Dative

From NovaRoma
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
m (recat)
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{LanguageBar|Dative}}
+
{{LanguageBar|Dative}}{{Latin grammar articles}}
  
 
The '''dative case''' is a grammatical case of the '''indirect object''' generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. For example, in "Brutus gave a book '''to Cassius'''".
 
The '''dative case''' is a grammatical case of the '''indirect object''' generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. For example, in "Brutus gave a book '''to Cassius'''".
  
−
The dative generally marks the indirect object of a verb, although in some instances the dative is used for the direct object of a verb pertaining directly to an act of giving something. See "Dative with compound verbs", below.
+
The dative generally marks the indirect object of a verb, although in some instances the dative is used for the direct object of a verb pertaining directly to an act of giving something.  
  
−
Here are the basic and '''very''' general rules for making a dative:  
+
==Form==
 +
 
 +
Here are the basic and '''very''' general rules for making a dative in singular:  
  
 
*If a word ends in "'''-us'''", then the dative ends in "'''-o'''". "'''''Tullius'''''" becomes "'''''Tullio'''''".
 
*If a word ends in "'''-us'''", then the dative ends in "'''-o'''". "'''''Tullius'''''" becomes "'''''Tullio'''''".
 
*If a word ends in "'''-a'''", then the dative ends in "'''-ae'''". "'''''Livia'''''" becomes "'''''Liviae'''''".
 
*If a word ends in "'''-a'''", then the dative ends in "'''-ae'''". "'''''Livia'''''" becomes "'''''Liviae'''''".
 
*If a word ends in "'''-o'''", then the dative ends in "'''-oni'''". "'''''Cicero'''''" becomes "'''''Ciceroni'''''".
 
*If a word ends in "'''-o'''", then the dative ends in "'''-oni'''". "'''''Cicero'''''" becomes "'''''Ciceroni'''''".
 +
*If a word ends in "'''-ns'''", then the dative ends in "'''-nti'''". "'''''Sapiens'''''" becomes "'''''Sapienti'''''".
 +
 
*Many other words change their ending to "'''-i'''" whose rules are more difficult and are not detailed here. Here are some just for example:  
 
*Many other words change their ending to "'''-i'''" whose rules are more difficult and are not detailed here. Here are some just for example:  
−
:"'''''Audens'''''" in dative becomes "'''''Audenti'''''",
 
 
:"'''''Senatus'''''" in dative is "'''''Senatui'''''",  
 
:"'''''Senatus'''''" in dative is "'''''Senatui'''''",  
 
:"'''''Venus'''''" in dative is "'''''Veneri'''''",  
 
:"'''''Venus'''''" in dative is "'''''Veneri'''''",  
 
:"'''''exercitus'''''" in dative is "'''''exercitui'''''",  
 
:"'''''exercitus'''''" in dative is "'''''exercitui'''''",  
 
:"'''''homo'''''" in dative is "'''''homini'''''",  
 
:"'''''homo'''''" in dative is "'''''homini'''''",  
−
:"'''''consul'''''" in dative is "'''''consuli'''''", and so on.
+
:"'''''consul'''''" in dative is "'''''consuli'''''",
 +
:"'''''praetor'''''" in dative is "'''''praetori'''''",
 +
:"'''''aedilis'''''" in dative is "'''''aedili'''''", and so on.
  
−
===Usage in practice===
+
==Function==
  
−
An average Nova Roman citizen would use the dative case in the Latin beginning of an e-mail. Learn more about [[Latin for e-mail]].
+
===Indirect object===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Reference===
 +
 
 +
Possessive pronouns in Latin indicate possession strictly. Some relations that are expressed in English with a possessive, such as reference ('''My''' name is Gaius) use the dative of reference (Nomen '''mihi''' Gaius est.)
  
 
===Dative with compound verbs===
 
===Dative with compound verbs===
  
−
Compound verbs built with the following prefixes normally take an object in the dative.  
+
Compound transitive verbs built with the following prefixes normally take a direct object in the dative.  
  
 
* ab-
 
* ab-
Line 38: Line 49:
 
* sub-
 
* sub-
 
* super-
 
* super-
 +
 +
 +
===Usage in practice===
 +
 +
An average Nova Roman citizen would use the dative case in the Latin beginning of an e-mail. Learn more about [[Latin for e-mail]].
  
  

Revision as of 04:26, 16 January 2009

SPQR-BLACK.JPG
IN·MEMORIAM·L·EQVITI·CINCINNATI·AVGVRIS·PONTIFICIS·FLAMINIS·MARTIALIS·CENSORIS·CONSVLIS

 Home | Latíné | Deutsch | Español | Français | Italiano | Magyar | Português | Română | Русский | English

⚜⚜⚜ Site Index - Key Pages ⚜⚜⚜

Latin grammar

Introduction
The Latin language
The Latin sentence
The four conjugations
The five declensions

Nominative - Accusative - Genitive - Dative - Ablative

Vocative - Locative

Latin phrasebook
Latin for e-mail
Latin jokes
Reading list
Online resources

All articles about Latin


The dative case is a grammatical case of the indirect object generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. For example, in "Brutus gave a book to Cassius".

The dative generally marks the indirect object of a verb, although in some instances the dative is used for the direct object of a verb pertaining directly to an act of giving something.

Contents

Form

Here are the basic and very general rules for making a dative in singular:

  • If a word ends in "-us", then the dative ends in "-o". "Tullius" becomes "Tullio".
  • If a word ends in "-a", then the dative ends in "-ae". "Livia" becomes "Liviae".
  • If a word ends in "-o", then the dative ends in "-oni". "Cicero" becomes "Ciceroni".
  • If a word ends in "-ns", then the dative ends in "-nti". "Sapiens" becomes "Sapienti".
  • Many other words change their ending to "-i" whose rules are more difficult and are not detailed here. Here are some just for example:
"Senatus" in dative is "Senatui",
"Venus" in dative is "Veneri",
"exercitus" in dative is "exercitui",
"homo" in dative is "homini",
"consul" in dative is "consuli",
"praetor" in dative is "praetori",
"aedilis" in dative is "aedili", and so on.

Function

Indirect object

Reference

Possessive pronouns in Latin indicate possession strictly. Some relations that are expressed in English with a possessive, such as reference (My name is Gaius) use the dative of reference (Nomen mihi Gaius est.)

Dative with compound verbs

Compound transitive verbs built with the following prefixes normally take a direct object in the dative.

  • ab-
  • ante-
  • circum-
  • con-
  • in-
  • inter-
  • ob-
  • post-
  • prae-
  • pro-
  • sub-
  • super-


Usage in practice

An average Nova Roman citizen would use the dative case in the Latin beginning of an e-mail. Learn more about Latin for e-mail.

Retrieved from "http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Dative"
Personal tools