Roman gods - Revision history

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: mark for citations

2015-11-08T01:06:02Z

mark for citations

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:06, 8 November 2015
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−	{{LanguageBar\|Roman gods}}	+	{{LanguageBar\|Roman gods}}{{cite-many}}

	At the founding of Rome, the gods were ''[[numen\|numina]]'', divine manifestations, faceless, formless, but no less powerful. The idea of gods as anthropomorphized beings came later, with the influence from Etruscans and Greeks, whose gods had human form. Some of the Roman Gods are at least as old as the founding of Rome.		At the founding of Rome, the gods were ''[[numen\|numina]]'', divine manifestations, faceless, formless, but no less powerful. The idea of gods as anthropomorphized beings came later, with the influence from Etruscans and Greeks, whose gods had human form. Some of the Roman Gods are at least as old as the founding of Rome.

Lucius Vitellius Triarius: linked new page in

2013-08-06T06:38:45Z

linked new page in

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:38, 6 August 2013
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	{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}		{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}
		+
		+	==The Roman Pantheon==
		+
		+	For more specific information on the Roman Pantheon, see '''[[List of Roman Dieties]]'''

	<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>		<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 13:26, 1 April 2009

2009-04-01T13:26:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 1 April 2009
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	{{:Dii Novensiles}}		{{:Dii Novensiles}}
		+
		+	==''Dii Inferi''==
		+
		+	{{:Dii Inferi}}

	{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}		{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}

	<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>		<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: included Dii Consentes

2009-04-01T13:08:05Z

included Dii Consentes

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 1 April 2009
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	* [[Apollo]] - god of light, healing, music, poetry, prophecy, archery and truth		* [[Apollo]] - god of light, healing, music, poetry, prophecy, archery and truth

−	These are the ones listed by the poet [[Ennius]] about the 3rd Century, BCE. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the ''Porticus Deorum Consentium''. As there were six male and six female, they may well have been the twelve worshiped at the ''[[lectisternium]]'' of 217 BC.	+	These are the ones listed by the poet [[Ennius]] about the 3rd Century, BCE. {{:Dii Consentes}}
−		+
−	~~The number 12 was taken from the [[Etruscan]]s, which also worshipped a main pantheon of 12 gods. Nevertheless, the ''~~Dii Consentes'' were not identified with Etruscan deities but rather with the Greek Olympian gods (though the original character of the Roman gods was different from the Greek, having no myths traditionally associated). The twelve ''Dii Consentes'' are lead by the first three, which for the '''Capitoline Triad'''. These are the three cornerstones of [[Roman religion]], whose rites were conducted in the [[Capitolium Vetus]] on the [[Capitoline Hill]].	+

	==''Dii Familiares''==		==''Dii Familiares''==

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: added inclusions

2009-04-01T12:39:50Z

added inclusions

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 1 April 2009
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	==''Dii Familiares''==		==''Dii Familiares''==

−	What better characterizes ~~the traditional Roman religion is the '''household or family cult''' of the ''[[~~Dii Familiares]]''. In this cult, the ''[[Lar\|Lar Familiaris]]'' (guardian spirit - ''[[Genius]]'' - of the family), the ''[[Lar\|Lares Loci]]'' (guardian spirits of the place where the house is built), the ''Genius'' of the ''pater familias'' (house-father), the [[Penates\|Dii Penates]] (patron gods of the storeroom), the ''[[Manes\|Dii Manes]]'' (spirits of the deceased) and a multitude of other domestic deities are daily worshipped by the members of the family. The [[household cult]] is so important that it even serves as the model for several practices of the state cult (e.g. there were the ''Lares Praestites'', ''Penates Publici'') Even during the Empire, the imperial cult came to be based on the household cult, now interpreted as the cult of the ''Genius'' of the emperor, ''pater familias'' of the family of all the Romans).	+	What better characterizes {{:Dii Familiares}}

	==''Dii Indigetes''==		==''Dii Indigetes''==

−	There is also a group of mysterious deities formed by native tutelary deities, river gods or deified heroes from [[Latium]] which are collectively called ''[[Dii Indigites]]'' (e.g. deified [[Aeneas]], [[Faunus]], [[Sol Indiges]], [[Iuppiter Indiges]], [[Numicus]]). A multitude of other deities is also traditionally worshipped, which includes tutelary deities (e.g. [[Roma]], [[Tiberinus]]), native Latin deities (e.g. [[Bellus]], [[Bellona]], [[Liber]], [[Libera]]), abstract deities such as [[Fortuna]] (Fortune), [[Concordia]] (Concord), [[Pax]] (Peace), [[Iustitia]] (Justice), etc.	+	There is also a group of mysterious deities {{:Dii Indigetes}}
−		+
−	~~Pre-Roman native Italian deities mainly adopted from the Sabines and Etruscans are also worshipped~~: ~~[[Nerio]] (Sabine deity and the consort of Mars), [[Dius Fidius]] (Sabine as well), etc. In fact, [[Quirinus]] and [[Vertumnus]] were also adopted respectively from the Sabines and Etruscans. The ''[[~~Dii Inferi]]'', gods of the Underworld (''Inferus'') are [[Dis]] (Orcus) and [[Proserpina]], equated to the Greek gods Hades/Pluton (Pluto in Latin) and Persephone. These gods symbolize the creative power of the Earth which provide human beings the means for subsistence (Dis = wealth = Pluton in greek). The ''Inferus'' is also traditionally regarded as the home for the spirits of the dead, though the concept of afterlife was quite varied.	+

	==''Dii Novensiles''==		==''Dii Novensiles''==

−	The pious spirit of the Romans consists of a constant wish to bring the favour of the divine upon him, the family and the state. As such, the Roman is naturally willing to pay the deserved homage and sacrifice to foreign deities, specially if he is in their land. In order to achieve victory in war, the Romans often asked the favour of the gods of their enemies, paying them sacrifices even greater than those offered by their own people. This spirit joined by the affluence of foreigners which resulted either from trade or conquest, brought new cults to Rome. These were as expected democratically adopted by permitting the priests of these gods to establish temples in Rome. Among the foreign deities, the ''[[Dii Novensiles]]'', are Apollo, Ceres (these were adopted as early as to allow them to become part of the ''Dii Consentes''), [[Bacchus]] (Dionysus), [[Sol Invictus]], [[Isis]], [[Serapis]], [[Magna Mater]] (Cybele), [[Attis]], [[Mithras]] and many others.	+	{{:Dii Novensiles}}
−		+
−	~~Other important gods are [[Ianus]], [[Saturnus]], [[Quirinus]], [[Volturnus]], [[Pales]], [[Furrina]], [[Flora]], [[Carmenta]], [[Pomona]], [[Portunus]] and [[Fontanus]].~~	+

	{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}		{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}

	<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>		<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 12:19, 1 April 2009

2009-04-01T12:19:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:19, 1 April 2009
Line 28:		Line 28:
	==''Dii Familiares''==		==''Dii Familiares''==

−	What better characterizes the traditional Roman religion is the '''household or family cult''' of the ''[[Dii Familiares]]''. In this cult, the ''[[Lar\|Lar Familiaris]]'' (guardian spirit - ''[[Genius]]'' - of the family), the ''[[Lar\|Lares Loci]]'' (guardian spirits of the place where the house is built), the ''Genius'' of the ''pater familias'' (house-father), the [[Penates\|Dii Penates]] (patron gods of the storeroom), the ''[[Manes\|Dii Manes]]'' (spirits of the deceased) and a multitude of other domestic deities are daily worshipped by the members of the family. The [[household cult]] is so important that it even serves as the model for several practices of the state cult (e.g. there were the ''Lares Praestites'', ''Penates Publici'') Even during the Empire, the imperial cult came to be based on the household cult, now interpreted as the cult of the ''Genius'' of the emperor, ~~paterfamilias~~ of the family of all the Romans).	+	What better characterizes the traditional Roman religion is the '''household or family cult''' of the ''[[Dii Familiares]]''. In this cult, the ''[[Lar\|Lar Familiaris]]'' (guardian spirit - ''[[Genius]]'' - of the family), the ''[[Lar\|Lares Loci]]'' (guardian spirits of the place where the house is built), the ''Genius'' of the ''pater familias'' (house-father), the [[Penates\|Dii Penates]] (patron gods of the storeroom), the ''[[Manes\|Dii Manes]]'' (spirits of the deceased) and a multitude of other domestic deities are daily worshipped by the members of the family. The [[household cult]] is so important that it even serves as the model for several practices of the state cult (e.g. there were the ''Lares Praestites'', ''Penates Publici'') Even during the Empire, the imperial cult came to be based on the household cult, now interpreted as the cult of the ''Genius'' of the emperor, ''pater familias'' of the family of all the Romans).

	==''Dii Indigetes''==		==''Dii Indigetes''==

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: /* ''Dii Familiares'' */

2009-04-01T12:16:41Z

''Dii Familiares''

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:16, 1 April 2009
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	==''Dii Familiares''==		==''Dii Familiares''==

−	What better characterizes the traditional Roman religion is the '''household or family cult''' of the ''~~'''~~Dii Familiares~~'''~~''. In this cult, the ''[[Lar\|Lar Familiaris]]'' (guardian spirit - ''[[Genius]]'' - of the family), the ''[[Lar\|Lares Loci]]'' (guardian spirits of the place where the house is built), the ''Genius'' of the ''pater familias'' (house-father), the [[Penates\|Dii Penates]] (patron gods of the storeroom), the ''[[Manes\|Dii Manes]]'' (spirits of the deceased) and a multitude of other domestic deities are daily worshipped by the members of the family. The [[household cult]] is so important that it even serves as the model for several practices of the state cult (e.g. there were the ''Lares Praestites'', ''Penates Publici'') Even during the Empire, the imperial cult came to be based on the household cult, now interpreted as the cult of the ''Genius'' of the emperor, paterfamilias of the family of all the Romans).	+	What better characterizes the traditional Roman religion is the '''household or family cult''' of the ''[[Dii Familiares]]''. In this cult, the ''[[Lar\|Lar Familiaris]]'' (guardian spirit - ''[[Genius]]'' - of the family), the ''[[Lar\|Lares Loci]]'' (guardian spirits of the place where the house is built), the ''Genius'' of the ''pater familias'' (house-father), the [[Penates\|Dii Penates]] (patron gods of the storeroom), the ''[[Manes\|Dii Manes]]'' (spirits of the deceased) and a multitude of other domestic deities are daily worshipped by the members of the family. The [[household cult]] is so important that it even serves as the model for several practices of the state cult (e.g. there were the ''Lares Praestites'', ''Penates Publici'') Even during the Empire, the imperial cult came to be based on the household cult, now interpreted as the cult of the ''Genius'' of the emperor, paterfamilias of the family of all the Romans).

	==''Dii Indigetes''==		==''Dii Indigetes''==

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 11:29, 1 April 2009

2009-04-01T11:29:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:29, 1 April 2009
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	==''Dii Consentes''==		==''Dii Consentes''==

−	A group of twelve gods called [[Dii Consentes]] (also ''Dii Complices'')is especially honored by the Romans:	+	A group of twelve gods called [[Dii Consentes]] (also ''Dii Complices'') is especially honored by the Romans:

	* [[Iuppiter]] - or Jupiter, King of the gods; god of the sky, thunder, and justice		* [[Iuppiter]] - or Jupiter, King of the gods; god of the sky, thunder, and justice
Line 24:		Line 24:
	These are the ones listed by the poet [[Ennius]] about the 3rd Century, BCE. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the ''Porticus Deorum Consentium''. As there were six male and six female, they may well have been the twelve worshiped at the ''[[lectisternium]]'' of 217 BC.		These are the ones listed by the poet [[Ennius]] about the 3rd Century, BCE. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the ''Porticus Deorum Consentium''. As there were six male and six female, they may well have been the twelve worshiped at the ''[[lectisternium]]'' of 217 BC.

−	~~A '''''lectisternium''''' is a banquet of the gods, where the statues of the gods were put upon cushions, and where these statues were offered meals.~~ The number 12 was taken from the [[Etruscan]]s, which also worshipped a main pantheon of 12 gods. Nevertheless, the ''Dii Consentes'' were not identified with Etruscan deities but rather with the Greek Olympian gods (though the original character of the Roman gods was different from the Greek, having no myths traditionally associated). The twelve ''Dii Consentes'' are lead by the first three, which for the '''Capitoline Triad'''. These are the three cornerstones of [[Roman religion]], whose rites were conducted in the [[Capitolium Vetus]] on the [[Capitoline Hill]].	+	The number 12 was taken from the [[Etruscan]]s, which also worshipped a main pantheon of 12 gods. Nevertheless, the ''Dii Consentes'' were not identified with Etruscan deities but rather with the Greek Olympian gods (though the original character of the Roman gods was different from the Greek, having no myths traditionally associated). The twelve ''Dii Consentes'' are lead by the first three, which for the '''Capitoline Triad'''. These are the three cornerstones of [[Roman religion]], whose rites were conducted in the [[Capitolium Vetus]] on the [[Capitoline Hill]].

	==''Dii Familiares''==		==''Dii Familiares''==

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: added more from the old website

2009-04-01T11:06:46Z

added more from the old website

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 1 April 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{LanguageBar\|Roman gods}}		{{LanguageBar\|Roman gods}}

−	At the founding of Rome, the gods were '''numina''', divine manifestations, faceless, formless, but no less powerful. The idea of gods as anthropomorphized beings came later, with the influence from Etruscans and Greeks, whose gods had human form. Some of the Roman Gods are at least as old as the founding of Rome.	+	At the founding of Rome, the gods were ''[[numen\|numina]]'', divine manifestations, faceless, formless, but no less powerful. The idea of gods as anthropomorphized beings came later, with the influence from Etruscans and Greeks, whose gods had human form. Some of the Roman Gods are at least as old as the founding of Rome.

−	The concept of '''numen''' continued to exist and it was related to any manifestation of the divine. For the Romans, everything in nature is thought to be inhabited by '''numina''', which explains the large number of deities in the Roman pantheon. '''Numina''' manifest the divine will by means of natural phenomena, which the pious Roman constantly seeks to interpret. Great attention is paid to omens and portents in every aspect of Roman daily life.	+	The concept of '''''numen''''' continued to exist and it was related to any manifestation of the divine. For the Romans, everything in nature is thought to be inhabited by ''numina'', which explains the large number of deities in the Roman pantheon. ''Numina'' manifest the divine will by means of natural phenomena, which the pious Roman constantly seeks to interpret. Great attention is paid to omens and portents in every aspect of Roman daily life.
		+
		+	==''Dii Consentes''==
		+
		+	A group of twelve gods called [[Dii Consentes]] (also ''Dii Complices'')is especially honored by the Romans:
		+
		+	* [[Iuppiter]] - or Jupiter, King of the gods; god of the sky, thunder, and justice
		+	* [[Iuno]] - Queen of the gods and of the heavens; goddess of women, marriage, and motherhood
		+	* [[Minerva]] - goddess of wisdom, crafts, and strategic battle
		+	* [[Vesta]] - goddess of the hearth and the Roman state
		+	* [[Ceres]] - goddess of fertility, agriculture, nature, and the seasons
		+	* [[Diana]] - goddess of the hunt, the moon, virginity, and childbirth, twin sister of Apollo
		+	* [[Venus]] - goddess of love, beauty, desire, and fertility
		+	* [[Mars]] - warrior god of honour, valour, and fertility; father of Romulus, the founder of Rome
		+	* [[Mercurius]] - or Mercury, messenger of the gods; god of commerce, speed, thieves, and trade
		+	* [[Neptunus]] - or Neptune, god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses
		+	* [[Volcanus]] - or Vulcan, god of the forge, fire, and blacksmiths
		+	* [[Apollo]] - god of light, healing, music, poetry, prophecy, archery and truth
		+
		+	These are the ones listed by the poet [[Ennius]] about the 3rd Century, BCE. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the ''Porticus Deorum Consentium''. As there were six male and six female, they may well have been the twelve worshiped at the ''[[lectisternium]]'' of 217 BC.
		+
		+	A '''''lectisternium''''' is a banquet of the gods, where the statues of the gods were put upon cushions, and where these statues were offered meals. The number 12 was taken from the [[Etruscan]]s, which also worshipped a main pantheon of 12 gods. Nevertheless, the ''Dii Consentes'' were not identified with Etruscan deities but rather with the Greek Olympian gods (though the original character of the Roman gods was different from the Greek, having no myths traditionally associated). The twelve ''Dii Consentes'' are lead by the first three, which for the '''Capitoline Triad'''. These are the three cornerstones of [[Roman religion]], whose rites were conducted in the [[Capitolium Vetus]] on the [[Capitoline Hill]].
		+
		+	==''Dii Familiares''==
		+
		+	What better characterizes the traditional Roman religion is the '''household or family cult''' of the '''''Dii Familiares'''''. In this cult, the ''[[Lar\|Lar Familiaris]]'' (guardian spirit - ''[[Genius]]'' - of the family), the ''[[Lar\|Lares Loci]]'' (guardian spirits of the place where the house is built), the ''Genius'' of the ''pater familias'' (house-father), the [[Penates\|Dii Penates]] (patron gods of the storeroom), the ''[[Manes\|Dii Manes]]'' (spirits of the deceased) and a multitude of other domestic deities are daily worshipped by the members of the family. The [[household cult]] is so important that it even serves as the model for several practices of the state cult (e.g. there were the ''Lares Praestites'', ''Penates Publici'') Even during the Empire, the imperial cult came to be based on the household cult, now interpreted as the cult of the ''Genius'' of the emperor, paterfamilias of the family of all the Romans).
		+
		+	==''Dii Indigetes''==
		+
		+	There is also a group of mysterious deities formed by native tutelary deities, river gods or deified heroes from [[Latium]] which are collectively called ''[[Dii Indigites]]'' (e.g. deified [[Aeneas]], [[Faunus]], [[Sol Indiges]], [[Iuppiter Indiges]], [[Numicus]]). A multitude of other deities is also traditionally worshipped, which includes tutelary deities (e.g. [[Roma]], [[Tiberinus]]), native Latin deities (e.g. [[Bellus]], [[Bellona]], [[Liber]], [[Libera]]), abstract deities such as [[Fortuna]] (Fortune), [[Concordia]] (Concord), [[Pax]] (Peace), [[Iustitia]] (Justice), etc.
		+
		+	Pre-Roman native Italian deities mainly adopted from the Sabines and Etruscans are also worshipped: [[Nerio]] (Sabine deity and the consort of Mars), [[Dius Fidius]] (Sabine as well), etc. In fact, [[Quirinus]] and [[Vertumnus]] were also adopted respectively from the Sabines and Etruscans. The ''[[Dii Inferi]]'', gods of the Underworld (''Inferus'') are [[Dis]] (Orcus) and [[Proserpina]], equated to the Greek gods Hades/Pluton (Pluto in Latin) and Persephone. These gods symbolize the creative power of the Earth which provide human beings the means for subsistence (Dis = wealth = Pluton in greek). The ''Inferus'' is also traditionally regarded as the home for the spirits of the dead, though the concept of afterlife was quite varied.
		+
		+	==''Dii Novensiles''==
		+
		+	The pious spirit of the Romans consists of a constant wish to bring the favour of the divine upon him, the family and the state. As such, the Roman is naturally willing to pay the deserved homage and sacrifice to foreign deities, specially if he is in their land. In order to achieve victory in war, the Romans often asked the favour of the gods of their enemies, paying them sacrifices even greater than those offered by their own people. This spirit joined by the affluence of foreigners which resulted either from trade or conquest, brought new cults to Rome. These were as expected democratically adopted by permitting the priests of these gods to establish temples in Rome. Among the foreign deities, the ''[[Dii Novensiles]]'', are Apollo, Ceres (these were adopted as early as to allow them to become part of the ''Dii Consentes''), [[Bacchus]] (Dionysus), [[Sol Invictus]], [[Isis]], [[Serapis]], [[Magna Mater]] (Cybele), [[Attis]], [[Mithras]] and many others.
		+
		+	Other important gods are [[Ianus]], [[Saturnus]], [[Quirinus]], [[Volturnus]], [[Pales]], [[Furrina]], [[Flora]], [[Carmenta]], [[Pomona]], [[Portunus]] and [[Fontanus]].

	{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}		{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}

	<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>		<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>

M. Lucretius Agricola: remove the worst errors

2008-09-13T10:11:00Z

remove the worst errors

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 13 September 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{LanguageBar\|Roman gods}}		{{LanguageBar\|Roman gods}}

−	At the founding of Rome, the gods were '''numina''', divine manifestations, faceless, formless, but no less powerful. The idea of gods as anthropomorphized beings came later, with the influence from Etruscans and Greeks, ~~which~~ had human form. Some of the Roman Gods are at least as old as the founding of Rome.	+	At the founding of Rome, the gods were '''numina''', divine manifestations, faceless, formless, but no less powerful. The idea of gods as anthropomorphized beings came later, with the influence from Etruscans and Greeks, whose gods had human form. Some of the Roman Gods are at least as old as the founding of Rome.

−	The concept of '''numen''' continued to exist and it was related to any manifestation of the divine. For the Romans, everything in ~~Nature~~ is thought to be inhabited by '''numina''', which explains the ~~big~~ number of deities in the Roman pantheon~~, as will be shown~~. '''Numina''' manifest the divine will by means of natural phenomena, which the pious Roman constantly seeks to interpret. ~~That's why great~~ attention is paid to omens and portents in every aspect of Roman daily life.	+	The concept of '''numen''' continued to exist and it was related to any manifestation of the divine. For the Romans, everything in nature is thought to be inhabited by '''numina''', which explains the large number of deities in the Roman pantheon. '''Numina''' manifest the divine will by means of natural phenomena, which the pious Roman constantly seeks to interpret. Great attention is paid to omens and portents in every aspect of Roman daily life.
−		+
−	~~These are the traditional gods of the [[Roman religion]]~~.	+

	{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}		{{Commercial\|Sacred Source}}

	<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>		<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude>