Sextus Iulius Caesar - Revision history

Titus Iulius Sabinus: complete

2015-05-15T19:45:51Z

complete

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 15 May 2015
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	{{LanguageBar\|Sextus Iulius Caesar}}		{{LanguageBar\|Sextus Iulius Caesar}}
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		+	"'''Sextus Iulius Caesar'''" by [[Titus Iulius Sabinus (Nova Roma)\| T. Iulius Sabinus]]

Titus Iulius Sabinus: replacing J with I

2014-02-22T00:31:17Z

replacing J with I

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:31, 22 February 2014
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	The Iulii were of Alban origin, and it is mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullius Hostilius <ref>Tullius Hostilius was the legendary third king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius and was succeeded by Ancus Marcius. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus was known as a warlike king.Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1,22 "He was not only unlike the last king, but he was a man of more warlike spirit even than Romulus"</ref>removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa <ref>Alba Longa was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Rome, in the Alban Hills. Founder and head of the Latin League, it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. In legend, Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, had come from the royal dynasty of Alba Longa.</ref>The Iulii also existed at an early period at Bovillae<ref>Bovillae an ancient town in Lazio, central Italy, located c.11 miles or 18 km south-east of Rome</ref>as it is recorded in a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the Alban rites.<ref>Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, XI.24.</ref>, <ref>Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia, III. 9.</ref>.		The Iulii were of Alban origin, and it is mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullius Hostilius <ref>Tullius Hostilius was the legendary third king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius and was succeeded by Ancus Marcius. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus was known as a warlike king.Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1,22 "He was not only unlike the last king, but he was a man of more warlike spirit even than Romulus"</ref>removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa <ref>Alba Longa was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Rome, in the Alban Hills. Founder and head of the Latin League, it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. In legend, Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, had come from the royal dynasty of Alba Longa.</ref>The Iulii also existed at an early period at Bovillae<ref>Bovillae an ancient town in Lazio, central Italy, located c.11 miles or 18 km south-east of Rome</ref>as it is recorded in a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the Alban rites.<ref>Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, XI.24.</ref>, <ref>Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia, III. 9.</ref>.

−	Iulii Caesares is a subdivision of the patrician Iulli family in the Roman Republic, and the beginnings of the ~~Julian~~ side of the Iulio-Claudian Dinasty. All its members had the nomen Iulius and the cognomen Caesar and can only be told apart by numbers and differing praenomina.	+	Iulii Caesares is a subdivision of the patrician Iulli family in the Roman Republic, and the beginnings of the Iulian side of the Iulio-Claudian Dinasty. All its members had the nomen Iulius and the cognomen Caesar and can only be told apart by numbers and differing praenomina.

	'''Sextus Iulius Caesar''' was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common ''praenomina'' used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius.		'''Sextus Iulius Caesar''' was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common ''praenomina'' used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius.
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	[[Image:Iulii Caesares.jpg\|center]]		[[Image:Iulii Caesares.jpg\|center]]

−	It is uncertain which member of the ~~Julia gens~~ first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus ~~Julius~~ Caesar'''.	+	It is uncertain which member of the Gens Iulia first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Iulius Caesar'''.

	He was a praetor in Sicily in 208 BC, commanding the ''legiones Cannanenses'', the legions formed from the survivors of Cannae<ref>Cannae - the place of a major battle of the Second Punic War which took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage under Hannibal decisively defeated a larger army of the Roman Republic under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. It is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and has been regarded as the worst defeat in Roman history</ref>.On his return he was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the ''comitia''.<ref>Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27,21; Book 22,29. Perseus Digital Library.</ref>, <ref>T.R.S Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic (American Philological Association, 1951, 1986), vol.1, p.290] - online book at “babel.hathitrust.org“</ref>		He was a praetor in Sicily in 208 BC, commanding the ''legiones Cannanenses'', the legions formed from the survivors of Cannae<ref>Cannae - the place of a major battle of the Second Punic War which took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage under Hannibal decisively defeated a larger army of the Roman Republic under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. It is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and has been regarded as the worst defeat in Roman history</ref>.On his return he was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the ''comitia''.<ref>Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27,21; Book 22,29. Perseus Digital Library.</ref>, <ref>T.R.S Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic (American Philological Association, 1951, 1986), vol.1, p.290] - online book at “babel.hathitrust.org“</ref>

Titus Iulius Sabinus: removed ab historical inacuracy

2014-02-21T16:31:04Z

removed ab historical inacuracy

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 21 February 2014
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	The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's"<ref>Matthew 22.21</ref>. Later, the title became the German ''Kaiser'' and Slavic ''Tsar/Czar''.		The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's"<ref>Matthew 22.21</ref>. Later, the title became the German ''Kaiser'' and Slavic ''Tsar/Czar''.

−	The Caesar’s Comet<ref>Caesar's Comet, (numerical designation C/-43 K1) - also known as Comet Caesar and the Great Comet of 44 BC - Grant, Michael (1970), The Roman Forum, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Photos by Werner Forman, p. 94.</ref>was perhaps the most famous comet of antiquity. The seven-day visitation was taken by Romans as a sign of the deification of the recently dead dictator, Iulius Caesar (100 - 44 BC). According to Suetonius<ref>C. Suetonius Tranquillus - “The lives of the twelve Caesars”, LXXXVIII; The Project Guntenberg Ebooks.</ref>, as celebrations were getting underway (''Ludi Victoriae Caesaris~~, during Augustus~~'') , "a comet shone for seven successive days, rising about the eleventh hour, and was believed to be the soul of Caesar."	+	The Caesar’s Comet<ref>Caesar's Comet, (numerical designation C/-43 K1) - also known as Comet Caesar and the Great Comet of 44 BC - Grant, Michael (1970), The Roman Forum, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Photos by Werner Forman, p. 94.</ref>was perhaps the most famous comet of antiquity. The seven-day visitation was taken by Romans as a sign of the deification of the recently dead dictator, Iulius Caesar (100 - 44 BC). According to Suetonius<ref>C. Suetonius Tranquillus - “The lives of the twelve Caesars”, LXXXVIII; The Project Guntenberg Ebooks.</ref>, as celebrations were getting underway (''Ludi Victoriae Caesaris'') , "a comet shone for seven successive days, rising about the eleventh hour, and was believed to be the soul of Caesar."

Titus Iulius Sabinus: done

2014-02-21T04:52:06Z

done

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:52, 21 February 2014
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	The '''Gens Iulia''' was one of the most ancient patrician families of Ancient Rome. Members of the Gens Iulia attained the highest dignities of the state since the earliest times of the Roman Republic.		The '''Gens Iulia''' was one of the most ancient patrician families of Ancient Rome. Members of the Gens Iulia attained the highest dignities of the state since the earliest times of the Roman Republic.

−	The Iulii were of Alban origin, and it is mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullius Hostilius [1] removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa ~~[2]~~. The Iulii also existed at an early period at Bovillae ~~[3]~~ as it is recorded in a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the Alban rites. ~~[4] [5]~~.	+	The Iulii were of Alban origin, and it is mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullius Hostilius <ref>Tullius Hostilius was the legendary third king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius and was succeeded by Ancus Marcius. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus was known as a warlike king.Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1,22 "He was not only unlike the last king, but he was a man of more warlike spirit even than Romulus"</ref>removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa <ref>Alba Longa was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Rome, in the Alban Hills. Founder and head of the Latin League, it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. In legend, Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, had come from the royal dynasty of Alba Longa.</ref>The Iulii also existed at an early period at Bovillae<ref>Bovillae an ancient town in Lazio, central Italy, located c.11 miles or 18 km south-east of Rome</ref>as it is recorded in a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the Alban rites.<ref>Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, XI.24.</ref>, <ref>Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia, III. 9.</ref>.

−	Iulii Caesares is a subdivision of the patrician Iulli family in the Roman Republic, and the beginnings of the Julian side of the Iulio – Claudian Dinasty. All its members had the nomen Iulius and the cognomen Caesar and can only be told apart by numbers and differing praenomina.	+	Iulii Caesares is a subdivision of the patrician Iulli family in the Roman Republic, and the beginnings of the Julian side of the Iulio-Claudian Dinasty. All its members had the nomen Iulius and the cognomen Caesar and can only be told apart by numbers and differing praenomina.

−	'''Sextus Iulius Caesar''' was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common ''praenomina'' used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius~~, which was the ''praenomen'' of the most famous Iulius Caesar~~.	+	'''Sextus Iulius Caesar''' was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common ''praenomina'' used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius.

−	'''Iulii Caesares''' family tree ~~[6]~~	+	'''Iulii Caesares''' family tree<ref>Image from Livius.Org, with permission.</ref>

	[[Image:Iulii Caesares.jpg\|center]]		[[Image:Iulii Caesares.jpg\|center]]
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	It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Julius Caesar'''.		It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Julius Caesar'''.

−	He was a praetor in Sicily in 208 BC, commanding the ''legiones Cannanenses'', the legions formed from the survivors of Cannae ~~[7]~~.On his return he was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the ''comitia''. ~~[8][9~~].	+	He was a praetor in Sicily in 208 BC, commanding the ''legiones Cannanenses'', the legions formed from the survivors of Cannae<ref>Cannae - the place of a major battle of the Second Punic War which took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage under Hannibal decisively defeated a larger army of the Roman Republic under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. It is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and has been regarded as the worst defeat in Roman history</ref>.On his return he was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the ''comitia''.<ref>Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27,21; Book 22,29. Perseus Digital Library.</ref>, <ref>T.R.S Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic (American Philological Association, 1951, 1986), vol.1, p.290] - online book at “babel.hathitrust.org“</ref>

	The origin of the ''cognomen'' Caesar is equally uncertain.		The origin of the ''cognomen'' Caesar is equally uncertain.

−	Spartianus ~~[10]~~, in his life of Aelius Verus, mentions four different opinions respecting its origin:	+	Spartianus<ref>Aelius Spartianus, Historia Augusta, The life of Aelius, 2.3; Lacus Curtius - Bill Thayer, public domain.</ref>, in his life of Aelius Verus, mentions four different opinions respecting its origin:
−	* That the word signified an elephant (''caesai'') in the language of the Moors [11], and was given as a surname to one of the Iulii because he had killed an elephant, or	+
−	* That it was given to one of the Iulii because he had been cut out of his mother's womb (''a caeso matris utero'') after her death; or	+
−	* Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (''a caesaries'') on his head; or	+
−	* Because he had azure-colored (''a caesiis oculis'') eyes of an almost supernatural kind.	+
−	Of these opinions the third, which is also given by Festus [12], seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar and caesaries are both probably connected with the Sanskrit ''kêsa'', "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance.	+

−	The ~~most famous Caesar was [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]]~~ the ~~Dictator~~ of the ~~Roman Republic~~.	+	* That the word signified an elephant (''caesai'') in the language of the Moors<ref>The Moors were the medieval inhabitants of Marocco, Western Algeria, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Sicily, Malta and the Iberian Peninsula.</ref>and was given as a surname to one of the Iulii because he had killed an elephant; or

−	~~The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title;~~ it was ~~greatly promulgated by~~ the ~~Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar~~'s~~, and unto God the things that are God~~'~~s". Later, the title became the German~~ ''~~Kaiser~~'~~' and Slavic ''Tsar/Czar''.~~	+	* That it was given to one of the Iulii because he had been cut out of his mother's womb (''a caeso matris utero'') after her death; or

−	~~The Caesar’s Comet [13] was perhaps the most famous comet of antiquity. The seven-day visitation was taken by Romans as~~ a ~~sign~~ of ~~the deification of the recently dead dictator, Iulius Caesar (100 - 44 BC). According to Suetonius [14], as celebrations were getting underway~~ (''~~Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, during Augustus~~'') ~~, "a comet shone for seven successive days, rising about the eleventh hour, and was believed to be the soul of Caesar."~~	+	* Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (''a caesaries'') on his head; or

		+	* Because he had azure-colored (''a caesiis oculis'') eyes of an almost supernatural kind.

−	~~----~~	+	Of these opinions the third, which is also given by Festus<ref>Sextus Pompeius Festus was a Roman grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo (Narbonne) in Gaul. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.</ref>, seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar and caesaries are both probably connected with the Sanskrit ''kêsa'', "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance.
−		+
−	~~Dictionary of terms & references:~~	+
−		+
−	~~1. Tullus Hostilius (673 BC - 642 BC) was~~ the ~~legendary~~ third ~~king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius and was succeeded~~ by ~~Ancus Marcius. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus~~ was ~~known as~~ a ~~warlike king.[Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1,22 "He was not only unlike~~ the ~~last king~~, ~~but he was a man of more warlike spirit even than Romulus".~~	+
−		+
−	~~2. Alba Longa was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy, 12 miles~~ (~~19 km~~) ~~southeast of Rome,~~ in ~~the Alban Hills~~. ~~Founder and head of the Latin League~~, ~~it was destroyed by Rome around~~ the ~~middle of the 7th century BC~~. ~~In legend, Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome~~, ~~had~~ come ~~from~~ the ~~royal dynasty of Alba Longa~~.	+
−		+
−	~~3. Bovillae - an ancient town in Lazio~~, ~~central Italy~~, ~~located c.11 miles or 18 km south-east of Rome.~~	+
−		+
−	~~4. Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, XI.24.~~	+
−		+
−	~~5. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia, III. 9.~~	+
−		+
−	~~6. Image from Livius.Org, with permission.~~	+
−		+
−	7. Cannae - the place of a major battle of the Second Punic War which took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage under Hannibal decisively defeated a larger army of the Roman Republic under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and ~~Gaius Terentius Varro. It~~ is ~~regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats~~ in ~~military history and has been regarded as~~ the ~~worst defeat~~ in ~~Roman history~~.	+

−	~~8. Livy, The History~~ of ~~Rome, Book 27,21; Book 22,29. Perseus Digital Library~~.	+	Among Iulii Caesares the most famous Caesar was [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]] the Dictator of the Roman Republic.

−	~~9. T.R.S Broughton,~~ The ~~Magistrates of~~ the ~~Roman Republic (American Philological Association~~, ~~1951~~, ~~1986), vol~~.1, ~~p.290] - online book at “babel.hathitrust~~.~~org “~~	+	The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's"<ref>Matthew 22.21</ref>. Later, the title became the German ''Kaiser'' and Slavic ''Tsar/Czar''.

−	~~10. Aelius Spartianus~~, ~~Historia Augusta~~, The ~~life~~ of ~~Aelius~~, 2.~~3; Lacus Curtius~~ - ~~Bill Thayer~~, ~~public domain~~.	+	The Caesar’s Comet<ref>Caesar's Comet, (numerical designation C/-43 K1) - also known as Comet Caesar and the Great Comet of 44 BC - Grant, Michael (1970), The Roman Forum, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Photos by Werner Forman, p. 94.</ref>was perhaps the most famous comet of antiquity. The seven-day visitation was taken by Romans as a sign of the deification of the recently dead dictator, Iulius Caesar (100 - 44 BC). According to Suetonius<ref>C. Suetonius Tranquillus - “The lives of the twelve Caesars”, LXXXVIII; The Project Guntenberg Ebooks.</ref>, as celebrations were getting underway (''Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, during Augustus'') , "a comet shone for seven successive days, rising about the eleventh hour, and was believed to be the soul of Caesar."

−	~~11. Moors - The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of Morocco, western Algeria, Western Sahara, Mauritania, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, and Malta.~~

−	~~12. Sextus Pompeius Festus - was a Roman grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo (Narbonne) in Gaul. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.~~	+	==References==

−	~~13. Caesar's Comet, (numerical designation C~~/~~-43 K1) - also known as Comet Caesar and the Great Comet of 44 BC - Grant, Michael (1970), The Roman Forum, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Photos by Werner Forman, p. 94.~~	+	<references />

−	~~14. C. Suetonius Tranquillus - “The lives of the twelve Caesars”, LXXXVIII; The Project Guntenberg Ebooks.~~

	[[Category: Magistrates]]		[[Category: Magistrates]]

Titus Iulius Sabinus: more

2014-02-21T00:55:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:55, 21 February 2014
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		+	{{LanguageBar\|Sextus Iulius Caesar}}
		+
		+
	The '''Gens Iulia''' was one of the most ancient patrician families of Ancient Rome. Members of the Gens Iulia attained the highest dignities of the state since the earliest times of the Roman Republic.		The '''Gens Iulia''' was one of the most ancient patrician families of Ancient Rome. Members of the Gens Iulia attained the highest dignities of the state since the earliest times of the Roman Republic.

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	'''Sextus Iulius Caesar''' was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common ''praenomina'' used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius, which was the ''praenomen'' of the most famous Iulius Caesar.		'''Sextus Iulius Caesar''' was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common ''praenomina'' used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius, which was the ''praenomen'' of the most famous Iulius Caesar.

−	[[Image:Iulii Caesares.jpg\|center]~~] [6~~]	+	'''Iulii Caesares''' family tree [6]
		+
		+	[[Image:Iulii Caesares.jpg\|center]]

	It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Julius Caesar'''.		It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Julius Caesar'''.
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	* Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (''a caesaries'') on his head; or		* Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (''a caesaries'') on his head; or
	* Because he had azure-colored (''a caesiis oculis'') eyes of an almost supernatural kind.		* Because he had azure-colored (''a caesiis oculis'') eyes of an almost supernatural kind.
−	Of these opinions the third, which is also given by Festus [12], seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar and caesaries are both probably connected with the Sanskrit ''kêsa'', "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance..	+	Of these opinions the third, which is also given by Festus [12], seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar and caesaries are both probably connected with the Sanskrit ''kêsa'', "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance.
		+
		+	The most famous Caesar was [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]] the Dictator of the Roman Republic.

	The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's". Later, the title became the German ''Kaiser'' and Slavic ''Tsar/Czar''.		The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's". Later, the title became the German ''Kaiser'' and Slavic ''Tsar/Czar''.
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	[[Category: Magistrates]]		[[Category: Magistrates]]
	[[Category: Historians]]		[[Category: Historians]]
−	[[Category: ~~Praetors~~]]	+	[[Category: Praetores]]
	[[Category: Gens Iulia\|Caesar\|Sextus]]		[[Category: Gens Iulia\|Caesar\|Sextus]]

Titus Iulius Sabinus: still work in progress

2014-02-21T00:17:16Z

still work in progress

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:17, 21 February 2014
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	The '''Gens Iulia''' was one of the most ancient patrician families of Ancient Rome. Members of the Gens Iulia attained the highest dignities of the state since the earliest times of the Roman Republic.		The '''Gens Iulia''' was one of the most ancient patrician families of Ancient Rome. Members of the Gens Iulia attained the highest dignities of the state since the earliest times of the Roman Republic.

−	The ~~Julii~~ were of Alban origin, and it is mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullius Hostilius [1] removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa [2]. The ~~Julii~~ also existed at an early period at Bovillae [3] as it is recorded in a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the Alban rites. [4] [5].	+	The Iulii were of Alban origin, and it is mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullius Hostilius [1] removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa [2]. The Iulii also existed at an early period at Bovillae [3] as it is recorded in a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the Alban rites. [4] [5].

	Iulii Caesares is a subdivision of the patrician Iulli family in the Roman Republic, and the beginnings of the Julian side of the Iulio – Claudian Dinasty. All its members had the nomen Iulius and the cognomen Caesar and can only be told apart by numbers and differing praenomina.		Iulii Caesares is a subdivision of the patrician Iulli family in the Roman Republic, and the beginnings of the Julian side of the Iulio – Claudian Dinasty. All its members had the nomen Iulius and the cognomen Caesar and can only be told apart by numbers and differing praenomina.

−	Sextus Iulius Caesar was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common praenomina used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius, which was the praenomen of the most famous Iulius Caesar.	+	'''Sextus Iulius Caesar''' was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common ''praenomina'' used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius, which was the ''praenomen'' of the most famous Iulius Caesar.

−	~~It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Julius Caesar''', praetor in BC 208~~.	+	[[Image:Iulii Caesares.jpg\|center]] [6]

−	~~He was a praetor in Sicily in 208 BC, commanding the legiones Cannanenses, the legions formed from the survivors of Cannae [7].On his return he was one~~ of the ~~ambassadors sent to~~ the ~~consul T. Quinctius Crispinus, after the death~~ of ~~the other consul~~, ~~Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, if he could not himself come to Rome to hold~~ the ~~comitia. [8][9]~~.	+	It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Julius Caesar'''.

−	The origin of the ~~name Caear~~ is equally uncertain.	+	He was a praetor in Sicily in 208 BC, commanding the ''legiones Cannanenses'', the legions formed from the survivors of Cannae [7].On his return he was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the ''comitia''. [8][9].
		+
		+	The origin of the ''cognomen'' Caesar is equally uncertain.

	Spartianus [10], in his life of Aelius Verus, mentions four different opinions respecting its origin:		Spartianus [10], in his life of Aelius Verus, mentions four different opinions respecting its origin:
−	* That the word signified an elephant (caesai) in the language of the Moors [11], and was given as a surname to one of the ~~Julii~~ because he had killed an elephant, or	+	* That the word signified an elephant (''caesai'') in the language of the Moors [11], and was given as a surname to one of the Iulii because he had killed an elephant, or
−	* That it was given to one of the ~~Julii~~ because he had been cut out of his mother's womb (a caeso matris utero) after her death; or	+	* That it was given to one of the Iulii because he had been cut out of his mother's womb (''a caeso matris utero'') after her death; or
−	* Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (a caesaries) on his head; or	+	* Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (''a caesaries'') on his head; or
−	* Because he had azure-colored (a caesiis oculis) eyes of an almost supernatural kind.	+	* Because he had azure-colored (''a caesiis oculis'') eyes of an almost supernatural kind.
−	Of these opinions the third, which is also given by Festus [12], seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar and caesaries are both probably connected with the Sanskrit kêsa, "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance..	+	Of these opinions the third, which is also given by Festus [12], seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar and caesaries are both probably connected with the Sanskrit ''kêsa'', "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance..
		+
		+	The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's". Later, the title became the German ''Kaiser'' and Slavic ''Tsar/Czar''.
		+
		+	The Caesar’s Comet [13] was perhaps the most famous comet of antiquity. The seven-day visitation was taken by Romans as a sign of the deification of the recently dead dictator, Iulius Caesar (100 - 44 BC). According to Suetonius [14], as celebrations were getting underway (''Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, during Augustus'') , "a comet shone for seven successive days, rising about the eleventh hour, and was believed to be the soul of Caesar."

−	The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's". Later, the title became the German Kaiser and Slavic Tsar/Czar.

−	~~The Caesar’s Comet [13] was perhaps the most famous comet of antiquity. The seven~~-day visitation was taken by Romans as a sign of the deification of the recently dead dictator, Iulius Caesar (100–44 BC). According to Suetonius [14], as celebrations were getting underway (Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, during Augustus) , "a comet shone for seven successive days, rising about the eleventh hour, and was believed to be the soul of Caesar."	+	----

	Dictionary of terms & references:		Dictionary of terms & references:
Line 53:		Line 58:

	14. C. Suetonius Tranquillus - “The lives of the twelve Caesars”, LXXXVIII; The Project Guntenberg Ebooks.		14. C. Suetonius Tranquillus - “The lives of the twelve Caesars”, LXXXVIII; The Project Guntenberg Ebooks.
		+
		+	[[Category: Magistrates]]
		+	[[Category: Historians]]
		+	[[Category: Praetors]]
		+	[[Category: Gens Iulia\|Caesar\|Sextus]]

Titus Iulius Sabinus: Sextus Iulius Caesar - work in progress

2014-02-20T23:53:48Z

Sextus Iulius Caesar - work in progress

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The '''Gens Iulia''' was one of the most ancient patrician families of Ancient Rome. Members of the Gens Iulia attained the highest dignities of the state since the earliest times of the Roman Republic.

The Julii were of Alban origin, and it is mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which Tullius Hostilius [1] removed to Rome upon the destruction of Alba Longa [2]. The Julii also existed at an early period at Bovillae [3] as it is recorded in a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the Alban rites. [4] [5].

Iulii Caesares is a subdivision of the patrician Iulli family in the Roman Republic, and the beginnings of the Julian side of the Iulio – Claudian Dinasty. All its members had the nomen Iulius and the cognomen Caesar and can only be told apart by numbers and differing praenomina.

Sextus Iulius Caesar was the name of several ancient Roman men of the Iulli Caesares family. Sextus was one of the three most common praenomina used by the Iulii Caesares, the others being Lucius and Gaius, which was the praenomen of the most famous Iulius Caesar.

It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of Caesar, but the first who occurs in history is '''Sextus Julius Caesar''', praetor in BC 208.

He was a praetor in Sicily in 208 BC, commanding the legiones Cannanenses, the legions formed from the survivors of Cannae [7].On his return he was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the comitia. [8][9].

The origin of the name Caear is equally uncertain.

Spartianus [10], in his life of Aelius Verus, mentions four different opinions respecting its origin:
* That the word signified an elephant (caesai) in the language of the Moors [11], and was given as a surname to one of the Julii because he had killed an elephant, or
* That it was given to one of the Julii because he had been cut out of his mother's womb (a caeso matris utero) after her death; or
* Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (a caesaries) on his head; or
* Because he had azure-colored (a caesiis oculis) eyes of an almost supernatural kind.
Of these opinions the third, which is also given by Festus [12], seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar and caesaries are both probably connected with the Sanskrit kêsa, "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance..

The cognomen Caesar would itself become a title; it was greatly promulgated by the Bible, by the famous verse "Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's". Later, the title became the German Kaiser and Slavic Tsar/Czar.

The Caesar’s Comet [13] was perhaps the most famous comet of antiquity. The seven-day visitation was taken by Romans as a sign of the deification of the recently dead dictator, Iulius Caesar (100–44 BC). According to Suetonius [14], as celebrations were getting underway (Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, during Augustus) , "a comet shone for seven successive days, rising about the eleventh hour, and was believed to be the soul of Caesar."

Dictionary of terms & references:

1. Tullus Hostilius (673 BC - 642 BC) was the legendary third king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius and was succeeded by Ancus Marcius. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus was known as a warlike king.[Livy, Ab urbe condita, 1,22 "He was not only unlike the last king, but he was a man of more warlike spirit even than Romulus".

2. Alba Longa was an ancient city of Latium in central Italy, 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Rome, in the Alban Hills. Founder and head of the Latin League, it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. In legend, Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, had come from the royal dynasty of Alba Longa.

3. Bovillae - an ancient town in Lazio, central Italy, located c.11 miles or 18 km south-east of Rome.

4. Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, XI.24.

5. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia, III. 9.

6. Image from Livius.Org, with permission.

7. Cannae - the place of a major battle of the Second Punic War which took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia in southeast Italy. The army of Carthage under Hannibal decisively defeated a larger army of the Roman Republic under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. It is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats in military history and has been regarded as the worst defeat in Roman history.

8. Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27,21; Book 22,29. Perseus Digital Library.

9. T.R.S Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic (American Philological Association, 1951, 1986), vol.1, p.290] - online book at “babel.hathitrust.org “

10. Aelius Spartianus, Historia Augusta, The life of Aelius, 2.3; Lacus Curtius - Bill Thayer, public domain.

11. Moors - The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of Morocco, western Algeria, Western Sahara, Mauritania, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, and Malta.

12. Sextus Pompeius Festus - was a Roman grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo (Narbonne) in Gaul. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

13. Caesar's Comet, (numerical designation C/-43 K1) - also known as Comet Caesar and the Great Comet of 44 BC - Grant, Michael (1970), The Roman Forum, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Photos by Werner Forman, p. 94.

14. C. Suetonius Tranquillus - “The lives of the twelve Caesars”, LXXXVIII; The Project Guntenberg Ebooks.