Virgo Vestalis - Revision history

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: navbox

2011-01-09T20:15:37Z

navbox

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:15, 9 January 2011
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−	{{LanguageBar\|Virgo Vestalis}}	+	{{LanguageBar\|Virgo Vestalis}}{{Priesthood articles}}

	For ''Virgines Vestales'' in Nova Roma, see: [[Priests (Nova Roma)]].		For ''Virgines Vestales'' in Nova Roma, see: [[Priests (Nova Roma)]].

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 18:58, 9 January 2011

2011-01-09T18:58:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 9 January 2011
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−	{{LanguageBar\|~~Vestal Virgins~~}}	+	{{LanguageBar\|Virgo Vestalis}}

	For ''Virgines Vestales'' in Nova Roma, see: [[Priests (Nova Roma)]].		For ''Virgines Vestales'' in Nova Roma, see: [[Priests (Nova Roma)]].

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: Vestal Virgins moved to Virgo Vestalis

2011-01-09T18:58:06Z

Vestal Virgins moved to Virgo Vestalis

← Older revision

Revision as of 18:58, 9 January 2011

M. Lucretius Agricola at 13:00, 1 June 2010

2010-06-01T13:00:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 1 June 2010
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	Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Adkins, 1996. Dictionary of Roman Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195142330		Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Adkins, 1996. Dictionary of Roman Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195142330
		+
		+	{{Scheid}}

	Worsford, Sir T. Cato, 1934. The History of the Vestal Virgins. ISBN 0766100944		Worsford, Sir T. Cato, 1934. The History of the Vestal Virgins. ISBN 0766100944

	[[Category:Roman religion]]		[[Category:Roman religion]]

M. Lucretius Agricola: add to biblio

2010-06-01T08:58:49Z

add to biblio

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 1 June 2010
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	For ''Virgines Vestales'' in Nova Roma, see: [[Priests (Nova Roma)]].		For ''Virgines Vestales'' in Nova Roma, see: [[Priests (Nova Roma)]].
	----		----
−	~~[[Image:P1000407rdwb600.JPG\|thumb\|View along the Via Sacra showing the Arch of Titus and the Temple of Vesta, Rome.]]~~	+

	Vestal Virgins (Lat. ''Virgines Vestales'') were priestesses of [[Vesta]]. They tended the sacred fire in the [[Temple of Vesta]] in Rome.		Vestal Virgins (Lat. ''Virgines Vestales'') were priestesses of [[Vesta]]. They tended the sacred fire in the [[Temple of Vesta]] in Rome.
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	\|March 14 (Ides) \|\| \|\| A procession carrying argei round the shrines took place, probably counterwise. The procession included the Flamen Dialis, Flaminica, Vestal Virgins and the praetor urbanus. The procession culminated at the river Tiber, when 30 (or 27) effigies were thrown into the river by the Vestal Virgins from the Bridge of Sublicius. The Romans did not even know which deity was being honored or appeased in these rituals involving argei.		\|March 14 (Ides) \|\| \|\| A procession carrying argei round the shrines took place, probably counterwise. The procession included the Flamen Dialis, Flaminica, Vestal Virgins and the praetor urbanus. The procession culminated at the river Tiber, when 30 (or 27) effigies were thrown into the river by the Vestal Virgins from the Bridge of Sublicius. The Romans did not even know which deity was being honored or appeased in these rituals involving argei.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|March 16-17 \|\| \|\| Visit to sacra Argeorum (the 24 places consecrated by Numa for religious services).	+	\|March 16-17 \|\| \|\| Visit to sacra Argeorum (the 24 places consecrated by [[Numa]] for religious services).
	\|-		\|-
	\|April 15 \|\| [[Fordicidia]] \|\| It was an agricultural festival of Tellus. A pregnant cow (forda) was sacrificed to Tellus in each of the 30 wards (curiae) of Rome and one of the Capitoline Hill to promote fertility of cattle and the fields. The unborn calves were burned by the Chief Vestal and the ashes were used by the Vestal Virgins in a purification rite in the festival of Parilia.		\|April 15 \|\| [[Fordicidia]] \|\| It was an agricultural festival of Tellus. A pregnant cow (forda) was sacrificed to Tellus in each of the 30 wards (curiae) of Rome and one of the Capitoline Hill to promote fertility of cattle and the fields. The unborn calves were burned by the Chief Vestal and the ashes were used by the Vestal Virgins in a purification rite in the festival of Parilia.
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	\|September 13 \|\| Festival of Iupiter \|\| Epulum Iovis was a feast held for senators after the sacrifices at festivals of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. It was arranged by the Epulones on September 13th at the end of the Ludi Romani and November 13th as part of the Ludi Plebeii. Mola salsa was offered by the Vestal Virgins. May also have been in honor of Juno and Minerva.		\|September 13 \|\| Festival of Iupiter \|\| Epulum Iovis was a feast held for senators after the sacrifices at festivals of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. It was arranged by the Epulones on September 13th at the end of the Ludi Romani and November 13th as part of the Ludi Plebeii. Mola salsa was offered by the Vestal Virgins. May also have been in honor of Juno and Minerva.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|October 15 \|\| Sacrifice of the October Horse \|\| The blood from the October horse sacrifice and that of the calves burnt in the Fordicidia were distributed to the ~~shepards~~ for fumigating their flocks.	+	\|October 15 \|\| Sacrifice of the October Horse \|\| The blood from the October horse sacrifice and that of the calves burnt in the Fordicidia were distributed to the shepherds for fumigating their flocks.
	\|-		\|-
	\|December 3-4 \|\| \|\| Rites of the Bona Dea.		\|December 3-4 \|\| \|\| Rites of the Bona Dea.
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	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==

−	[[Category:Roman religion]]r	+	Adkins, Lesley and Roy A. Adkins, 1996. Dictionary of Roman Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195142330
		+
		+	Worsford, Sir T. Cato, 1934. The History of the Vestal Virgins. ISBN 0766100944
		+
		+	[[Category:Roman religion]]

Maxima Valeria Messallina: /* Festivals in which the Vestals participated */

2010-05-31T23:19:23Z

Festivals in which the Vestals participated

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 18:49, 15 January 2010

2010-01-15T18:49:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:49, 15 January 2010
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	See also: [[mola salsa]], [[spelt cake]].		See also: [[mola salsa]], [[spelt cake]].
		+
		+	== Festivals in which the Vestals participated ==
		+
		+	The following list was complied by Chief Vestal [[Maxima Valeria Messallina (Nova Roma)\|Valeria Messallina]], using information taken from "The History of the Vestal Virgins" by Sir T. Cato Worsford, 1934 ed. and the "Dictionary of Roman Religion" by Lesley Adkins and Roy A. Adkins, 1996 ed.
		+
		+
		+	{\|border=2
		+	\|Date
		+	\|''Feriae''
		+	\|Role of the Vestals
		+	\|-
		+	\|February 13 \|\| [[Parentatio]] \|\| Worship of the dead at the Tomb of the Vestal, [[Tarpeia]].
		+	\|-
		+	\|February 15 \|\| [[Lupercalia]] \|\| During this festival, the last of the [[mola salsa]] was used. Lupercalia involved purification and fertility rites. It was originally a shepherd festival in honor of Lupercus, a pastoral god, to ensure fertility of fields and flocks. The festival was very ancient and the Romans themselves were unsure which God was being worshiped. Lupercus seems to have been invented in the Augustan period to account for the rituals. Ancient authors cited Inuus or Faunus (both identified with Pan) as the god of Lupercalia. Worshipers gather at a sacred cave called the Lupercal at the foot of the Palatine Hill, where Romulus and Remus were supposed to have been suckled by a she-wolf. The priest called Luperci sacrificed goats and a dog and there was an offering of Mola Salsa, the Vestals' sacred cakes. The Luperci clothed themselves with parts of the skins of the goats and ran with some of the magistrates through Rome's streets striking everyone they met with strips of skin from the goats (februa) to make them fertile. The festival involved much revelry and was very popular. Consequently the early Church could not abolish it and so in 494 the Pope made February 15 the Festival of the Purification of the Virgin Mary.
		+	\|-
		+	\|February 17 \|\| [[Fornacalia]] \|\| In honor of [[Fornax]], Goddess of ovens, that the baking of the corn might be successful.
		+	\|-
		+	\|March 1 \|\| \|\| The sacred fire was re-kindled in the Temple of Vesta. The eternal flame in her temple represented the Goddess, who was not portrayed by statues in the temple, although Augustus dedicated an altar and statue to Vesta on the Palatine Hill in part of his house in 12 B.C. The flame in the temple was rekindled every year in a special ritual by rubbing two sticks together. If the fire went out, it had to be rekindled in the same way.
		+	\|-
		+	\|March 6 \|\| \|\| Sacrifice to Vesta.
		+	\|-
		+	\|March 14 (Ides) \|\| \|\| A procession carrying argei round the shrines took place, probably counterwise. The procession included the Flamen Dialis, Flaminica, Vestal Virgins and the praetor urbanus. The procession culminated at the river Tiber, when 30 (or 27) effigies were thrown into the river by the Vestal Virgins from the Bridge of Sublicius. The Romans did not even know which deity was being honored or appeased in these rituals involving argei.
		+	\|-
		+	\|March 16-17 \|\| \|\| Visit to sacra Argeorum (the 24 places consecrated by Numa for religious services).
		+	\|-
		+	\|April 15 \|\| [[Fordicidia]] \|\| It was an agricultural festival of Tellus. A pregnant cow (forda) was sacrificed to Tellus in each of the 30 wards (curiae) of Rome and one of the Capitoline Hill to promote fertility of cattle and the fields.The unborn calves were burned by the Chief Vestal and the ashes were used by the Vestal Virgins in a purification rite in the festival of Parilia.
		+	\|-
		+	\|April 21 \|\| [[Parilia]] \|\| Anniversary of the foundation of Rome. Parilia was the festival of Pales. It seems to be an ancient agricultural festival for the purification of sheep and shepards. It fell on what was regarded as the anniversary of the Rome's foundation day. Sheep pens were cleaned and decorated with greenery, and the sheep were purified in smoke from a bonfire on which sulfur was burnt. Ashes from the calves burned in the festival of Fordicidia were sprinkled on the bonfire.
		+	\|-
		+	\|April 28 \|\| \|\| Anniversary of the foundation by Augustus of the Temple of Vesta on the Palatine.
		+	\|-
		+	\|May 1 \|\| \|\| Rites of the Bona Dea.
		+	\|-
		+	\|May 7 - 15 \|\| \|\| The three elder Vestal Virgins plucked the first ears of corn for their sacramental cake, the Mola Salsa.
		+	\|-
		+	\|May 14 or 15 \|\| \|\| The Drowning of the Dummies. The Vestal Virgins throw the argei into the Tiber River from the Sublician Bridge. Argei were bundles of rushes resembling people bound hand and foot. These effigies or dolls were used in certain rituals and may have represented human sacrifice. Alternatively, the rituals may have been an act of purification from all the evils of the year which the argei personified as demons.
		+	\|-
		+	\|June 9 \|\| \|\| Festival of Vesta. The days before and after this festival were consecrated to Vesta. On June 7, the inner sanctum of the temple in Rome was opened to all women; it was closed again on June 15. It became a holiday for bakers and millers and the millstones and asses used in milling were garlanded with violets and had small loaves hung on them. On June 15, the refuse was swept from the temple to an alley halfway up the Capitoline Hill, from where it was carried to the Tiber River and thrown down from the Portia Stercoraria. The Vestals made Mola Salsa, which was also used in Epulum Iovis and Lupercalia
		+	\|-
		+	\|August 21 \|\| \|\| Festival of Consus, God of Counsel and the harvest. Consus was an ancient God of the granary who was probably connected with the harvest and autumn sowing. Originally, he may have been the God of grain stored underground. He had an underground barn and altar in the Circus Maximus which was only uncovered during his festival. He also had a temple on the Aventine Hill. His characteristic sacrificial offering consisted of first fruits. He had two festivals, the Consualia and a festival of Consus on December 12th. On July 7, a sacrifice was offered to him at the underground altar. Consus was also associated with horses.
		+	\|-
		+	\|August 25 \|\| \|\| Festival of Ops Consiva, the Goddess of seed time.
		+	\|-
		+	\|September 13 \|\| Festival of Iupiter \|\| Epulum Iovis was a feast held for senators after the sacrifices at festivals of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. It was arranged by the Epulones on September 13 at the end of the Ludi Romani and November 13 as part of the Ludi Plebeii. Mola salsa was offered by the Vestal Virgins. May also have been in honor of Juno and Minerva.
		+	\|-
		+	\|October 15 \|\| Sacrifice of the October Horse \|\| The blood from the October horse sacrifice and that of the calves burnt in the Fordicidia were distributed to the shepards for fumigating their flocks.
		+	\|-
		+	\|December 3-4 \|\| \|\| Rites of the Bona Dea.
		+	\|-
		+	\|}

	==References==		==References==

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: recat to its proper category

2009-03-31T15:08:55Z

recat to its proper category

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 31 March 2009
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	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==

−	[[Category:~~Religio Romana~~]]	+	[[Category:Roman religion]]r

M. Lucretius Agricola: more links

2008-03-15T00:26:16Z

M. Lucretius Agricola: links

2008-03-15T00:05:14Z

links

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:05, 15 March 2008
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	{{LanguageBar\|Vestal Virgins}}		{{LanguageBar\|Vestal Virgins}}
		+
		+	For ''Virgines Vestales'' in Nova Roma, see: [[Priests (Nova Roma)]].
		+	----
	[[Image:P1000407rdwb600.JPG\|thumb\|View along the Via Sacra showing the Arch of Titus and the Temple of Vesta, Rome.]]		[[Image:P1000407rdwb600.JPG\|thumb\|View along the Via Sacra showing the Arch of Titus and the Temple of Vesta, Rome.]]

		+	Vestal Virgins (Lat. ''Virgines Vestales'') were priestesses of [[Vesta]].
		+
		+
		+	==References==
		+	<references/>

		+	==Bibliography==

	[[Category:Religio Romana]]		[[Category:Religio Romana]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:19, 31 May 2010
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	\|February 13 \|\| [[Parentatio]] \|\| Worship of the dead at the Tomb of the Vestal, [[Tarpeia]].		\|February 13 \|\| [[Parentatio]] \|\| Worship of the dead at the Tomb of the Vestal, [[Tarpeia]].
	\|-		\|-
−	\|February 15 \|\| [[Lupercalia]] \|\| During this festival, the last of the [[mola salsa]] was used. Lupercalia involved purification and fertility rites. It was originally a shepherd festival in honor of Lupercus, a pastoral god, to ensure fertility of fields and flocks. The festival was very ancient and the Romans themselves were unsure which God was being worshiped. Lupercus seems to have been invented in the Augustan period to account for the rituals. Ancient authors cited Inuus or Faunus (both identified with Pan) as the god of Lupercalia. Worshipers ~~gather~~ at a sacred cave called the Lupercal at the foot of the Palatine Hill, where Romulus and Remus were supposed to have been suckled by a she-wolf. The priest called Luperci sacrificed goats and a dog and there was an offering of Mola Salsa, the Vestals' sacred cakes. The Luperci clothed themselves with parts of the skins of the goats and ran with some of the magistrates through Rome's streets striking everyone they met with strips of skin from the goats (februa) to make them fertile. The festival involved much revelry and was very popular. Consequently the early Church could not abolish it and so in 494 the Pope made February 15 the Festival of the Purification of the Virgin Mary.	+	\|February 15 \|\| [[Lupercalia]] \|\| During this festival, the last of the [[mola salsa]] was used. Lupercalia involved purification and fertility rites. It was originally a shepherd festival in honor of Lupercus, a pastoral god, to ensure fertility of fields and flocks. The festival was very ancient and the Romans themselves were unsure which God was being worshiped. Lupercus seems to have been invented in the Augustan period to account for the rituals. Ancient authors cited Inuus or Faunus (both identified with Pan) as the god of Lupercalia. Worshipers gathered at a sacred cave called the Lupercal at the foot of the Palatine Hill, where Romulus and Remus were supposed to have been suckled by a she-wolf. The priest called Luperci sacrificed goats and a dog and there was an offering of Mola Salsa, the Vestals' sacred cakes. The Luperci clothed themselves with parts of the skins of the goats and ran with some of the magistrates through Rome's streets striking everyone they met with strips of skin from the goats (februa) to make them fertile. The festival involved much revelry and was very popular. Consequently the early Church could not abolish it and so in 494 C.E. the Pope made February 15th the Festival of the Purification of the Virgin Mary.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|February 17 \|\| [[Fornacalia]] \|\| In honor of [[Fornax]], Goddess of ovens, that the baking of the ~~corn~~ might be successful.	+	\|February 17 \|\| [[Fornacalia]] \|\| In honor of [[Fornax]], Goddess of ovens, that the baking of the spelt might be successful.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|March 1 \|\| \|\| The sacred fire was re-kindled in the Temple of Vesta. The eternal flame in her temple represented the Goddess, who was not portrayed by statues in the temple, although Augustus dedicated an altar and statue to Vesta on the Palatine Hill in part of his house in 12 B.C. The flame in the temple was rekindled every year in a special ritual by rubbing two sticks together. If the fire went out, it had to be rekindled in the same way.	+	\|March 1 \|\| \|\| The sacred fire was re-kindled in the Temple of Vesta. The eternal flame in her temple represented the Goddess, who was not portrayed by statues in the temple, although Augustus dedicated an altar and statue to Vesta on the Palatine Hill in part of his house in 12 B.C.E. The flame in the temple was rekindled every year in a special ritual by rubbing two sticks together. If the fire went out, it had to be rekindled in the same way.
	\|-		\|-
	\|March 6 \|\| \|\| Sacrifice to Vesta.		\|March 6 \|\| \|\| Sacrifice to Vesta.
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	\|March 16-17 \|\| \|\| Visit to sacra Argeorum (the 24 places consecrated by Numa for religious services).		\|March 16-17 \|\| \|\| Visit to sacra Argeorum (the 24 places consecrated by Numa for religious services).
	\|-		\|-
−	\|April 15 \|\| [[Fordicidia]] \|\| It was an agricultural festival of Tellus. A pregnant cow (forda) was sacrificed to Tellus in each of the 30 wards (curiae) of Rome and one of the Capitoline Hill to promote fertility of cattle and the fields.The unborn calves were burned by the Chief Vestal and the ashes were used by the Vestal Virgins in a purification rite in the festival of Parilia.	+	\|April 15 \|\| [[Fordicidia]] \|\| It was an agricultural festival of Tellus. A pregnant cow (forda) was sacrificed to Tellus in each of the 30 wards (curiae) of Rome and one of the Capitoline Hill to promote fertility of cattle and the fields. The unborn calves were burned by the Chief Vestal and the ashes were used by the Vestal Virgins in a purification rite in the festival of Parilia.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|April 21 \|\| [[Parilia]] \|\| Anniversary of the foundation of Rome. Parilia was the festival of Pales. It seems to be an ancient agricultural festival for the purification of sheep and shepards. It fell on what was regarded as the anniversary of ~~the~~ Rome's foundation day. Sheep pens were cleaned and decorated with greenery, and the sheep were purified in smoke from a bonfire on which sulfur was burnt. Ashes from the calves burned in the festival of Fordicidia were sprinkled on the bonfire.	+	\|April 21 \|\| [[Parilia]] \|\| Anniversary of the foundation of Rome. Parilia was the festival of Pales. It seems to be an ancient agricultural festival for the purification of sheep and shepards. It fell on what was regarded as the anniversary of Rome's foundation day. Sheep pens were cleaned and decorated with greenery, and the sheep were purified in smoke from a bonfire on which sulfur was burnt. Ashes from the calves burned in the festival of Fordicidia were sprinkled on the bonfire.
	\|-		\|-
	\|April 28 \|\| \|\| Anniversary of the foundation by Augustus of the Temple of Vesta on the Palatine.		\|April 28 \|\| \|\| Anniversary of the foundation by Augustus of the Temple of Vesta on the Palatine.
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	\|May 1 \|\| \|\| Rites of the Bona Dea.		\|May 1 \|\| \|\| Rites of the Bona Dea.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|May 7 - 15 \|\| \|\| The three elder Vestal Virgins plucked the first ears of ~~corn~~ for their sacramental cake, the Mola Salsa.	+	\|May 7 - 15 \|\| \|\| The three elder Vestal Virgins plucked the first ears of spelt for their sacramental cake, the Mola Salsa.
	\|-		\|-
	\|May 14 or 15 \|\| \|\| The Drowning of the Dummies. The Vestal Virgins throw the argei into the Tiber River from the Sublician Bridge. Argei were bundles of rushes resembling people bound hand and foot. These effigies or dolls were used in certain rituals and may have represented human sacrifice. Alternatively, the rituals may have been an act of purification from all the evils of the year which the argei personified as demons.		\|May 14 or 15 \|\| \|\| The Drowning of the Dummies. The Vestal Virgins throw the argei into the Tiber River from the Sublician Bridge. Argei were bundles of rushes resembling people bound hand and foot. These effigies or dolls were used in certain rituals and may have represented human sacrifice. Alternatively, the rituals may have been an act of purification from all the evils of the year which the argei personified as demons.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|June 9 \|\| \|\| Festival of Vesta. The days before and after this festival were consecrated to Vesta. On June 7, the inner sanctum of the temple in Rome was opened to all women; it was closed again on June 15. It became a holiday for bakers and millers and the millstones and asses used in milling were garlanded with violets and had small loaves hung on them. On June 15, the refuse was swept from the temple to an alley halfway up the Capitoline Hill, from where it was carried to the Tiber River and thrown down from the Portia Stercoraria. The Vestals made Mola Salsa, which was also used in Epulum Iovis and Lupercalia	+	\|June 9 \|\| \|\| Festival of Vesta. The days before and after this festival were consecrated to Vesta. On June 7th, the inner sanctum of the temple in Rome was opened to all women; it was closed again on June 15th. It became a holiday for bakers and millers, and the millstones and asses used in milling were garlanded with violets and had small loaves hung on them. On June 15th, the refuse was swept from the temple to an alley halfway up the Capitoline Hill, from where it was carried to the Tiber River and thrown down from the Portia Stercoraria. The Vestals made Mola Salsa, which was also used in Epulum Iovis and Lupercalia
	\|-		\|-
−	\|August 21 \|\| \|\| Festival of Consus, God of Counsel and the harvest. Consus was an ancient God of the granary who was probably connected with the harvest and autumn sowing. Originally, he may have been the God of grain stored underground. He had an underground barn and altar in the Circus Maximus which was only uncovered during his festival. He also had a temple on the Aventine Hill. His characteristic sacrificial offering consisted of first fruits. He had two festivals, the Consualia and a festival of Consus on December 12th. On July 7, a sacrifice was offered to him at the underground altar. Consus was also associated with horses.	+	\|August 21 \|\| \|\| Festival of Consus, God of Counsel and the harvest. Consus was an ancient God of the granary who was probably connected with the harvest and autumn sowing. Originally, he may have been the God of grain stored underground. He had an underground barn and altar in the Circus Maximus which was only uncovered during his festival. He also had a temple on the Aventine Hill. His characteristic sacrificial offering consisted of first fruits. He had two festivals, the Consualia and a festival of Consus on December 12th. On July 7th, a sacrifice was offered to him at the underground altar. Consus was also associated with horses.
	\|-		\|-
	\|August 25 \|\| \|\| Festival of Ops Consiva, the Goddess of seed time.		\|August 25 \|\| \|\| Festival of Ops Consiva, the Goddess of seed time.
	\|-		\|-
−	\|September 13 \|\| Festival of Iupiter \|\| Epulum Iovis was a feast held for senators after the sacrifices at festivals of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. It was arranged by the Epulones on September 13 at the end of the Ludi Romani and November 13 as part of the Ludi Plebeii. Mola salsa was offered by the Vestal Virgins. May also have been in honor of Juno and Minerva.	+	\|September 13 \|\| Festival of Iupiter \|\| Epulum Iovis was a feast held for senators after the sacrifices at festivals of Jupiter Optimus Maximus. It was arranged by the Epulones on September 13th at the end of the Ludi Romani and November 13th as part of the Ludi Plebeii. Mola salsa was offered by the Vestal Virgins. May also have been in honor of Juno and Minerva.
	\|-		\|-
	\|October 15 \|\| Sacrifice of the October Horse \|\| The blood from the October horse sacrifice and that of the calves burnt in the Fordicidia were distributed to the shepards for fumigating their flocks.		\|October 15 \|\| Sacrifice of the October Horse \|\| The blood from the October horse sacrifice and that of the calves burnt in the Fordicidia were distributed to the shepards for fumigating their flocks.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:26, 15 March 2008
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	[[Image:P1000407rdwb600.JPG\|thumb\|View along the Via Sacra showing the Arch of Titus and the Temple of Vesta, Rome.]]		[[Image:P1000407rdwb600.JPG\|thumb\|View along the Via Sacra showing the Arch of Titus and the Temple of Vesta, Rome.]]

−	Vestal Virgins (Lat. ''Virgines Vestales'') were priestesses of [[Vesta]].	+	Vestal Virgins (Lat. ''Virgines Vestales'') were priestesses of [[Vesta]]. They tended the sacred fire in the [[Temple of Vesta]] in Rome.

		+	See also: [[mola salsa]], [[spelt cake]].

	==References==		==References==