M. Lucretius Agricola to A. Apollonius Cordus.&lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be very well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Bene vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
*To say &amp;quot;be most well&amp;quot; you could use &amp;quot;''Optime vale!''&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Grammar note: &amp;quot;bene&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;optime&amp;quot; are adverbs.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A '''more elegant''' and formal way to say goodbye is to use the expression &amp;quot;''Cura, ut valeas!''&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;Take care that you be well.&amp;quot; In plural it will become &amp;quot;''Curate, ut valeatis!''&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===May the Gods keep you safe===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a nice way to end a formal letter, instead of the simple &amp;quot;''vale!''&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;''valete!''&amp;quot; &amp;quot;''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&amp;quot; is singular and &amp;quot;''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&amp;quot; is plural. It means &amp;quot;may the Gods guard your safety&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
!Example 1&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Simple Hello and Goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 2&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello and Goodbye, Roman style.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 3&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to Everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
!Example 4&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;Hello to one person and everyone.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Salve Corde!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Vale!&lt;br /&gt;
Agricola''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime vale!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola omnibus sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo omnibusque sal.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blah blah blah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Optime valete!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==More Examples==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
!An example&lt;br /&gt;
!The same example with everything spelled out.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo S.P.D.&lt;br /&gt;
S.V.B.E.E.V.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|''Agricola Cordo salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si vales, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see that a new legio was just created. I'm not sure how many ''legiones'' we have now... do you know? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di te incolumem custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#ffffff&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!An example with everything spelled out and in the plural.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|''M. Lucretius Agricola omnibus salutem plurimam dicit.&lt;br /&gt;
Si valetis, bene est, ego valeo.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hope all New Romans will learn about Academia Thules and Sodalitas Latinitatis, two excellent places to learn more Latin. You can learn more about them on the Nova Roma website at www.novaroma.org/nr/Main_Page .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Di vos incolumes custodiant!''&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Difficult names==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, here are a few of those troublesome names with difficult [[dative]]s:&lt;br /&gt;
*''Astur'' -&amp;gt; ''Asturi''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Audens'' -&amp;gt; ''Audenti''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cato'' -&amp;gt; ''Catoni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Caesar'' -&amp;gt; ''Caesari''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Cicero'' -&amp;gt; ''Ciceroni''&lt;br /&gt;
*''Felix'' -&amp;gt; ''Felici''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many Latin words you're likely to see, and this can't be a complete Latin glossary, but these words are frequently used in our communities. Keeping a dictionary by the computer is a good idea. See [[Reading list for lingua Latina]] for suggestions on Latin dictionaries. See [[Online resources for Latin]] for online dictionaries. Study our articles about [[Latin grammar]], [[declension]]s and [[Latin language]], visit our short [[Latin phrasebook]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Gens''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;clan&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''gentes''&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Legio''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;legion&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''legiones''&amp;quot;) (as in &amp;quot;Roman Legion&amp;quot;; soldiers). &lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Civis''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;citizen&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''cives''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Lex''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;law&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''leges''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;''Edictum''&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;edict&amp;quot; (plural &amp;quot;''edicta''&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The names of magistracies are usually in Latin. Sometimes the singular form seems familiar but the plural is not what would be expected in English. To learn more about '''Latin plurals''', read [[Nominative|this article]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You could use these forms when writing to the office holders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] singular&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Nominative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;25%&amp;quot;|[[Dative]] plural&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consul''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consuli''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consules''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Consulibus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Censoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Quaestoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetor''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetori''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetores''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''Praetoribus''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Example''': Marcus Tullius Cicero would start a letter to the ''censores'' thus: ''M. Tullius Cicero censoribus S.P.D.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Computer Terms==&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|- ''website''&lt;br /&gt;
| ''situs interretialis''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Latin language]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User_talk:M._Lucretius_Agricola</id>
		<title>User talk:M. Lucretius Agricola</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User_talk:M._Lucretius_Agricola"/>
				<updated>2010-05-10T21:40:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: /* Please check these changes about mola salsa */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Leave a message, I'll read it the next time I log in. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't delete stuff. /\⁄\ |_  ⁄·\&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----	 &lt;br /&gt;
	 &lt;br /&gt;
Is it use a template with GlobalText in a category page?&lt;br /&gt;
E.g.:&lt;br /&gt;
.../Category:PT:Portuguese_Name&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use the &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Praetor}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; but let the text in PT?&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;gt; If not, can this solution be possible &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Praetor|PT}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;, by this way we could select the language we want....&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User_talk:Gaius Cocceius Spinula|Gaius Cocceius Spinula]] @00:15, 23 January 2009 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Template:Populi candidates Aprilis MMDCCLXII ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I have used the SmallCandidatebox but I cannot fix the page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Can you help please?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 21:37, 14 April 2009 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve the page is Template:Populi candidates Aprilis MMDCCLXII.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The problem is:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
with the use of the SmallCandidateBox the bottom of the page appears out of the screeen range.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See [http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Template:Populi_candidates_Aprilis_MMDCCLXII here ] after the chapter Diribitors the chapter Custos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 12:00, 15 April 2009 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Please check these changes about mola salsa ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With the ''virgo Vestalis maxima'', we made some editing to the [[mola salsa]] article. As I think you are knowledgeable of the matter, could you check if you find the changes appropriate? [http://novaroma.org/vici/index.php?title=Mola_salsa&amp;amp;action=history See the changes here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale! --[[User:Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus|Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus]] 21:05, 15 January 2010 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Divination==&lt;br /&gt;
great article! saw your user page, hehe, I love pseudo-Agricola;-)you are too witty for words&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User_talk:Gnaeus_Cornelius_Lentulus</id>
		<title>User talk:Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User_talk:Gnaeus_Cornelius_Lentulus"/>
				<updated>2010-04-15T19:27:36Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Template:Key Path Task Force}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cultus Task Force|Member}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Neptunus article==&lt;br /&gt;
Cato rewrote the article with old, dated material material, Lentule can you give us the article after your last edit &amp;amp; without Cato's edits? There is really wrong info there...I'd read the latest study in Italian on this cultus...[[User:Marca Hortensia Maior|Marca Hortensia Maior]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Copyright Expiration==&lt;br /&gt;
Lentulus has the copyright for the Crapsey book expired? In the U.S it is the writer's life plus 70 years. What about Europe? Also Cato's articles need citations and are his photos ok? Meaning I upload mine via persmission of the Vroma archive.....&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Source for image?==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lentule, you uploaded [[:Image:Templum Concordiae.jpg|this image]] but did not cite a source. We need to be careful about copyright, so could you add the source to the image description and mention why you think it is safe to use? Many thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 02:26, 18 October 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Daily Photo==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve! You can't really edit Template:HU:DailyPhoto directly. It is created automatically every day, so any change you make will be lost. Instead, edit [[NovaRoma:DailyPhotoData]]. I think you can see how that page works... it holds the captions for every language. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 02:43, 19 March 2008 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==How to do a summary include==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve! I see that on the aedes Concordiae page, you are pulling in the whole article [[Concordia]]. That is fine, but I want to show you an alternative that you might like. This is how to bring in only part of an article, and then to have a link to the entire article. First, use &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; to mark the part of Concordia that you want to use. Instead of using '''&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{:Concordia}} &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;''' to bring in the whole article, use '''&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Include summary|Concordia}} &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;'''. You will get just the part that you marked and there will be an automatic link to the entire article. We use this on all the Main Pages. Please feel free to use this or not, and if you have any trouble or questions, please contact me. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 02:30, 2 March 2008 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Please wait on the HU pages==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve Lentule! Please wait a bit before creating more HU pages. We have not created the HU namespace yet. So although it looks like you have pages in the HU namespace, you are actually creating pages in the MAIN namespace with titles that all befin &amp;quot;HU:&amp;quot;. I know it is a subtle difference, but an important one. For example, the templates that are globalized so that they work in all namespaces won't work for Hungarian because the Hungarian pages are not actually &amp;quot;in&amp;quot; an HU namespace. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 14:37, 21 December 2007 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fourfold way==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve! Thank you for helping, but please remember to follow all steps of the Fourfold Way:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{:NovaRoma:Fourfold way}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 00:44, 14 November 2007 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Changes of Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve amice&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I saw that you have changed pages, you have redirect to Category:ES:Apparitores (Nova Roma) but Category:Apparitores (Nova Roma) have not languagebar and is not translated I think that we need first translate the pages before redirect other to it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 09:18, 11 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THe problem is the redirections to uninesistent pages......we need check before, put the language bar, and the templates for translation It helps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 20:12, 12 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Spaces ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
the original page was created with a space, after all pages create from it have the same space&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 20:14, 12 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Marcus Prometheus ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
this man must be advised that his nomen is unhistorical...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 08:41, 17 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Uncapping Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you for uncapping words in many articles. Please just add a little note in the summary, just &amp;quot;uncapping words&amp;quot; would be fine. Ago tibi gratias. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 05:47, 18 July 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin phrasebook==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please take note of [[Latin for e-mail]] [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 09:40, 22 July 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I think it is best to put things in just one place each. We should think of the phrase book as a kind of &amp;quot;walking around&amp;quot; guide. If we put in everything we can think of it will become too large to be useful. The e-mail page is a tutorial, but the additional things can be added at the end. I'll do that tomorrow afternoon, right after I give my exams. o.v.! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 11:29, 22 July 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Magyar translation please==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve Lentule! Could you please write here the translation of &amp;quot;Ancient Rome&amp;quot; in Magyar? It is so I can create a category under Category:Magyar. Many thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 05:45, 8 August 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Toga==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lets put your discussion of the development of the toga at [[Toga]]. Keep the images as thumbs please and add whatever references you can. Thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 15:09, 18 August 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Template==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lentule, let me put your position open and position not open templates together. We can use a little bit of logic and a parameter so that you will only need one. Also notice that for example [[Template:Year_magistracy_NR]] has logic built in so that it automatically says ''nemo'' when no office holder is specified. Actually, we have a lot of this kind of [[:Category:Templates|template]] already, we may already have one that you can use. Tell me where you want to use it and I'll tell you if we have a suitable one. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 16:40, 8 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Priests==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I just looked at [[Priests (Nova Roma)]] and it is a disaster. Compare it with [[Collegium Pontificum (Nova Roma)]] and you will note that we already have the tables set up elsewhere. All of this needs to be sorted out so that the tables exist in exactly one place. For example, we can include more information about the flaminates in [[Template:Table Flamines]], and then include that whole thing in the Priests page. With a  little planning we can create a system that uses [[Template:Global]] and [[Template:GlobalText]] so that we will only have to update this information in one place for all articles and all languages. (You can get an idea of how it works by looking at [[MMDCCLXI]] and [[FR:MMDCCLXI]] et cetera. They all include the magistrate info from one template. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 17:11, 8 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Well done! I'll look at all of the associated pages later and we can see if there are any things that we need to GLOBALIZE or that we need to link to the PORTAL. Ago tibi gratias! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 00:08, 9 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Latin plurals in English articles ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I noticed that you changed &amp;quot;praetores&amp;quot; (nom.pl. and acc.pl.) to &amp;quot;praetorii&amp;quot; (dat.sg.) in the &amp;quot;Lex Popillia senatoria&amp;quot; article. I know only a very tiny fraction of the Latin you know, but I am curious: isn't &amp;quot;praetor&amp;quot; third declension masculine? If so, wasn't &amp;quot;praetores&amp;quot; correct, as it was basically being used as the accusative plural in &amp;quot;They shall sublect...praetor[es]&amp;quot;? &amp;quot;Praetorii&amp;quot; being the dative singular, correct? Maximas gratias tibi ago for your great work!&lt;br /&gt;
:Salve Ahenobarbe. Permit me to answer for Lentulus. He changed ''praetor, praetoris'' 3rd declention meaning a praetor, to ''praetorius, praetorii'', 2nd declension meaning one who has been praetor. The nom. plural is ''praetorii''. A former censor is censorius etc. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 05:53, 27 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Move better than Create and Delete==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve Lentule, Looking over the delete requests, I see sometimes a MOVE would have been better than creating a new page and deleting the old one. For example, &amp;quot;Fasti Censorii (Nova Roma)&amp;quot; should have been moved to &amp;quot;Fasti censorii (Nova Roma)&amp;quot;. When you use delete and create, you also lose all of the old page history. If you can't do the move yourself, just contact me and I will do it. That is far simpler than using deletes. Also, a MOVE automatically leaves behind a redirect from the old title to the new one, so that links are not broken. I sometimes go through the redirects to fix the double redirects, but that is little trouble. Many thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 07:22, 29 October 2008 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Style Guide ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amice, I don't know if you saw, but some months ago I posted to [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NRWiki the NRWiki mailing list] some thoughts on the [[NovaRoma:Style Guide|style guide]], since it hadn't been discussed in years.  If you could review my comments there, as well as the examples I put in [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus/Sandbox|my sandbox]], I think it could really help in keeping up academic quality and professionalism in the wiki.  Plurimas gratias ago! -- [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus|Q·CAEC·MET·POST]] 02:44, 4 November 2009 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[[Mola salsa]]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Spelt]] or emmer? I think emmer, actually. It is made difficult by the many vernacular terms in our many languages. /\⁄\ |_  ⁄·\ 23:32, 15 January 2010 (CET)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User_talk:Gnaeus_Cornelius_Lentulus</id>
		<title>User talk:Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/User_talk:Gnaeus_Cornelius_Lentulus"/>
				<updated>2010-04-15T19:26:38Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: /* Copyright Expiration */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Template:Key Path Task Force}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cultus Task Force|Member}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Neptunus article==&lt;br /&gt;
 Cato rewrote the article with old, dated material material, Lentule can you give us the article after your last edit &amp;amp; without Cato's edits? There is really wrong info there...I'd read the latest study in Italian on this cultus...[[User:Marca Hortensia Maior|Marca Hortensia Maior]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Copyright Expiration==&lt;br /&gt;
Lentulus has the copyright for the Crapsey book expired? In the U.S it is the writer's life plus 70 years. What about Europe? Also Cato's articles need citations and are his photos ok? Meaning I upload mine via persmission of the Vroma archive.....&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Source for image?==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lentule, you uploaded [[:Image:Templum Concordiae.jpg|this image]] but did not cite a source. We need to be careful about copyright, so could you add the source to the image description and mention why you think it is safe to use? Many thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 02:26, 18 October 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Daily Photo==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve! You can't really edit Template:HU:DailyPhoto directly. It is created automatically every day, so any change you make will be lost. Instead, edit [[NovaRoma:DailyPhotoData]]. I think you can see how that page works... it holds the captions for every language. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 02:43, 19 March 2008 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==How to do a summary include==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve! I see that on the aedes Concordiae page, you are pulling in the whole article [[Concordia]]. That is fine, but I want to show you an alternative that you might like. This is how to bring in only part of an article, and then to have a link to the entire article. First, use &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; to mark the part of Concordia that you want to use. Instead of using '''&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{:Concordia}} &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;''' to bring in the whole article, use '''&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Include summary|Concordia}} &amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;'''. You will get just the part that you marked and there will be an automatic link to the entire article. We use this on all the Main Pages. Please feel free to use this or not, and if you have any trouble or questions, please contact me. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 02:30, 2 March 2008 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Please wait on the HU pages==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve Lentule! Please wait a bit before creating more HU pages. We have not created the HU namespace yet. So although it looks like you have pages in the HU namespace, you are actually creating pages in the MAIN namespace with titles that all befin &amp;quot;HU:&amp;quot;. I know it is a subtle difference, but an important one. For example, the templates that are globalized so that they work in all namespaces won't work for Hungarian because the Hungarian pages are not actually &amp;quot;in&amp;quot; an HU namespace. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 14:37, 21 December 2007 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Fourfold way==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve! Thank you for helping, but please remember to follow all steps of the Fourfold Way:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{:NovaRoma:Fourfold way}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 00:44, 14 November 2007 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Changes of Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve amice&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I saw that you have changed pages, you have redirect to Category:ES:Apparitores (Nova Roma) but Category:Apparitores (Nova Roma) have not languagebar and is not translated I think that we need first translate the pages before redirect other to it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 09:18, 11 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THe problem is the redirections to uninesistent pages......we need check before, put the language bar, and the templates for translation It helps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 20:12, 12 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Spaces ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
the original page was created with a space, after all pages create from it have the same space&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 20:14, 12 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Marcus Prometheus ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
this man must be advised that his nomen is unhistorical...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vale&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Marcus Curiatius Complutensis|Complutensis]] 08:41, 17 June 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Uncapping Latin words==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you for uncapping words in many articles. Please just add a little note in the summary, just &amp;quot;uncapping words&amp;quot; would be fine. Ago tibi gratias. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 05:47, 18 July 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Latin phrasebook==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please take note of [[Latin for e-mail]] [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 09:40, 22 July 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I think it is best to put things in just one place each. We should think of the phrase book as a kind of &amp;quot;walking around&amp;quot; guide. If we put in everything we can think of it will become too large to be useful. The e-mail page is a tutorial, but the additional things can be added at the end. I'll do that tomorrow afternoon, right after I give my exams. o.v.! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 11:29, 22 July 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Magyar translation please==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve Lentule! Could you please write here the translation of &amp;quot;Ancient Rome&amp;quot; in Magyar? It is so I can create a category under Category:Magyar. Many thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 05:45, 8 August 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Toga==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lets put your discussion of the development of the toga at [[Toga]]. Keep the images as thumbs please and add whatever references you can. Thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 15:09, 18 August 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Template==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lentule, let me put your position open and position not open templates together. We can use a little bit of logic and a parameter so that you will only need one. Also notice that for example [[Template:Year_magistracy_NR]] has logic built in so that it automatically says ''nemo'' when no office holder is specified. Actually, we have a lot of this kind of [[:Category:Templates|template]] already, we may already have one that you can use. Tell me where you want to use it and I'll tell you if we have a suitable one. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 16:40, 8 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Priests==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I just looked at [[Priests (Nova Roma)]] and it is a disaster. Compare it with [[Collegium Pontificum (Nova Roma)]] and you will note that we already have the tables set up elsewhere. All of this needs to be sorted out so that the tables exist in exactly one place. For example, we can include more information about the flaminates in [[Template:Table Flamines]], and then include that whole thing in the Priests page. With a  little planning we can create a system that uses [[Template:Global]] and [[Template:GlobalText]] so that we will only have to update this information in one place for all articles and all languages. (You can get an idea of how it works by looking at [[MMDCCLXI]] and [[FR:MMDCCLXI]] et cetera. They all include the magistrate info from one template. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 17:11, 8 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Well done! I'll look at all of the associated pages later and we can see if there are any things that we need to GLOBALIZE or that we need to link to the PORTAL. Ago tibi gratias! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 00:08, 9 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Latin plurals in English articles ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I noticed that you changed &amp;quot;praetores&amp;quot; (nom.pl. and acc.pl.) to &amp;quot;praetorii&amp;quot; (dat.sg.) in the &amp;quot;Lex Popillia senatoria&amp;quot; article. I know only a very tiny fraction of the Latin you know, but I am curious: isn't &amp;quot;praetor&amp;quot; third declension masculine? If so, wasn't &amp;quot;praetores&amp;quot; correct, as it was basically being used as the accusative plural in &amp;quot;They shall sublect...praetor[es]&amp;quot;? &amp;quot;Praetorii&amp;quot; being the dative singular, correct? Maximas gratias tibi ago for your great work!&lt;br /&gt;
:Salve Ahenobarbe. Permit me to answer for Lentulus. He changed ''praetor, praetoris'' 3rd declention meaning a praetor, to ''praetorius, praetorii'', 2nd declension meaning one who has been praetor. The nom. plural is ''praetorii''. A former censor is censorius etc. [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 05:53, 27 September 2008 (CEST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Move better than Create and Delete==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salve Lentule, Looking over the delete requests, I see sometimes a MOVE would have been better than creating a new page and deleting the old one. For example, &amp;quot;Fasti Censorii (Nova Roma)&amp;quot; should have been moved to &amp;quot;Fasti censorii (Nova Roma)&amp;quot;. When you use delete and create, you also lose all of the old page history. If you can't do the move yourself, just contact me and I will do it. That is far simpler than using deletes. Also, a MOVE automatically leaves behind a redirect from the old title to the new one, so that links are not broken. I sometimes go through the redirects to fix the double redirects, but that is little trouble. Many thanks! [[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]] 07:22, 29 October 2008 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Style Guide ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amice, I don't know if you saw, but some months ago I posted to [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NRWiki the NRWiki mailing list] some thoughts on the [[NovaRoma:Style Guide|style guide]], since it hadn't been discussed in years.  If you could review my comments there, as well as the examples I put in [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus/Sandbox|my sandbox]], I think it could really help in keeping up academic quality and professionalism in the wiki.  Plurimas gratias ago! -- [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus|Q·CAEC·MET·POST]] 02:44, 4 November 2009 (CET)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==[[Mola salsa]]==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Spelt]] or emmer? I think emmer, actually. It is made difficult by the many vernacular terms in our many languages. /\⁄\ |_  ⁄·\ 23:32, 15 January 2010 (CET)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Neptunus</id>
		<title>Neptunus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Neptunus"/>
				<updated>2010-04-15T19:21:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar | Neptunus }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Neptunus''' (Neptune) is the Roman God of the sea and still waters. His name is derived from the Etruscan Nepthuns. His major festival is the ''Neptunalia'', celebrated in ''[[Roman dates|Quintilis]]''.  For a time he was paired with Salacia, the goddess of the salt water. At an early date (899 BC) he was identified with Poseidon, when the Sibylline books ordered a lectisternium in his honour (Livy v. 13). In the earlier times it was the god Portunes or Fortunus who was thanked for naval victories, but Neptune supplanted him in this role by at least the first century BC when Sextus Pompeius called himself &amp;quot;son of Neptune&amp;quot;.   Neptune is associated as well with fresh water, as opposed to Oceanus, god of the world-ocean. Like Poseidon, Neptune was also worshipped by the Romans as a god of horses, under the name ''Neptune Equester'', patron of horse-racing.  The planet Neptune was named after the god, as its deep blue gas clouds gave early astronomers the impression of great oceans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As god of the sea, it is likely that Neptunus was also connected to merchants and to trade generally. He is also found in the first ''[[lectisternium]]'', mentioned with [[Mercurius]], which also gives credence to this connection with trade and merchants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Neptunus from Ostia courtesy of Vroma.jpg|right|frame]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Festivals==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Neptunalia===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ''Neptunalia'' is celebrated {{Jul 23}}. Very little is known about the celebrations that took place on this day, or about the cult which would have celebrated it. About the celebrations of the day, Fowler &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Fowler, W. W. The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic: An introduction to the study of the religion of the Romans (ISBN 1402148577)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; says that huts or booths of foliage were set up by the ''cultores'', but this only to protect those who came to worship Neptunus on that day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its placement in mid-Summer suggests also the connection with trade, particularly trade by sea, from an astronomical view. In light of the fact that the Moon is at its farthest distance from Earth at this time, waves would have been significantly less than at other times of the year, which would be favourable to any sea-based trade. This would have been an optimal time to propitiate Neptunus in the hopes that he would continue to keep the waves minimised, allowing easier and more successful trade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This also connects to agriculture. This festival is placed in enough time before the harvest to allow cultores to attempt to propitiate Neptunus such that, when the time comes, farmers will be able to harvest their crops successfully and use them at the markets to trade and barter. The favour of Neptunus would be essential to allow goods from other parts of the Mediterranean to reach Rome and all of Italy safely, something which the agricultural community of early Italy would have desired more than not.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Temples, Priests, and Cult==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just as there is little known about the ''Neptunalia'', there is just as little known about his cult at Rome and throughout Italy. There is no known priest of Neptunus as sponsored by the State (as, for example, the Flamines). &lt;br /&gt;
:During the Empire, there is evidence of ''un flamen'' at Henchir-Ouradi near Bizacena (modern Tunisia), ''sacerdotes Neptuni'' in Numidia , amd a ''cultor'' all from Africa, a ''sacerdos Neptuni'' at Corinth, and ''magistri Neptunales'' at Delos.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In popular religion Neptune protected men and women from dangers from the sea and lakes. And prayed to for ''salus'' - life, welfare and ''incolumitas'' - safety. Yet as the god of moving and still waters,  he was also worshiped on the inland of Italy as numerous examples of epigpraphy attest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was also called upon by farmers so the running waters, streams, rivers,would not dry out during the hot season of summer and by fishermen. His epithets were ''Pater'' -venerable, ''Adiutor'' - helper, ''Redux'' - who brings men back. He  probably was also seen as a god who promoted vegetation, and during Imperial times, called upon for sea victories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Neptune, unlike Greek Poseidon was never associated with horses, though his inland worshipers may have associated him with fruitfulness ''pythalmios'' and earthquakes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Epigraphy==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{CIL|III|13400}} Pannonia Superior:&lt;br /&gt;
''Neptuno et Nymphis pro Cassia Clementilla''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Arnaldi, Ricerche Storico-Epigraphiche sul Culto di 'Neptunus' p. 224-5.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Roman Gods]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance</id>
		<title>Victims of religious intolerance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance"/>
				<updated>2010-01-29T04:59:41Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is an ongoing work of Pagan Heroes and Martyrs. Please add the name, date and short biographical sketch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Anatolius, Governor of Anatolia, secret pagan, tortured, torn by wild animals, crucified, martryed under Emperor Tiberius II&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Apollonius of Tyana (15- 100 C.E)  Greek Pythagorean philosopher-god &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Celsus&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Damascius  last scholarch of Athens, persecuted under Justianian. Wrote Life of Isidore&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Diogenes of Oenoanda, (2nd century C.E.)   Epicurean benefactor who built a portico engraved with Epicurus' teachings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Elissaios, secret pagan, outwardly Jewish he was a secret pagan and teacher of Plethon&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Hierocles of Alexandria, hero and martyr  Pythagorean and NeoPlatonist, author of the Commentary on the Golden Verses on Pythagoras. Tortured&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Hypatia (approx 350-415 C.E.)  Mathematician and philosopher, murdered in Alexandria by a Christian crowd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Georgius Gemistus, philosopher known as Plethon    &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Plotinus&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Vettius Agorius Praetextus&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance</id>
		<title>Victims of religious intolerance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance"/>
				<updated>2010-01-29T03:34:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is an ongoing work of Pagan Heroes and Martyrs. Please add the name, date and short biographical sketch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anatolius, Governor of Anatolia, secret pagan martryed under Emperor Justianian&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Apollonius of Tyana (15- 100 C.E) hero Greek Pythagorean philosopher&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Damascius  last scholarch of Athens, persecuted under Justianian. Wrote Life of Isidore&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Diogenes of Oenoanda, (2nd century C.E.)  hero Epicurean benefactor who built a portico engraved with Epicurus' teachings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Elissaios, hero, outwardly Jewish he was a secret pagan and teacher of Pletho&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Hierocles of Alexandria, hero and martyr  Pythagorean and NeoPlatonist, author of the Commentary on the Golden Verses on Pythagoras. Tortured&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Hypatia (approx 350-415 C.E.)  Mathematician and philosopher, murdered in Alexandria by a Christian crowd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Pletho    hero, also known as Plethon&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Plotinus&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance</id>
		<title>Victims of religious intolerance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Victims_of_religious_intolerance"/>
				<updated>2010-01-29T03:19:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: New page: This is an ongoing work of Pagan Heroes and Martyrs. Please add the name, date and short biographical sketch.  Anatolius, Governor of Anatolia, secret pagan martryed under Emperor Justiani...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is an ongoing work of Pagan Heroes and Martyrs. Please add the name, date and short biographical sketch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anatolius, Governor of Anatolia, secret pagan martryed under Emperor Justianian&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Apollonius of Tyana (15- 100 C.E) hero Greek Pythagorean philosopher&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Elissaios, hero, outwardly Jewish he was a secret pagan and teacher of Pletho&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Hierocles of Alexandria &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Hypatia (approx 350-415 C.E.)  Mathematician and philosopher, murdered in Alexandria by a Christian crowd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Pletho    hero, also known as Plethon&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Plotinus&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Election_MMDCCLXII_(Nova_Roma)/Marca_Hortensia_Maior</id>
		<title>Election MMDCCLXII (Nova Roma)/Marca Hortensia Maior</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Election_MMDCCLXII_(Nova_Roma)/Marca_Hortensia_Maior"/>
				<updated>2009-11-09T03:22:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: New page: Equestria Iunia Laeca candidata praetrix Marca Hortensia Maior candidata praetrix Quiritibus salutem plurimam dicit  Salvete Quirites!  We stand before you today to present ourselves as a ...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Equestria Iunia Laeca candidata praetrix Marca Hortensia Maior&lt;br /&gt;
candidata praetrix Quiritibus salutem plurimam dicit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salvete Quirites!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We stand before you today to present ourselves as a joined candidacy&lt;br /&gt;
for the praetura.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I, Equestria Iunia Laeca, reside in Provincia Nova Britannia and have&lt;br /&gt;
been a citizen since 2755 auc (2002 CE). Currently, I serve as Nova&lt;br /&gt;
Roma's Chief Financial Officer et Curatrix Aerarii, Senatrix, and&lt;br /&gt;
Legata Regio Connecticut. I have previously served as Accensa L.&lt;br /&gt;
Arminio Ti. Galerio cos; Consularis Quaestrix M. Moravio T. Iulio cos;&lt;br /&gt;
Praefectus and Scriba Propraetoris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I, Marca Hortensia Maior, reside in Provincia Am. Austrorientalis.&lt;br /&gt;
Since becoming a citizen in 2756 auc (2003 CE), I have served twice as&lt;br /&gt;
scriba Censoris K. Fabius Buteo Quintilianus et K. Fabius Buteo&lt;br /&gt;
Modianus, Propraetrix of Hibernia, Tribune, Aedilis Plebis, Quaestrix&lt;br /&gt;
P. Memmius Albucius, Lictrix, and currently, as Senatrix. I am also&lt;br /&gt;
very active within the Religio Romana, serving in the capacity of both&lt;br /&gt;
Sacerdos Mentis and Flaminica Carmentalis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have worked harmoniously on many occasions in the past, and have&lt;br /&gt;
formed a mutual respect for each other's diligence, legal competency,&lt;br /&gt;
and analytical abilities. Individually, we each possess the skills&lt;br /&gt;
and experience necessary to perform the requisite duties of the&lt;br /&gt;
praetura. However, by making practical use of each other's strengths&lt;br /&gt;
and talents, we combine into an even stronger, more efficient and&lt;br /&gt;
effective team.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, Laeca's quiet tenacity is the balance for Maior's&lt;br /&gt;
passionate debates. Laeca's ability as CFO, her righting Nova Roma's&lt;br /&gt;
financial accounts, and her defending us against lawsuit threats is&lt;br /&gt;
matched by Maior's long and varied experience as a magistrate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have long term excellent relationships with K. Fabius Buteo&lt;br /&gt;
Quintilianus et P. Memmius Albucius; T. Iulius Sabinus; M. Valeria&lt;br /&gt;
Messallina and other distinguished, dedicated citizens including&lt;br /&gt;
future Tribunes, M. Moravius Piscinus, C. Curius Saturninus, M.&lt;br /&gt;
Octavius Corvus, C. Aquillius Rota and C. Petronius Dexter. This&lt;br /&gt;
provides the cooperative teamwork required for a strong unified Nova&lt;br /&gt;
Roma that can work effectively and productively without constant&lt;br /&gt;
argument. We are preparing plans for a joint shared cohors, as this&lt;br /&gt;
makes for efficient and good governance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fora will be maintained in a fair and consistent manner so that&lt;br /&gt;
they remain civil and friendly places where everyone feels comfortable&lt;br /&gt;
to contribute and learn. As the center of our community, the main&lt;br /&gt;
forum will not be allowed to degenerate into an unfriendly or even&lt;br /&gt;
hostile atmosphere, regardless of the topic being discussed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We both possess real knowledge of both macro and roman law acquired&lt;br /&gt;
not only from our academic and professional lives, but also our&lt;br /&gt;
extensive experience working within Nova Roma. We have both gladly&lt;br /&gt;
given our time and focused our efforts on preserving and protecting&lt;br /&gt;
Nova Roma from external legal challenges, as well as those within the&lt;br /&gt;
res publica. We are doers; both in the macro world and in Nova Roma.&lt;br /&gt;
Our record for our activity and results speak for themselves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If elected praetrices, we will perform our duties to the best of our&lt;br /&gt;
abilities, both individually and as a team, in service to the citizens&lt;br /&gt;
of Nova Roma. We pledge peace, unity and respect; Vote for us; for&lt;br /&gt;
Pax in Nova Roma. May Fortuna and the gods favour us; and protect&lt;br /&gt;
Nova Roma!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Election_MMDCCLXII_(Nova_Roma)/Equestria_Iunia_Laeca</id>
		<title>Election MMDCCLXII (Nova Roma)/Equestria Iunia Laeca</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Election_MMDCCLXII_(Nova_Roma)/Equestria_Iunia_Laeca"/>
				<updated>2009-11-09T03:22:18Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: New page: Equestria Iunia Laeca candidata praetrix Marca Hortensia Maior candidata praetrix Quiritibus salutem plurimam dicit  Salvete Quirites!  We stand before you today to present ourselves as a ...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Equestria Iunia Laeca candidata praetrix Marca Hortensia Maior&lt;br /&gt;
candidata praetrix Quiritibus salutem plurimam dicit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salvete Quirites!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We stand before you today to present ourselves as a joined candidacy&lt;br /&gt;
for the praetura.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I, Equestria Iunia Laeca, reside in Provincia Nova Britannia and have&lt;br /&gt;
been a citizen since 2755 auc (2002 CE). Currently, I serve as Nova&lt;br /&gt;
Roma's Chief Financial Officer et Curatrix Aerarii, Senatrix, and&lt;br /&gt;
Legata Regio Connecticut. I have previously served as Accensa L.&lt;br /&gt;
Arminio Ti. Galerio cos; Consularis Quaestrix M. Moravio T. Iulio cos;&lt;br /&gt;
Praefectus and Scriba Propraetoris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I, Marca Hortensia Maior, reside in Provincia Am. Austrorientalis.&lt;br /&gt;
Since becoming a citizen in 2756 auc (2003 CE), I have served twice as&lt;br /&gt;
scriba Censoris K. Fabius Buteo Quintilianus et K. Fabius Buteo&lt;br /&gt;
Modianus, Propraetrix of Hibernia, Tribune, Aedilis Plebis, Quaestrix&lt;br /&gt;
P. Memmius Albucius, Lictrix, and currently, as Senatrix. I am also&lt;br /&gt;
very active within the Religio Romana, serving in the capacity of both&lt;br /&gt;
Sacerdos Mentis and Flaminica Carmentalis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have worked harmoniously on many occasions in the past, and have&lt;br /&gt;
formed a mutual respect for each other's diligence, legal competency,&lt;br /&gt;
and analytical abilities. Individually, we each possess the skills&lt;br /&gt;
and experience necessary to perform the requisite duties of the&lt;br /&gt;
praetura. However, by making practical use of each other's strengths&lt;br /&gt;
and talents, we combine into an even stronger, more efficient and&lt;br /&gt;
effective team.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, Laeca's quiet tenacity is the balance for Maior's&lt;br /&gt;
passionate debates. Laeca's ability as CFO, her righting Nova Roma's&lt;br /&gt;
financial accounts, and her defending us against lawsuit threats is&lt;br /&gt;
matched by Maior's long and varied experience as a magistrate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have long term excellent relationships with K. Fabius Buteo&lt;br /&gt;
Quintilianus et P. Memmius Albucius; T. Iulius Sabinus; M. Valeria&lt;br /&gt;
Messallina and other distinguished, dedicated citizens including&lt;br /&gt;
future Tribunes, M. Moravius Piscinus, C. Curius Saturninus, M.&lt;br /&gt;
Octavius Corvus, C. Aquillius Rota and C. Petronius Dexter. This&lt;br /&gt;
provides the cooperative teamwork required for a strong unified Nova&lt;br /&gt;
Roma that can work effectively and productively without constant&lt;br /&gt;
argument. We are preparing plans for a joint shared cohors, as this&lt;br /&gt;
makes for efficient and good governance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fora will be maintained in a fair and consistent manner so that&lt;br /&gt;
they remain civil and friendly places where everyone feels comfortable&lt;br /&gt;
to contribute and learn. As the center of our community, the main&lt;br /&gt;
forum will not be allowed to degenerate into an unfriendly or even&lt;br /&gt;
hostile atmosphere, regardless of the topic being discussed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We both possess real knowledge of both macro and roman law acquired&lt;br /&gt;
not only from our academic and professional lives, but also our&lt;br /&gt;
extensive experience working within Nova Roma. We have both gladly&lt;br /&gt;
given our time and focused our efforts on preserving and protecting&lt;br /&gt;
Nova Roma from external legal challenges, as well as those within the&lt;br /&gt;
res publica. We are doers; both in the macro world and in Nova Roma.&lt;br /&gt;
Our record for our activity and results speak for themselves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If elected praetrices, we will perform our duties to the best of our&lt;br /&gt;
abilities, both individually and as a team, in service to the citizens&lt;br /&gt;
of Nova Roma. We pledge peace, unity and respect; Vote for us; for&lt;br /&gt;
Pax in Nova Roma. May Fortuna and the gods favour us; and protect&lt;br /&gt;
Nova Roma!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Centuriata_candidates_MMDCCLXII/Marca_Hortensia_Maior</id>
		<title>Centuriata candidates MMDCCLXII/Marca Hortensia Maior</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Centuriata_candidates_MMDCCLXII/Marca_Hortensia_Maior"/>
				<updated>2009-11-09T03:21:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: New page: Equestria Iunia Laeca candidata praetrix Marca Hortensia Maior candidata praetrix Quiritibus salutem plurimam dicit  Salvete Quirites!  We stand before you today to present ourselves as a ...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Equestria Iunia Laeca candidata praetrix Marca Hortensia Maior&lt;br /&gt;
candidata praetrix Quiritibus salutem plurimam dicit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Salvete Quirites!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We stand before you today to present ourselves as a joined candidacy&lt;br /&gt;
for the praetura.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I, Equestria Iunia Laeca, reside in Provincia Nova Britannia and have&lt;br /&gt;
been a citizen since 2755 auc (2002 CE). Currently, I serve as Nova&lt;br /&gt;
Roma's Chief Financial Officer et Curatrix Aerarii, Senatrix, and&lt;br /&gt;
Legata Regio Connecticut. I have previously served as Accensa L.&lt;br /&gt;
Arminio Ti. Galerio cos; Consularis Quaestrix M. Moravio T. Iulio cos;&lt;br /&gt;
Praefectus and Scriba Propraetoris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I, Marca Hortensia Maior, reside in Provincia Am. Austrorientalis.&lt;br /&gt;
Since becoming a citizen in 2756 auc (2003 CE), I have served twice as&lt;br /&gt;
scriba Censoris K. Fabius Buteo Quintilianus et K. Fabius Buteo&lt;br /&gt;
Modianus, Propraetrix of Hibernia, Tribune, Aedilis Plebis, Quaestrix&lt;br /&gt;
P. Memmius Albucius, Lictrix, and currently, as Senatrix. I am also&lt;br /&gt;
very active within the Religio Romana, serving in the capacity of both&lt;br /&gt;
Sacerdos Mentis and Flaminica Carmentalis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have worked harmoniously on many occasions in the past, and have&lt;br /&gt;
formed a mutual respect for each other's diligence, legal competency,&lt;br /&gt;
and analytical abilities. Individually, we each possess the skills&lt;br /&gt;
and experience necessary to perform the requisite duties of the&lt;br /&gt;
praetura. However, by making practical use of each other's strengths&lt;br /&gt;
and talents, we combine into an even stronger, more efficient and&lt;br /&gt;
effective team.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, Laeca's quiet tenacity is the balance for Maior's&lt;br /&gt;
passionate debates. Laeca's ability as CFO, her righting Nova Roma's&lt;br /&gt;
financial accounts, and her defending us against lawsuit threats is&lt;br /&gt;
matched by Maior's long and varied experience as a magistrate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have long term excellent relationships with K. Fabius Buteo&lt;br /&gt;
Quintilianus et P. Memmius Albucius; T. Iulius Sabinus; M. Valeria&lt;br /&gt;
Messallina and other distinguished, dedicated citizens including&lt;br /&gt;
future Tribunes, M. Moravius Piscinus, C. Curius Saturninus, M.&lt;br /&gt;
Octavius Corvus, C. Aquillius Rota and C. Petronius Dexter. This&lt;br /&gt;
provides the cooperative teamwork required for a strong unified Nova&lt;br /&gt;
Roma that can work effectively and productively without constant&lt;br /&gt;
argument. We are preparing plans for a joint shared cohors, as this&lt;br /&gt;
makes for efficient and good governance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fora will be maintained in a fair and consistent manner so that&lt;br /&gt;
they remain civil and friendly places where everyone feels comfortable&lt;br /&gt;
to contribute and learn. As the center of our community, the main&lt;br /&gt;
forum will not be allowed to degenerate into an unfriendly or even&lt;br /&gt;
hostile atmosphere, regardless of the topic being discussed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We both possess real knowledge of both macro and roman law acquired&lt;br /&gt;
not only from our academic and professional lives, but also our&lt;br /&gt;
extensive experience working within Nova Roma. We have both gladly&lt;br /&gt;
given our time and focused our efforts on preserving and protecting&lt;br /&gt;
Nova Roma from external legal challenges, as well as those within the&lt;br /&gt;
res publica. We are doers; both in the macro world and in Nova Roma.&lt;br /&gt;
Our record for our activity and results speak for themselves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If elected praetrices, we will perform our duties to the best of our&lt;br /&gt;
abilities, both individually and as a team, in service to the citizens&lt;br /&gt;
of Nova Roma. We pledge peace, unity and respect; Vote for us; for&lt;br /&gt;
Pax in Nova Roma. May Fortuna and the gods favour us; and protect&lt;br /&gt;
Nova Roma!&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Saturnalia_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Saturnalia (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Saturnalia_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2009-11-05T21:59:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: /* Bringing Wine &amp;amp; Cakes */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Saturnalia (Nova Roma)}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This article is about Saturnalia practices in [[Nova Roma]]. For the ancient holiday, see [[Saturnalia]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Saturnalia]] falls at the time when non-Romans are celebrating Christmas, Hanukkah, Solstice and/or Kwanzaa. In Nova Roma, individual citizens have chosen different approaches to the challenge of celebrating in the spirit of Rome without cutting themselves off from the culture in which they live.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This page is a compilation of Saturnalia celebrations reported by Nova Romans.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Astore}}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Roman decorations and celebrations===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Secunda Floria Zonara (Nova Roma)|Secunda Floria Zonara]]: Gold, because the sun is yellow, is always a sure choice for a good Saturnalia decoration. For modern Saturnalia, those golden glass ball ornaments are ideal, as are gold sun faces, gold stars, and gilded anythings. Gilding nuts and pine cones and nestling them among the swags and wreaths of greenery would be a lovely way of acknowledging the ancient roots of this ceremony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indoor trees are not ancient Roman, but if you have plants growing indoors, decorating them would certainly be in the spirit of the holidays. If you just have to have the now-traditional indoor tree, try decorating it in gold ornaments with a solar theme. Swathe it in bright red or purple ribbons (2 colors quite in favor with the Romans, and looks great with the gold ornaments). Top the tree with a sun, rather than a star, for after all, this is a solar celebration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wild parties with lots of food and drink is good. Letting the children of the household lead the common rituals, and waiting on them (assuming you don't do so in everyday circumstances....) at mealtimes, and deferring to them in decisions on party ideas would work for role reversals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
No children in the house? Maybe you can borrow one for a day. We don't have slaves, but, for a nice touch of role reversal, we could purchase the services of a nanny or a housekeeper for the duration of Saturnalia. It would be a role reversal of sorts, for instead of being the slave of your home, someone else would be doing the chores and cooking and childcare while you got to party down!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dancing and singing in the streets is now frowned upon, unless you can get a parade permit. A parade, if you could organize it, would be fun. Imagine - giant floats of the Gods tended by the priests and acolytes, musicians and dancers, contortionists to amaze and delight, acrobats and jugglers, all in honor of Saturn!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style={{Sidebar}}&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Gift Ideas==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Fasti&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Ovid&lt;br /&gt;
| date=2000&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Penguin&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0140446907&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=A Taste of Ancient Rome&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Ilaria Gozzini Giacosa&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1994&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0226290328&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Excellent and very usable dishes from [[Apicius]] and other Romans.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Roman Cookery: Ancient Recipes for Modern Kitchens&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Mark Grant&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback. Informative, entertaining and cook-able recipes from around the Roman world, excluding Apicius.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Ashen Sky: The Letters of Pliny The Younger on the Eruption of Vesuvius&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Pliny &lt;br /&gt;
| date=September 17, 2007&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Getty Trust Publications: J. Paul Getty Museum&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0892369000&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardcover, 40 pages. This slim volume features Barry Moser engravings.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Silver Sonya by Meredith Bragg (Performer)&lt;br /&gt;
| company=&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B00108YGRY&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=CD containing the song ''Plinian'', as featured on the [[Vox Romana]] podcast #6. Singing and acoustic guitar by Meredith Bragg. The other songs on this CD are just as literate as ''Plinian''. Much of the CD seems inspired by ruminations on classical studies. SPIN magazine has [http://www.spin.com/articles/meredith-braggs-plinian-eruption a review] and a [http://www.spin.com/audio/meredith-bragg/plinian download of ''Plinian''].&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Roman Coliseum Building Block Set&lt;br /&gt;
| company=HABA &lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000A0VY4G&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=HABA has a number of architectural sets based on Roman and classical themes.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=An Introduction to Roman Religion&lt;br /&gt;
| author=John Scheid, Janet Lloyd (Translator) &lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0253216605&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=This is an English translation of the book ''La Religion des Romains'' (ISBN 2200263775) . This book is a must for all those who wish to know what the Religio Romana was and how it was practiced. It is written in the form of a manual, a small booklet very easy to read, with lots of notes, quotations and illustrations.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=6' Pre-Lit Holiday Sugared Fruit Garland With Clear Lights&lt;br /&gt;
| company=&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000X8YFGO&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Ancient Roman Glass Pendant with Cut Out Wire Design Pendant&lt;br /&gt;
| company= West Coast Jewelry&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000W936SW&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Glass is 19mm across.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=&lt;br /&gt;
| author=&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}} &lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=&lt;br /&gt;
| company= &lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===One present each day===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Lucia Iulia Aquila (Nova Roma)|L. Iulia Aquila]]: My family, like those of yours, has its own traditions for the festival. The daily gifting of one small thoughtful and useful present each day is a loving reminder of the season culminating with a few extra on the last day. This holiday has many variations because the traditions handed down are dependent on so many variables and often are reminiscent of many eras. In addition, in the past, they blended in to some degree on the surface with other Holidays, for example Chanukah (a little later this year) and Christmas. This only served to make our Saturnalia even richer as we shared with our friends of different religions the merriment and joy but also the great sense of the sacred and this we all have in common no matter what our beliefs are. And the tales and lore of different cultures and religions enriched us all. The games, the decorations, the lights and candles delighted us all. Every evening meal was a little special and often attended by guests of our brotherhood and those in their employ with special feasts on such days as the ''Bacchanalia'' of the Solstice; 20th century Roman feasts. The feasts extended to the eve of the 24th and day of the 25th; on the 25th we awoke just knowing this great elf called Santa Claus brought gifts to us in celebration of ''Dies Natalis Solis Invicti'', the birth of the unconquered sun, brought forward from my strong paternal military lineage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Mi amice'', this is my small and humble offering for your enjoyment and it is my sincerest wish that this season brings you peace, prosperity and love for you and your family: Oh Saturn, oldest and noblest king, hear my sincerest prayer for your Nova Roman people for peace, prosperity and love but also sow your generative seed for the strength, fortitude and understanding to make great strides in progress for growth within the ''res publica''. ''Pax hominibus bonae voluntatis!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bringing Wine &amp;amp; Cakes===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Marca Hortensia Maior (Nova Roma)|M. Hortensia Maior]]&lt;br /&gt;
I'm making Mulsum and honey cakes for my Latin class and friends. Another person is bringing &amp;quot;Synaulia&amp;quot; ancient Roman music CD's. We're meeting at a pizzeria so I think this is fun and not too much to do.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mulsum Recipe:&lt;br /&gt;
add 200 ML of honey to a bottle of white wine, chill and let the flavours marry for a few days. Then  serve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Dog's world turned upside-down===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: Since the festival runs for seven days, I plan to do something wild on each day. Unfortunately I have to work, but I plan on spreading good cheer throughout the office by wearing loud clothes (well...more loud than usual) and a different Renaissance hat each day (have lots from the Ren Fairres). I usually feed my dog after I have had dinner...so during that week, little Artemis will receive her food first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oh, and I'm trying to work in an orgy ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bacchus and books===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Quintus Fabius Maximus (Nova Roma)|Q. Fabius Maximus]]: Since most of my friends know I'm a Roman Historian, I got:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The World of Josephus&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Beyond the Inhabited World. Life beyond the Limes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Caesar against the Celts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;War and Imperialism in Republican Rome.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Training the Roman Cavalry&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Agricola and Roman Britain&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I also got some Byzantine books and Xenophon's novel &amp;quot;Cyropaedia&amp;quot; (Life of Cyrus the Great.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Friends who came to my party brought not one, not two, but 3 Bacchuses!! Statues, that is. I also got a HUGE plaque of the Forum in relief, 62&amp;quot; x 40&amp;quot; as a gift.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saturnalia with a little girl===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Amethystia Iunia Crystallina (Nova Roma)|Amethystia Iunia Crystallina]]: You'll have to forgive me, but this is really the first Saturnalia that I have either *cared* about or been allowed to do what I wanted for the Saturnalia. I am just so excited I am probably going to go nuts and share every minute.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Last night I got things ready for this first Saturnalia morning. I gave the house special attention in cleaning and went into the kids' (I think of it as 'their' room, even though Lapis will not be born until February and both of them will be sleeping with me, for a while anyway) playroom closet to pick out the gift Terry would get this morning. I decided on her dry-erase board and markers from me and the puzzle book my mother sent for her.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I put the board and the markers out, kept the puzzle book apart, so she wouldn't get overwhelmed and tried to sleep. Terry woke me at 8 with her usual happy talk and demands for juice. She got out of bed and drank and wandered into the living room, where she discovered her present. She drew on the board and herself (I showed her how to draw on the board, she showed herself the other). I brought out the puzzle book, and showed her how it worked. She is having the time of her little life, which is all the gift I could ever want!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We aren't rich, but I wanted *her* to feel rich, if only for one week.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Friday, the second day of Saturnalia, brought Terry her talking Winnie the Pooh book. She liked it so much I had to pack it in the diaper bag when we went to the senior center. I dressed her in winter white -- a pair of pants and a nice top all winter white with a sort of leafy pattern in gold on it. I put her hair in a pony tail and tied it with a scrap of golden material I made into a nice hair ribbon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Terry was a wonderful hit at the senior center!! She walked to every table and looked and smiled at everyone. I think this will be a nice tradition for us every year. The local eighth-graders came to sing carols to the seniors and Terry looked with rapt attention as they sang. She, as usual, fought her nap (but she was surrounded by her subjects, allplaying Hail Toddler, so it is sort of understandable)...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Out of 9 days, Terry receives presents on 8 (must be nice, huh?).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Relinquishing the boss's role===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Quintus Fabius Maximus (Nova Roma)|Q. Fabius Maximus]]: Tomorrow and Friday, Bandwagon Productions will be run by the assistants. Hopefully, we will lose no major deals because of this. However, my assistants love this holiday now. Monday I have a big meeting, so it's only for two days, this year. My partners think I am crazy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Red and gold===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mia''': We've decorated everything in red and gold, since we pretty much celebrate this as a strictly and directly solar holiday. We have a gold star at the top of our tree-wannabe, but we reason that the sun is, after all, a star, and it was a good $5 cheaper than the sunburst-style tree topper. It all seems to fit nicely into the Saturnalia theme too.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My husband is all in favor of getting some wine and starting Saturnalia out on the right foot... I am more in favor of him taking me out to a restaurant. :)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Circle of Saturn===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: As the Muse would have it, I was sitting around thinking of a way to acknowledge each of the days of the Saturnalia festival. Being of the modern age with our Pagan-unfriendly bosses making us work during this Festive Holiday and scrambling to buy gifts for both Pagan and non-Pagan friends and family, how can we take a few moments to honor each day of the Saturnalia, whether or not we plan festivities for the whole week?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Well...I came up with this. I went to the store after work and bought seven small candleholders. (The ones I bought are real seasonal. They are made of brass with little pine-cones, holly berries, and red ribbons tied around them). I also bought seven red candles. When I got home, I placed some pine branches (yes...left over from the Yule Log decorations) on my permanent altar where I do my meditations and prayers. Then I encircled the seven candle holders around the center of the altar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each day I plan to offer a prayer to Saturnus and Ops and light a candle for that day's festivities. It's kinda like a Pagan Menorah. At the end of the seven days, the Circle of Saturn will be completely ablaze.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Life, death and a Yule log===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: I went to one of the Tree Butcheries and asked for one of the trunks they may have cut off to size it for the picky families. It's a nice size log. So I brought it home and placed it on a bed of pine branches (also taken from the butchery). I adhered three candles to the log (one white, one red, and one green) to symbolize the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. I decorated the log and branches with red beads and lights.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is my Yule Log. Without a fire place to burn it traditionally, I thought the candles made an acceptable Neo-Pagan adaption. I'm planning a small ritual on December 22 where I will light the candles to remind me of the Sun's rebirth (white candle) and the promise of new beginnings and hope in the new year, the fulfillment of oaths and deeds during the year (the red candle...symbolizing the Sun at its zenith), and the time of meditation and contemplation (the green candle ...symbolizing the Sun at its rest, its return to the underworld).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Welcoming door===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Marcus Minucius Audens (Nova Roma)|M. Minucius Audens]]: As I understand it, most of the Saturnalia decorations are very much up to you (and your pocketbook) and a logical outlook on the season. The Yule Log, the tree, ornanments and decorations that today's Christians use were brought from elsewhere and are acceptable (except maybe for the angel at the top of the tree). Candles and candle decorations with bright colors, ribbons or strips of brightly colored cloth hung in decorative shapes. Decorative hangings and festive table decorations were well thought of. Don't forget the family shrine or gods, offerings of cakes and wine should be made and the decorations here should also reflect your house decorations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candles in the windows are supposed to be a New England idea, but I suspect that a candle(s) in the portico were used as luminaria are used many places today. Home made dishs of flower petals and buds with lingering aroma, put a pan of apple juice / cider on the stove to heat gently and use apple pie spice in the juice to give the house a wonderful odor. (Falernian wine heavily spiced is veryyyyyy good too.) I'm sure a half dozen of Venator's &amp;quot;Fire Cherries&amp;quot; will make you think more clearly than ever before (but reserve time for a nap later).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The house should be warm, with warm blankets or comforters at convenient places, and should smell good and should reflect your own festive ideas. When things all come together. You will &amp;quot;feel&amp;quot; that it is right. I like &amp;quot;one color themes&amp;quot; where blue, or red or silver predominate in a window scene or the decoration of a door.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One prominent door in my house is the &amp;quot;Greeting Door&amp;quot; where all the greetiings of Saturnalia are placed. Little incense cones burning at the shrine or in small decorative dishes around the house help with good smells. Evergreen and bright berries like holly and mistletoe, as well as any plants or trees in your area that smells or looks good. Our laurel here in Connecticut stays green all year and can be made into a nice decoration. Colored paper cut into nice designs can be used.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't forget the cookies and sweetbreads either, and try to make time to bake something every day. Most important is the enjoyment. You must schedule a time for just sitting and enjoying your decorated place be it a castle or a cave or anything in between, You should be the one to enjoy your creation the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Saturnalia.html Saturnalia] in Smith's Dictionary.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Commercial|Marcus Lucretius Agricola|Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa|Iulia Cassia Vegetia|Gaius Curius Saturninus}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religio Romana (Nova Roma)]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Saturnalia_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Saturnalia (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Saturnalia_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2009-11-05T21:58:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Saturnalia (Nova Roma)}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This article is about Saturnalia practices in [[Nova Roma]]. For the ancient holiday, see [[Saturnalia]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Saturnalia]] falls at the time when non-Romans are celebrating Christmas, Hanukkah, Solstice and/or Kwanzaa. In Nova Roma, individual citizens have chosen different approaches to the challenge of celebrating in the spirit of Rome without cutting themselves off from the culture in which they live.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This page is a compilation of Saturnalia celebrations reported by Nova Romans.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Astore}}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Roman decorations and celebrations===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Secunda Floria Zonara (Nova Roma)|Secunda Floria Zonara]]: Gold, because the sun is yellow, is always a sure choice for a good Saturnalia decoration. For modern Saturnalia, those golden glass ball ornaments are ideal, as are gold sun faces, gold stars, and gilded anythings. Gilding nuts and pine cones and nestling them among the swags and wreaths of greenery would be a lovely way of acknowledging the ancient roots of this ceremony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indoor trees are not ancient Roman, but if you have plants growing indoors, decorating them would certainly be in the spirit of the holidays. If you just have to have the now-traditional indoor tree, try decorating it in gold ornaments with a solar theme. Swathe it in bright red or purple ribbons (2 colors quite in favor with the Romans, and looks great with the gold ornaments). Top the tree with a sun, rather than a star, for after all, this is a solar celebration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wild parties with lots of food and drink is good. Letting the children of the household lead the common rituals, and waiting on them (assuming you don't do so in everyday circumstances....) at mealtimes, and deferring to them in decisions on party ideas would work for role reversals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
No children in the house? Maybe you can borrow one for a day. We don't have slaves, but, for a nice touch of role reversal, we could purchase the services of a nanny or a housekeeper for the duration of Saturnalia. It would be a role reversal of sorts, for instead of being the slave of your home, someone else would be doing the chores and cooking and childcare while you got to party down!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dancing and singing in the streets is now frowned upon, unless you can get a parade permit. A parade, if you could organize it, would be fun. Imagine - giant floats of the Gods tended by the priests and acolytes, musicians and dancers, contortionists to amaze and delight, acrobats and jugglers, all in honor of Saturn!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style={{Sidebar}}&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Gift Ideas==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Fasti&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Ovid&lt;br /&gt;
| date=2000&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Penguin&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0140446907&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=A Taste of Ancient Rome&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Ilaria Gozzini Giacosa&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1994&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0226290328&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Excellent and very usable dishes from [[Apicius]] and other Romans.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Roman Cookery: Ancient Recipes for Modern Kitchens&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Mark Grant&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback. Informative, entertaining and cook-able recipes from around the Roman world, excluding Apicius.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Ashen Sky: The Letters of Pliny The Younger on the Eruption of Vesuvius&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Pliny &lt;br /&gt;
| date=September 17, 2007&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Getty Trust Publications: J. Paul Getty Museum&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0892369000&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardcover, 40 pages. This slim volume features Barry Moser engravings.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Silver Sonya by Meredith Bragg (Performer)&lt;br /&gt;
| company=&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B00108YGRY&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=CD containing the song ''Plinian'', as featured on the [[Vox Romana]] podcast #6. Singing and acoustic guitar by Meredith Bragg. The other songs on this CD are just as literate as ''Plinian''. Much of the CD seems inspired by ruminations on classical studies. SPIN magazine has [http://www.spin.com/articles/meredith-braggs-plinian-eruption a review] and a [http://www.spin.com/audio/meredith-bragg/plinian download of ''Plinian''].&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Roman Coliseum Building Block Set&lt;br /&gt;
| company=HABA &lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000A0VY4G&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=HABA has a number of architectural sets based on Roman and classical themes.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=An Introduction to Roman Religion&lt;br /&gt;
| author=John Scheid, Janet Lloyd (Translator) &lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0253216605&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=This is an English translation of the book ''La Religion des Romains'' (ISBN 2200263775) . This book is a must for all those who wish to know what the Religio Romana was and how it was practiced. It is written in the form of a manual, a small booklet very easy to read, with lots of notes, quotations and illustrations.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=6' Pre-Lit Holiday Sugared Fruit Garland With Clear Lights&lt;br /&gt;
| company=&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000X8YFGO&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Ancient Roman Glass Pendant with Cut Out Wire Design Pendant&lt;br /&gt;
| company= West Coast Jewelry&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000W936SW&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Glass is 19mm across.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=&lt;br /&gt;
| author=&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}} &lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=&lt;br /&gt;
| company= &lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===One present each day===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Lucia Iulia Aquila (Nova Roma)|L. Iulia Aquila]]: My family, like those of yours, has its own traditions for the festival. The daily gifting of one small thoughtful and useful present each day is a loving reminder of the season culminating with a few extra on the last day. This holiday has many variations because the traditions handed down are dependent on so many variables and often are reminiscent of many eras. In addition, in the past, they blended in to some degree on the surface with other Holidays, for example Chanukah (a little later this year) and Christmas. This only served to make our Saturnalia even richer as we shared with our friends of different religions the merriment and joy but also the great sense of the sacred and this we all have in common no matter what our beliefs are. And the tales and lore of different cultures and religions enriched us all. The games, the decorations, the lights and candles delighted us all. Every evening meal was a little special and often attended by guests of our brotherhood and those in their employ with special feasts on such days as the ''Bacchanalia'' of the Solstice; 20th century Roman feasts. The feasts extended to the eve of the 24th and day of the 25th; on the 25th we awoke just knowing this great elf called Santa Claus brought gifts to us in celebration of ''Dies Natalis Solis Invicti'', the birth of the unconquered sun, brought forward from my strong paternal military lineage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Mi amice'', this is my small and humble offering for your enjoyment and it is my sincerest wish that this season brings you peace, prosperity and love for you and your family: Oh Saturn, oldest and noblest king, hear my sincerest prayer for your Nova Roman people for peace, prosperity and love but also sow your generative seed for the strength, fortitude and understanding to make great strides in progress for growth within the ''res publica''. ''Pax hominibus bonae voluntatis!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bringing Wine &amp;amp; Cakes===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Marca Hortensia (Nova Roma)|M. Hortensia Maior]]&lt;br /&gt;
I'm making Mulsum and honey cakes for my Latin class and friends. Another person is bringing &amp;quot;Synaulia&amp;quot; ancient Roman music CD's. We're meeting at a pizzeria so I think this is fun and not too much to do.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mulsum Recipe:&lt;br /&gt;
add 200 ML of honey to a bottle of white wine, chill and let the flavours marry for a few days. Then  serve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Dog's world turned upside-down===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: Since the festival runs for seven days, I plan to do something wild on each day. Unfortunately I have to work, but I plan on spreading good cheer throughout the office by wearing loud clothes (well...more loud than usual) and a different Renaissance hat each day (have lots from the Ren Fairres). I usually feed my dog after I have had dinner...so during that week, little Artemis will receive her food first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oh, and I'm trying to work in an orgy ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bacchus and books===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Quintus Fabius Maximus (Nova Roma)|Q. Fabius Maximus]]: Since most of my friends know I'm a Roman Historian, I got:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The World of Josephus&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Beyond the Inhabited World. Life beyond the Limes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Caesar against the Celts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;War and Imperialism in Republican Rome.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Training the Roman Cavalry&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Agricola and Roman Britain&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I also got some Byzantine books and Xenophon's novel &amp;quot;Cyropaedia&amp;quot; (Life of Cyrus the Great.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Friends who came to my party brought not one, not two, but 3 Bacchuses!! Statues, that is. I also got a HUGE plaque of the Forum in relief, 62&amp;quot; x 40&amp;quot; as a gift.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saturnalia with a little girl===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Amethystia Iunia Crystallina (Nova Roma)|Amethystia Iunia Crystallina]]: You'll have to forgive me, but this is really the first Saturnalia that I have either *cared* about or been allowed to do what I wanted for the Saturnalia. I am just so excited I am probably going to go nuts and share every minute.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Last night I got things ready for this first Saturnalia morning. I gave the house special attention in cleaning and went into the kids' (I think of it as 'their' room, even though Lapis will not be born until February and both of them will be sleeping with me, for a while anyway) playroom closet to pick out the gift Terry would get this morning. I decided on her dry-erase board and markers from me and the puzzle book my mother sent for her.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I put the board and the markers out, kept the puzzle book apart, so she wouldn't get overwhelmed and tried to sleep. Terry woke me at 8 with her usual happy talk and demands for juice. She got out of bed and drank and wandered into the living room, where she discovered her present. She drew on the board and herself (I showed her how to draw on the board, she showed herself the other). I brought out the puzzle book, and showed her how it worked. She is having the time of her little life, which is all the gift I could ever want!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We aren't rich, but I wanted *her* to feel rich, if only for one week.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Friday, the second day of Saturnalia, brought Terry her talking Winnie the Pooh book. She liked it so much I had to pack it in the diaper bag when we went to the senior center. I dressed her in winter white -- a pair of pants and a nice top all winter white with a sort of leafy pattern in gold on it. I put her hair in a pony tail and tied it with a scrap of golden material I made into a nice hair ribbon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Terry was a wonderful hit at the senior center!! She walked to every table and looked and smiled at everyone. I think this will be a nice tradition for us every year. The local eighth-graders came to sing carols to the seniors and Terry looked with rapt attention as they sang. She, as usual, fought her nap (but she was surrounded by her subjects, allplaying Hail Toddler, so it is sort of understandable)...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Out of 9 days, Terry receives presents on 8 (must be nice, huh?).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Relinquishing the boss's role===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Quintus Fabius Maximus (Nova Roma)|Q. Fabius Maximus]]: Tomorrow and Friday, Bandwagon Productions will be run by the assistants. Hopefully, we will lose no major deals because of this. However, my assistants love this holiday now. Monday I have a big meeting, so it's only for two days, this year. My partners think I am crazy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Red and gold===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mia''': We've decorated everything in red and gold, since we pretty much celebrate this as a strictly and directly solar holiday. We have a gold star at the top of our tree-wannabe, but we reason that the sun is, after all, a star, and it was a good $5 cheaper than the sunburst-style tree topper. It all seems to fit nicely into the Saturnalia theme too.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My husband is all in favor of getting some wine and starting Saturnalia out on the right foot... I am more in favor of him taking me out to a restaurant. :)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Circle of Saturn===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: As the Muse would have it, I was sitting around thinking of a way to acknowledge each of the days of the Saturnalia festival. Being of the modern age with our Pagan-unfriendly bosses making us work during this Festive Holiday and scrambling to buy gifts for both Pagan and non-Pagan friends and family, how can we take a few moments to honor each day of the Saturnalia, whether or not we plan festivities for the whole week?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Well...I came up with this. I went to the store after work and bought seven small candleholders. (The ones I bought are real seasonal. They are made of brass with little pine-cones, holly berries, and red ribbons tied around them). I also bought seven red candles. When I got home, I placed some pine branches (yes...left over from the Yule Log decorations) on my permanent altar where I do my meditations and prayers. Then I encircled the seven candle holders around the center of the altar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each day I plan to offer a prayer to Saturnus and Ops and light a candle for that day's festivities. It's kinda like a Pagan Menorah. At the end of the seven days, the Circle of Saturn will be completely ablaze.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Life, death and a Yule log===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: I went to one of the Tree Butcheries and asked for one of the trunks they may have cut off to size it for the picky families. It's a nice size log. So I brought it home and placed it on a bed of pine branches (also taken from the butchery). I adhered three candles to the log (one white, one red, and one green) to symbolize the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. I decorated the log and branches with red beads and lights.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is my Yule Log. Without a fire place to burn it traditionally, I thought the candles made an acceptable Neo-Pagan adaption. I'm planning a small ritual on December 22 where I will light the candles to remind me of the Sun's rebirth (white candle) and the promise of new beginnings and hope in the new year, the fulfillment of oaths and deeds during the year (the red candle...symbolizing the Sun at its zenith), and the time of meditation and contemplation (the green candle ...symbolizing the Sun at its rest, its return to the underworld).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Welcoming door===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Marcus Minucius Audens (Nova Roma)|M. Minucius Audens]]: As I understand it, most of the Saturnalia decorations are very much up to you (and your pocketbook) and a logical outlook on the season. The Yule Log, the tree, ornanments and decorations that today's Christians use were brought from elsewhere and are acceptable (except maybe for the angel at the top of the tree). Candles and candle decorations with bright colors, ribbons or strips of brightly colored cloth hung in decorative shapes. Decorative hangings and festive table decorations were well thought of. Don't forget the family shrine or gods, offerings of cakes and wine should be made and the decorations here should also reflect your house decorations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candles in the windows are supposed to be a New England idea, but I suspect that a candle(s) in the portico were used as luminaria are used many places today. Home made dishs of flower petals and buds with lingering aroma, put a pan of apple juice / cider on the stove to heat gently and use apple pie spice in the juice to give the house a wonderful odor. (Falernian wine heavily spiced is veryyyyyy good too.) I'm sure a half dozen of Venator's &amp;quot;Fire Cherries&amp;quot; will make you think more clearly than ever before (but reserve time for a nap later).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The house should be warm, with warm blankets or comforters at convenient places, and should smell good and should reflect your own festive ideas. When things all come together. You will &amp;quot;feel&amp;quot; that it is right. I like &amp;quot;one color themes&amp;quot; where blue, or red or silver predominate in a window scene or the decoration of a door.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One prominent door in my house is the &amp;quot;Greeting Door&amp;quot; where all the greetiings of Saturnalia are placed. Little incense cones burning at the shrine or in small decorative dishes around the house help with good smells. Evergreen and bright berries like holly and mistletoe, as well as any plants or trees in your area that smells or looks good. Our laurel here in Connecticut stays green all year and can be made into a nice decoration. Colored paper cut into nice designs can be used.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't forget the cookies and sweetbreads either, and try to make time to bake something every day. Most important is the enjoyment. You must schedule a time for just sitting and enjoying your decorated place be it a castle or a cave or anything in between, You should be the one to enjoy your creation the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Saturnalia.html Saturnalia] in Smith's Dictionary.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Commercial|Marcus Lucretius Agricola|Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa|Iulia Cassia Vegetia|Gaius Curius Saturninus}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religio Romana (Nova Roma)]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Saturnalia_(Nova_Roma)</id>
		<title>Saturnalia (Nova Roma)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Saturnalia_(Nova_Roma)"/>
				<updated>2009-11-05T21:56:24Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: /* Dog's world turned upside-down */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{LanguageBar|Saturnalia (Nova Roma)}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This article is about Saturnalia practices in [[Nova Roma]]. For the ancient holiday, see [[Saturnalia]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Saturnalia]] falls at the time when non-Romans are celebrating Christmas, Hanukkah, Solstice and/or Kwanzaa. In Nova Roma, individual citizens have chosen different approaches to the challenge of celebrating in the spirit of Rome without cutting themselves off from the culture in which they live.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This page is a compilation of Saturnalia celebrations reported by Nova Romans.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Astore}}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Roman decorations and celebrations===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Secunda Floria Zonara (Nova Roma)|Secunda Floria Zonara]]: Gold, because the sun is yellow, is always a sure choice for a good Saturnalia decoration. For modern Saturnalia, those golden glass ball ornaments are ideal, as are gold sun faces, gold stars, and gilded anythings. Gilding nuts and pine cones and nestling them among the swags and wreaths of greenery would be a lovely way of acknowledging the ancient roots of this ceremony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indoor trees are not ancient Roman, but if you have plants growing indoors, decorating them would certainly be in the spirit of the holidays. If you just have to have the now-traditional indoor tree, try decorating it in gold ornaments with a solar theme. Swathe it in bright red or purple ribbons (2 colors quite in favor with the Romans, and looks great with the gold ornaments). Top the tree with a sun, rather than a star, for after all, this is a solar celebration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wild parties with lots of food and drink is good. Letting the children of the household lead the common rituals, and waiting on them (assuming you don't do so in everyday circumstances....) at mealtimes, and deferring to them in decisions on party ideas would work for role reversals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
No children in the house? Maybe you can borrow one for a day. We don't have slaves, but, for a nice touch of role reversal, we could purchase the services of a nanny or a housekeeper for the duration of Saturnalia. It would be a role reversal of sorts, for instead of being the slave of your home, someone else would be doing the chores and cooking and childcare while you got to party down!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dancing and singing in the streets is now frowned upon, unless you can get a parade permit. A parade, if you could organize it, would be fun. Imagine - giant floats of the Gods tended by the priests and acolytes, musicians and dancers, contortionists to amaze and delight, acrobats and jugglers, all in honor of Saturn!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style={{Sidebar}}&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Gift Ideas==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Fasti&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Ovid&lt;br /&gt;
| date=2000&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Penguin&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0140446907&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=A Taste of Ancient Rome&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Ilaria Gozzini Giacosa&lt;br /&gt;
| date=1994&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0226290328&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Excellent and very usable dishes from [[Apicius]] and other Romans.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Roman Cookery: Ancient Recipes for Modern Kitchens&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Mark Grant&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Paperback. Informative, entertaining and cook-able recipes from around the Roman world, excluding Apicius.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=Ashen Sky: The Letters of Pliny The Younger on the Eruption of Vesuvius&lt;br /&gt;
| author=Pliny &lt;br /&gt;
| date=September 17, 2007&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=Getty Trust Publications: J. Paul Getty Museum&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0892369000&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Hardcover, 40 pages. This slim volume features Barry Moser engravings.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=[[User:M. Lucretius Agricola|Agricola]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Silver Sonya by Meredith Bragg (Performer)&lt;br /&gt;
| company=&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B00108YGRY&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=CD containing the song ''Plinian'', as featured on the [[Vox Romana]] podcast #6. Singing and acoustic guitar by Meredith Bragg. The other songs on this CD are just as literate as ''Plinian''. Much of the CD seems inspired by ruminations on classical studies. SPIN magazine has [http://www.spin.com/articles/meredith-braggs-plinian-eruption a review] and a [http://www.spin.com/audio/meredith-bragg/plinian download of ''Plinian''].&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Roman Coliseum Building Block Set&lt;br /&gt;
| company=HABA &lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000A0VY4G&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=HABA has a number of architectural sets based on Roman and classical themes.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=An Introduction to Roman Religion&lt;br /&gt;
| author=John Scheid, Janet Lloyd (Translator) &lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=0253216605&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=This is an English translation of the book ''La Religion des Romains'' (ISBN 2200263775) . This book is a must for all those who wish to know what the Religio Romana was and how it was practiced. It is written in the form of a manual, a small booklet very easy to read, with lots of notes, quotations and illustrations.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=6' Pre-Lit Holiday Sugared Fruit Garland With Clear Lights&lt;br /&gt;
| company=&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000X8YFGO&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=Ancient Roman Glass Pendant with Cut Out Wire Design Pendant&lt;br /&gt;
| company= West Coast Jewelry&lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=B000W936SW&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=Glass is 19mm across.&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
{{Bookinfo&lt;br /&gt;
| title=&lt;br /&gt;
| author=&lt;br /&gt;
| date=&lt;br /&gt;
| publisher=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISBN=&lt;br /&gt;
| ISSN=&lt;br /&gt;
| worldcat=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
|format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}} &lt;br /&gt;
{{AmazonProduct&lt;br /&gt;
| product=&lt;br /&gt;
| company= &lt;br /&gt;
| ASIN=&lt;br /&gt;
| comment=&lt;br /&gt;
| name=&lt;br /&gt;
| format=compact&lt;br /&gt;
}}--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===One present each day===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Lucia Iulia Aquila (Nova Roma)|L. Iulia Aquila]]: My family, like those of yours, has its own traditions for the festival. The daily gifting of one small thoughtful and useful present each day is a loving reminder of the season culminating with a few extra on the last day. This holiday has many variations because the traditions handed down are dependent on so many variables and often are reminiscent of many eras. In addition, in the past, they blended in to some degree on the surface with other Holidays, for example Chanukah (a little later this year) and Christmas. This only served to make our Saturnalia even richer as we shared with our friends of different religions the merriment and joy but also the great sense of the sacred and this we all have in common no matter what our beliefs are. And the tales and lore of different cultures and religions enriched us all. The games, the decorations, the lights and candles delighted us all. Every evening meal was a little special and often attended by guests of our brotherhood and those in their employ with special feasts on such days as the ''Bacchanalia'' of the Solstice; 20th century Roman feasts. The feasts extended to the eve of the 24th and day of the 25th; on the 25th we awoke just knowing this great elf called Santa Claus brought gifts to us in celebration of ''Dies Natalis Solis Invicti'', the birth of the unconquered sun, brought forward from my strong paternal military lineage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Mi amice'', this is my small and humble offering for your enjoyment and it is my sincerest wish that this season brings you peace, prosperity and love for you and your family: Oh Saturn, oldest and noblest king, hear my sincerest prayer for your Nova Roman people for peace, prosperity and love but also sow your generative seed for the strength, fortitude and understanding to make great strides in progress for growth within the ''res publica''. ''Pax hominibus bonae voluntatis!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===M. Hortensia Maior===&lt;br /&gt;
I'm making Mulsum and honey cakes for my Latin class and friends. Another person is bringing &amp;quot;Synaulia&amp;quot; ancient Roman music CD's. We're meeting at a pizzeria so I think this is fun and not too much to do.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mulsum Recipe:&lt;br /&gt;
add 200 ML of honey to a bottle of white wine, chill and let the flavours marry for a few days. Then  serve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Dog's world turned upside-down===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: Since the festival runs for seven days, I plan to do something wild on each day. Unfortunately I have to work, but I plan on spreading good cheer throughout the office by wearing loud clothes (well...more loud than usual) and a different Renaissance hat each day (have lots from the Ren Fairres). I usually feed my dog after I have had dinner...so during that week, little Artemis will receive her food first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oh, and I'm trying to work in an orgy ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bacchus and books===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Quintus Fabius Maximus (Nova Roma)|Q. Fabius Maximus]]: Since most of my friends know I'm a Roman Historian, I got:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;The World of Josephus&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Beyond the Inhabited World. Life beyond the Limes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Caesar against the Celts&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;War and Imperialism in Republican Rome.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Training the Roman Cavalry&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;quot;Agricola and Roman Britain&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I also got some Byzantine books and Xenophon's novel &amp;quot;Cyropaedia&amp;quot; (Life of Cyrus the Great.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Friends who came to my party brought not one, not two, but 3 Bacchuses!! Statues, that is. I also got a HUGE plaque of the Forum in relief, 62&amp;quot; x 40&amp;quot; as a gift.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saturnalia with a little girl===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Amethystia Iunia Crystallina (Nova Roma)|Amethystia Iunia Crystallina]]: You'll have to forgive me, but this is really the first Saturnalia that I have either *cared* about or been allowed to do what I wanted for the Saturnalia. I am just so excited I am probably going to go nuts and share every minute.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Last night I got things ready for this first Saturnalia morning. I gave the house special attention in cleaning and went into the kids' (I think of it as 'their' room, even though Lapis will not be born until February and both of them will be sleeping with me, for a while anyway) playroom closet to pick out the gift Terry would get this morning. I decided on her dry-erase board and markers from me and the puzzle book my mother sent for her.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I put the board and the markers out, kept the puzzle book apart, so she wouldn't get overwhelmed and tried to sleep. Terry woke me at 8 with her usual happy talk and demands for juice. She got out of bed and drank and wandered into the living room, where she discovered her present. She drew on the board and herself (I showed her how to draw on the board, she showed herself the other). I brought out the puzzle book, and showed her how it worked. She is having the time of her little life, which is all the gift I could ever want!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We aren't rich, but I wanted *her* to feel rich, if only for one week.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Friday, the second day of Saturnalia, brought Terry her talking Winnie the Pooh book. She liked it so much I had to pack it in the diaper bag when we went to the senior center. I dressed her in winter white -- a pair of pants and a nice top all winter white with a sort of leafy pattern in gold on it. I put her hair in a pony tail and tied it with a scrap of golden material I made into a nice hair ribbon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Terry was a wonderful hit at the senior center!! She walked to every table and looked and smiled at everyone. I think this will be a nice tradition for us every year. The local eighth-graders came to sing carols to the seniors and Terry looked with rapt attention as they sang. She, as usual, fought her nap (but she was surrounded by her subjects, allplaying Hail Toddler, so it is sort of understandable)...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Out of 9 days, Terry receives presents on 8 (must be nice, huh?).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Relinquishing the boss's role===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Quintus Fabius Maximus (Nova Roma)|Q. Fabius Maximus]]: Tomorrow and Friday, Bandwagon Productions will be run by the assistants. Hopefully, we will lose no major deals because of this. However, my assistants love this holiday now. Monday I have a big meeting, so it's only for two days, this year. My partners think I am crazy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Red and gold===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mia''': We've decorated everything in red and gold, since we pretty much celebrate this as a strictly and directly solar holiday. We have a gold star at the top of our tree-wannabe, but we reason that the sun is, after all, a star, and it was a good $5 cheaper than the sunburst-style tree topper. It all seems to fit nicely into the Saturnalia theme too.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My husband is all in favor of getting some wine and starting Saturnalia out on the right foot... I am more in favor of him taking me out to a restaurant. :)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Circle of Saturn===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: As the Muse would have it, I was sitting around thinking of a way to acknowledge each of the days of the Saturnalia festival. Being of the modern age with our Pagan-unfriendly bosses making us work during this Festive Holiday and scrambling to buy gifts for both Pagan and non-Pagan friends and family, how can we take a few moments to honor each day of the Saturnalia, whether or not we plan festivities for the whole week?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Well...I came up with this. I went to the store after work and bought seven small candleholders. (The ones I bought are real seasonal. They are made of brass with little pine-cones, holly berries, and red ribbons tied around them). I also bought seven red candles. When I got home, I placed some pine branches (yes...left over from the Yule Log decorations) on my permanent altar where I do my meditations and prayers. Then I encircled the seven candle holders around the center of the altar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each day I plan to offer a prayer to Saturnus and Ops and light a candle for that day's festivities. It's kinda like a Pagan Menorah. At the end of the seven days, the Circle of Saturn will be completely ablaze.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Life, death and a Yule log===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]: I went to one of the Tree Butcheries and asked for one of the trunks they may have cut off to size it for the picky families. It's a nice size log. So I brought it home and placed it on a bed of pine branches (also taken from the butchery). I adhered three candles to the log (one white, one red, and one green) to symbolize the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. I decorated the log and branches with red beads and lights.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is my Yule Log. Without a fire place to burn it traditionally, I thought the candles made an acceptable Neo-Pagan adaption. I'm planning a small ritual on December 22 where I will light the candles to remind me of the Sun's rebirth (white candle) and the promise of new beginnings and hope in the new year, the fulfillment of oaths and deeds during the year (the red candle...symbolizing the Sun at its zenith), and the time of meditation and contemplation (the green candle ...symbolizing the Sun at its rest, its return to the underworld).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Welcoming door===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Marcus Minucius Audens (Nova Roma)|M. Minucius Audens]]: As I understand it, most of the Saturnalia decorations are very much up to you (and your pocketbook) and a logical outlook on the season. The Yule Log, the tree, ornanments and decorations that today's Christians use were brought from elsewhere and are acceptable (except maybe for the angel at the top of the tree). Candles and candle decorations with bright colors, ribbons or strips of brightly colored cloth hung in decorative shapes. Decorative hangings and festive table decorations were well thought of. Don't forget the family shrine or gods, offerings of cakes and wine should be made and the decorations here should also reflect your house decorations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Candles in the windows are supposed to be a New England idea, but I suspect that a candle(s) in the portico were used as luminaria are used many places today. Home made dishs of flower petals and buds with lingering aroma, put a pan of apple juice / cider on the stove to heat gently and use apple pie spice in the juice to give the house a wonderful odor. (Falernian wine heavily spiced is veryyyyyy good too.) I'm sure a half dozen of Venator's &amp;quot;Fire Cherries&amp;quot; will make you think more clearly than ever before (but reserve time for a nap later).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The house should be warm, with warm blankets or comforters at convenient places, and should smell good and should reflect your own festive ideas. When things all come together. You will &amp;quot;feel&amp;quot; that it is right. I like &amp;quot;one color themes&amp;quot; where blue, or red or silver predominate in a window scene or the decoration of a door.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One prominent door in my house is the &amp;quot;Greeting Door&amp;quot; where all the greetiings of Saturnalia are placed. Little incense cones burning at the shrine or in small decorative dishes around the house help with good smells. Evergreen and bright berries like holly and mistletoe, as well as any plants or trees in your area that smells or looks good. Our laurel here in Connecticut stays green all year and can be made into a nice decoration. Colored paper cut into nice designs can be used.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't forget the cookies and sweetbreads either, and try to make time to bake something every day. Most important is the enjoyment. You must schedule a time for just sitting and enjoying your decorated place be it a castle or a cave or anything in between, You should be the one to enjoy your creation the most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Saturnalia.html Saturnalia] in Smith's Dictionary.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Commercial|Marcus Lucretius Agricola|Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa|Iulia Cassia Vegetia|Gaius Curius Saturninus}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religio Romana (Nova Roma)]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Talk:Maia</id>
		<title>Talk:Maia</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Talk:Maia"/>
				<updated>2009-08-29T04:14:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;What do you know about Roman Maia? Write about that. The reading list for the cultus deorum will help you. Write about temples, feriae, her Roman cultus if she had one. No greek myths. Re-edit them out of all your articles.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Talk:Maia</id>
		<title>Talk:Maia</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Talk:Maia"/>
				<updated>2009-08-29T04:12:42Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marca Hortensia Maior: New page: What do you know about Roman Maia? Write about that. The reading list for the cultus deorum will help you. Write about temples, feriae, her Roman cultus if she had one. No greek myths.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;What do you know about Roman Maia? Write about that. The reading list for the cultus deorum will help you. Write about temples, feriae, her Roman cultus if she had one. No greek myths.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marca Hortensia Maior</name></author>	</entry>

	</feed>