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	<onlyinclude>A ''cognomen'' is a family name which would be shared by a group of blood relatives. ''Cognomina'' often, but not always, referred to a person's appearance or other characteristics. It was also common to have a ''cognomen'' referring to a place of birth, a job, or some other thing which distinguished the person (usually an ancestor) who first bore that ''cognomen''. It is the third part of the ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>A ''cognomen'' is a family name which would be shared by a group of blood relatives. ''Cognomina'' often, but not always, referred to a person's appearance or other characteristics. It was also common to have a ''cognomen'' referring to a place of birth, a job, or some other thing which distinguished the person (usually an ancestor) who first bore that ''cognomen''. It is the third part of the ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>

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	Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").		Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").
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−	~~==See also==~~
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−	* [[LA:Nomen\|Nomen]]
−	* [[LA:Praenomen\|Praenomen]]
−	* [[LA:Roman name\|Roman name]]
−	* [[LA:Using Roman names\|Using Roman names]]
−	* [[LA:Choosing a Roman name\|Choosing a Roman name]] in Nova Roma.
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	[[Category:Roma Antiqua]]		[[Category:Roma Antiqua]]

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{{LanguageBar|Cognomen}}

<onlyinclude>A ''cognomen'' is a family name which would be shared by a group of blood relatives. ''Cognomina'' often, but not always, referred to a person's appearance or other characteristics. It was also common to have a ''cognomen'' referring to a place of birth, a job, or some other thing which distinguished the person (usually an ancestor) who first bore that ''cognomen''. It is the third part of the ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>

====The Characteristics of ''Cognomina''====

Ancient republican ''cognomina'' had certain general characteristics. A person was not given his ''cognomen'' by his parents and did not choose it for himself: he either inherited it from his parents or was given it by general consensus within the community. In this sense a ''cognomen'' was like a nickname. For this reason, they were usually objective rather than subjective, concrete rather than abstract, and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary.

====Inheritance====

A Roman almost always took his father's ''cognomen'', especially if his father himself inherited the name from ''his'' father. Cases in which a ''cognomen'' may not be passed down from father to son are those where the ''cognomen'' is particularly closely associated with the father and would not be relevant to the son.

''Agnomina'' are not usually inherited. Adoptive ''cognomina'' and matronymic ''cognomina'' are never inherited.

====Ancient Republican ''Cognomina''====

A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable so long as it complies with the general characteristics noted above. Here is a list of some ancient republican ''cognomina'' with their meanings. Some ''cognomina'' were used especially by certain ''gentes'': these are noted in the list, but they may also be used by members of other ''gentes''.

<br style="clear:both"/>
{{TableOfCognomina}}
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====Geographical ''Cognomina''====

Some people had ''cognomina'' which referred to the place where they came from, whether a city (e.g. '''Collatinus''', "man from Collatia"), a region (e.g. '''Campanus''', "man from Campania"), or a tribe (e.g. '''Sabinus''', "man of the Sabines").

These geographical ''cognomina'' should be distinguished from honorific ''cognomina'' like '''Germanicus''' or '''Britannicus'''. These names do not refer to a place of origin but to a military achievement. If someone is called '''Britannicus''' it does not mean he is from Britain, it means he won a great victory against the Britons. Names like this are not allowed, for obvious reasons.

====Occupational ''Cognomina''====

Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").

<br style="clear:both"/>

==See also==

* [[LA:Nomen|Nomen]]
* [[LA:Praenomen|Praenomen]]
* [[LA:Roman name|Roman name]]
* [[LA:Using Roman names|Using Roman names]]
* [[LA:Choosing a Roman name|Choosing a Roman name]] in Nova Roma.

[[Category:Roma Antiqua]]

LA:Cognomen - Revision history

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