Gens - Revision history

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: Removed unattested gens Ambrosia. Moved to Nova Roma gens page.

2024-08-26T05:30:32Z

Removed unattested gens Ambrosia. Moved to Nova Roma gens page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:30, 26 August 2024
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	==Amatia==		==Amatia==
	Surnamed Pseudomarius, a person of low origin, who pretended to be either the son or grandson of the great Marius. On the death of Julius Caesar B. C. 44, he came forward as a popular leader, and erected an altar to Caesar on the spot where his body had been burnt. He was, however, shortly afterwards seized by the consul Antony and put to death without a trial. This illegal act was approved of by the senate in consequence of the advantages they derived from it. Valerius Maximus (9.15.2) says, that his name was Herophilus. (Appian, App. BC 3.2, 3; Liv. Epit. 116; Cic. Att. 12.49, 14.6-8, Philipp. 1.2; Nicolaus Damascenus, Vit. Aug. 100.14. p. 258, ed. Coraes.)<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D18%3Aentry%3Damatius-bio-1</ref>		Surnamed Pseudomarius, a person of low origin, who pretended to be either the son or grandson of the great Marius. On the death of Julius Caesar B. C. 44, he came forward as a popular leader, and erected an altar to Caesar on the spot where his body had been burnt. He was, however, shortly afterwards seized by the consul Antony and put to death without a trial. This illegal act was approved of by the senate in consequence of the advantages they derived from it. Valerius Maximus (9.15.2) says, that his name was Herophilus. (Appian, App. BC 3.2, 3; Liv. Epit. 116; Cic. Att. 12.49, 14.6-8, Philipp. 1.2; Nicolaus Damascenus, Vit. Aug. 100.14. p. 258, ed. Coraes.)<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D18%3Aentry%3Damatius-bio-1</ref>
−	~~==Ambrosia==~~
−	The name Ambrosius is derived from the Greek name Αμβροσιος (Ambrosios) meaning "immortal." It was a common Roman [[Roman name\|cognomen]]. St. Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan (c340-397) was born at Trier, where his father Aurelius Ambrosius was Praefectus of Gallia Narbonensis.
−
−	As a [[Roman name\|nomen]], ''Ambrosius'' is documented in the Late Empire. Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius was a Roman grammarian and Neoplatonic philosopher who flourished during the reigns of Honorius and Arcadius (395-423). As usual for this period, his [[Roman name\|praenomen]] is not known. He tells us that that Latin was to him a foreign tongue, but no evidence about his origin survives. He is variously thought to have been Greek or African. He might have been the Macrobius who was mentioned in the ''Codex Theodosianus'' as a praetorian prefect of Spain in 399-400, proconsul of Africa in 410, and lord chamberlain in 422. His ''Saturnalia'' is a dialogue in seven books. It is chiefly a literary evaluation of Vergil. Macrobius also wrote a commentary on Cicero's ''Dream of Scipio'', which was popular in the Middle Ages and influenced Chaucer. Macrobius was among the first to hold the idea of a spherical earth.
−
−	Ambrosius Aurelianus (''fl.'' 440), called the "Last of the Romans", led the Romans in Britain following the withdrawal of the legions in 410. He gave his name to Amesbury in Wiltshire. According to Gildas, Ambrosius was "courageous, faithful, valiant and true; a man of Roman birth who had alone survived the conflict, his parents, who had worn the purple, having perished in the struggle; his descendants, greatly degenerated in these days from the excellence of their grandfather, still provoke their conquerors [the Saxons] to battle, and by the grace of God their prayers for victory are heard."<ref>Gildas, ''De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae'', ''circa'' 540</ref>According to Bede, Ambrosius came to power in 479.<ref>Bede, ''Chronica Majora'', 725</ref>Fragments of his life were preserved in the ''Historia Britonum''.<ref>Nennius, ''Historia Britonum'', ''circa'' 833</ref>In Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudo-history, he is incorrectly called Aurelius Ambrosius and said, controversially, to have been a son of Constantine III, who was elected Emperor of Britannia, Gaul and Hispania in the reign of [Honorius].<ref>Geoffrey of Monmouth, ''Historia Regum Britanniae'', ''circa'' 1136.</ref>Ambrosius' history became entangled with, and obscured by, the legend of King Arthur, his supposed nephew.
−	~~===Ambrosia in Nova Roma===~~
−	'''Gens Ambrosia''' was one of the [[Early Citizens (Nova Roma)\|original gentes]] of [[Nova Roma]]. Its early members were [[patrician (Nova Roma)\|patrician]]. When its founder [[Lucian Ambrosius Neptunius (Nova Roma)\|Lucian Ambrosius Neptunius]] left Nova Roma in April 2751 a.u.c., [[Merlinia Ambrosia Artoria]] became the [[paterfamilias\|materfamilias]]. Its members have previously shared an interest in Roman Britannia.
−
	==Annaea==		==Annaea==
	An attested gens known through several famous names including M. Annaeus Seneca, or the elder Seneca, or Seneca the elder. Seneca was gifted with a prodigious memory. He was a man of letters, after the fashion of his time, when rhetoric or false eloquence was most in vogue. His Controversiarum Libri decem, which he addressed to his three sons, were written when he was an old man. The first, second, seventh, eighth, and tenth books only, are extant, and these are somewhat mutilated : of the other books only fragments remain. These Controversiae are rhetorical exercises on imaginary cases, filled with common-places, such as a man of large verbal memory and great reading carries about with him as his ready money.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DS%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dseneca-m-annaeus-bio-1</ref>		An attested gens known through several famous names including M. Annaeus Seneca, or the elder Seneca, or Seneca the elder. Seneca was gifted with a prodigious memory. He was a man of letters, after the fashion of his time, when rhetoric or false eloquence was most in vogue. His Controversiarum Libri decem, which he addressed to his three sons, were written when he was an old man. The first, second, seventh, eighth, and tenth books only, are extant, and these are somewhat mutilated : of the other books only fragments remain. These Controversiae are rhetorical exercises on imaginary cases, filled with common-places, such as a man of large verbal memory and great reading carries about with him as his ready money.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DS%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dseneca-m-annaeus-bio-1</ref>

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: Final batch of gens additiosn from old categories.

2024-07-09T07:29:23Z

Final batch of gens additiosn from old categories.

Show changes

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: Added more from closing gens category pages.

2024-07-09T00:47:43Z

Added more from closing gens category pages.

Show changes

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: Added more from collapsing gens categories.

2024-07-08T15:14:48Z

Added more from collapsing gens categories.

Show changes

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: /* Introduction */ Fixing broken links

2024-07-08T13:54:43Z

Introduction: Fixing broken links

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 8 July 2024
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	=Introduction=		=Introduction=

−	A '''''gens''''' is a group of families sharing a common ''[[nomen]]'': for example, ~~[[Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus\|~~P. '''Cornelius''' Scipio]], ~~[[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix\|~~L. '''Cornelius''' Sulla]], and ~~[[Publius Cornelius Dolabella\|~~P. '''Cornelius''' Dolabella]] were all '''Cornelii''', or members of the '''''gens''''' '''Cornelia'''.	+	A '''''gens''''' is a group of families sharing a common ''[[nomen]]'': for example, P. '''Cornelius''' Scipio, L. '''Cornelius''' Sulla, and P. '''Cornelius''' Dolabella were all '''Cornelii''', or members of the '''''gens''''' '''Cornelia'''.

	Early social organization in central Italy was centered around the ''[[gens]]'', (clan), an "aristocratic lineage or group of lineages and some of their lesser followers and dependents"<ref>Boatwright, M., Gargola, D., Talbert, R. (2004), "The Romans From Village to Empire", Oxford University Press</ref>. Inscriptions from the 7th century BCE show names consisting by that date of ''praenomen'' (identifies the individual) and ''nomen'' (identifies the ''gens'').		Early social organization in central Italy was centered around the ''[[gens]]'', (clan), an "aristocratic lineage or group of lineages and some of their lesser followers and dependents"<ref>Boatwright, M., Gargola, D., Talbert, R. (2004), "The Romans From Village to Empire", Oxford University Press</ref>. Inscriptions from the 7th century BCE show names consisting by that date of ''praenomen'' (identifies the individual) and ''nomen'' (identifies the ''gens'').
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	For more on selecting a Roman name in Nova Roma, visit ''[[Choosing a Roman name]]''.		For more on selecting a Roman name in Nova Roma, visit ''[[Choosing a Roman name]]''.
−

	=Gentes of ancient Rome=		=Gentes of ancient Rome=

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: /* Ambrosia */ Fixing broken links

2024-07-08T13:53:30Z

Ambrosia: Fixing broken links

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 8 July 2024
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	Surnamed Pseudomarius, a person of low origin, who pretended to be either the son or grandson of the great Marius. On the death of Julius Caesar B. C. 44, he came forward as a popular leader, and erected an altar to Caesar on the spot where his body had been burnt. He was, however, shortly afterwards seized by the consul Antony and put to death without a trial. This illegal act was approved of by the senate in consequence of the advantages they derived from it. Valerius Maximus (9.15.2) says, that his name was Herophilus. (Appian, App. BC 3.2, 3; Liv. Epit. 116; Cic. Att. 12.49, 14.6-8, Philipp. 1.2; Nicolaus Damascenus, Vit. Aug. 100.14. p. 258, ed. Coraes.)<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D18%3Aentry%3Damatius-bio-1</ref>		Surnamed Pseudomarius, a person of low origin, who pretended to be either the son or grandson of the great Marius. On the death of Julius Caesar B. C. 44, he came forward as a popular leader, and erected an altar to Caesar on the spot where his body had been burnt. He was, however, shortly afterwards seized by the consul Antony and put to death without a trial. This illegal act was approved of by the senate in consequence of the advantages they derived from it. Valerius Maximus (9.15.2) says, that his name was Herophilus. (Appian, App. BC 3.2, 3; Liv. Epit. 116; Cic. Att. 12.49, 14.6-8, Philipp. 1.2; Nicolaus Damascenus, Vit. Aug. 100.14. p. 258, ed. Coraes.)<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D18%3Aentry%3Damatius-bio-1</ref>
	==Ambrosia==		==Ambrosia==
−	The name Ambrosius is derived from the Greek name Αμβροσιος (Ambrosios) meaning "immortal." It was a common Roman [[Roman name\|cognomen]]. St. Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan (c340-397) was born at Trier, where his father Aurelius Ambrosius was [[Praefectus]] of [[Gallia Narbonensis]].	+	The name Ambrosius is derived from the Greek name Αμβροσιος (Ambrosios) meaning "immortal." It was a common Roman [[Roman name\|cognomen]]. St. Ambrose, Archbishop of Milan (c340-397) was born at Trier, where his father Aurelius Ambrosius was Praefectus of Gallia Narbonensis.

−	As a [[Roman name\|nomen]], ''Ambrosius'' is documented in the Late Empire. Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius was a Roman grammarian and Neoplatonic philosopher who flourished during the reigns of [[Honorius]] and [[Arcadius]] (395-423). As usual for this period, his [[Roman name\|praenomen]] is not known. He tells us that that Latin was to him a foreign tongue, but no evidence about his origin survives. He is variously thought to have been Greek or African. He might have been the Macrobius who was mentioned in the ''Codex Theodosianus'' as a praetorian prefect of Spain in 399-400, proconsul of Africa in 410, and lord chamberlain in 422. His ''Saturnalia'' is a dialogue in seven books. It is chiefly a literary evaluation of Vergil. Macrobius also wrote a commentary on Cicero's ''Dream of Scipio'', which was popular in the Middle Ages and influenced Chaucer. Macrobius was among the first to hold the idea of a spherical earth.	+	As a [[Roman name\|nomen]], ''Ambrosius'' is documented in the Late Empire. Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius was a Roman grammarian and Neoplatonic philosopher who flourished during the reigns of Honorius and Arcadius (395-423). As usual for this period, his [[Roman name\|praenomen]] is not known. He tells us that that Latin was to him a foreign tongue, but no evidence about his origin survives. He is variously thought to have been Greek or African. He might have been the Macrobius who was mentioned in the ''Codex Theodosianus'' as a praetorian prefect of Spain in 399-400, proconsul of Africa in 410, and lord chamberlain in 422. His ''Saturnalia'' is a dialogue in seven books. It is chiefly a literary evaluation of Vergil. Macrobius also wrote a commentary on Cicero's ''Dream of Scipio'', which was popular in the Middle Ages and influenced Chaucer. Macrobius was among the first to hold the idea of a spherical earth.

	Ambrosius Aurelianus (''fl.'' 440), called the "Last of the Romans", led the Romans in Britain following the withdrawal of the legions in 410. He gave his name to Amesbury in Wiltshire. According to Gildas, Ambrosius was "courageous, faithful, valiant and true; a man of Roman birth who had alone survived the conflict, his parents, who had worn the purple, having perished in the struggle; his descendants, greatly degenerated in these days from the excellence of their grandfather, still provoke their conquerors [the Saxons] to battle, and by the grace of God their prayers for victory are heard."<ref>Gildas, ''De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae'', ''circa'' 540</ref>According to Bede, Ambrosius came to power in 479.<ref>Bede, ''Chronica Majora'', 725</ref>Fragments of his life were preserved in the ''Historia Britonum''.<ref>Nennius, ''Historia Britonum'', ''circa'' 833</ref>In Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudo-history, he is incorrectly called Aurelius Ambrosius and said, controversially, to have been a son of Constantine III, who was elected Emperor of Britannia, Gaul and Hispania in the reign of [Honorius].<ref>Geoffrey of Monmouth, ''Historia Regum Britanniae'', ''circa'' 1136.</ref>Ambrosius' history became entangled with, and obscured by, the legend of King Arthur, his supposed nephew.		Ambrosius Aurelianus (''fl.'' 440), called the "Last of the Romans", led the Romans in Britain following the withdrawal of the legions in 410. He gave his name to Amesbury in Wiltshire. According to Gildas, Ambrosius was "courageous, faithful, valiant and true; a man of Roman birth who had alone survived the conflict, his parents, who had worn the purple, having perished in the struggle; his descendants, greatly degenerated in these days from the excellence of their grandfather, still provoke their conquerors [the Saxons] to battle, and by the grace of God their prayers for victory are heard."<ref>Gildas, ''De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae'', ''circa'' 540</ref>According to Bede, Ambrosius came to power in 479.<ref>Bede, ''Chronica Majora'', 725</ref>Fragments of his life were preserved in the ''Historia Britonum''.<ref>Nennius, ''Historia Britonum'', ''circa'' 833</ref>In Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudo-history, he is incorrectly called Aurelius Ambrosius and said, controversially, to have been a son of Constantine III, who was elected Emperor of Britannia, Gaul and Hispania in the reign of [Honorius].<ref>Geoffrey of Monmouth, ''Historia Regum Britanniae'', ''circa'' 1136.</ref>Ambrosius' history became entangled with, and obscured by, the legend of King Arthur, his supposed nephew.
	===Ambrosia in Nova Roma===		===Ambrosia in Nova Roma===
	'''Gens Ambrosia''' was one of the [[Early Citizens (Nova Roma)\|original gentes]] of [[Nova Roma]]. Its early members were [[patrician (Nova Roma)\|patrician]]. When its founder [[Lucian Ambrosius Neptunius (Nova Roma)\|Lucian Ambrosius Neptunius]] left Nova Roma in April 2751 a.u.c., [[Merlinia Ambrosia Artoria]] became the [[paterfamilias\|materfamilias]]. Its members have previously shared an interest in Roman Britannia.		'''Gens Ambrosia''' was one of the [[Early Citizens (Nova Roma)\|original gentes]] of [[Nova Roma]]. Its early members were [[patrician (Nova Roma)\|patrician]]. When its founder [[Lucian Ambrosius Neptunius (Nova Roma)\|Lucian Ambrosius Neptunius]] left Nova Roma in April 2751 a.u.c., [[Merlinia Ambrosia Artoria]] became the [[paterfamilias\|materfamilias]]. Its members have previously shared an interest in Roman Britannia.
		+
	==Annaea==		==Annaea==
	An attested gens known through several famous names including M. Annaeus Seneca, or the elder Seneca, or Seneca the elder. Seneca was gifted with a prodigious memory. He was a man of letters, after the fashion of his time, when rhetoric or false eloquence was most in vogue. His Controversiarum Libri decem, which he addressed to his three sons, were written when he was an old man. The first, second, seventh, eighth, and tenth books only, are extant, and these are somewhat mutilated : of the other books only fragments remain. These Controversiae are rhetorical exercises on imaginary cases, filled with common-places, such as a man of large verbal memory and great reading carries about with him as his ready money.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DS%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dseneca-m-annaeus-bio-1</ref>		An attested gens known through several famous names including M. Annaeus Seneca, or the elder Seneca, or Seneca the elder. Seneca was gifted with a prodigious memory. He was a man of letters, after the fashion of his time, when rhetoric or false eloquence was most in vogue. His Controversiarum Libri decem, which he addressed to his three sons, were written when he was an old man. The first, second, seventh, eighth, and tenth books only, are extant, and these are somewhat mutilated : of the other books only fragments remain. These Controversiae are rhetorical exercises on imaginary cases, filled with common-places, such as a man of large verbal memory and great reading carries about with him as his ready money.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DS%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dseneca-m-annaeus-bio-1</ref>

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: Adding more gens from closing category pages.

2024-07-08T13:51:48Z

Adding more gens from closing category pages.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:51, 8 July 2024
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	A '''''gens''''' is a group of families sharing a common ''[[nomen]]'': for example, [[Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus\|P. '''Cornelius''' Scipio]], [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix\|L. '''Cornelius''' Sulla]], and [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella\|P. '''Cornelius''' Dolabella]] were all '''Cornelii''', or members of the '''''gens''''' '''Cornelia'''.		A '''''gens''''' is a group of families sharing a common ''[[nomen]]'': for example, [[Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus\|P. '''Cornelius''' Scipio]], [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix\|L. '''Cornelius''' Sulla]], and [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella\|P. '''Cornelius''' Dolabella]] were all '''Cornelii''', or members of the '''''gens''''' '''Cornelia'''.

−	Early social organization in central Italy was centered around the ''[[gens]]'', (clan), an "aristocratic lineage or group of lineages and some of their lesser followers and dependents"<ref ~~name="village"~~>Boatwright, M., Gargola, D., Talbert, R. (2004), "The Romans From Village to Empire", Oxford University Press</ref>. Inscriptions from the 7th century BCE show names consisting by that date of ''praenomen'' (identifies the individual) and ''nomen'' (identifies the ''gens'')~~<ref name="village"/>~~.	+	Early social organization in central Italy was centered around the ''[[gens]]'', (clan), an "aristocratic lineage or group of lineages and some of their lesser followers and dependents"<ref>Boatwright, M., Gargola, D., Talbert, R. (2004), "The Romans From Village to Empire", Oxford University Press</ref>. Inscriptions from the 7th century BCE show names consisting by that date of ''praenomen'' (identifies the individual) and ''nomen'' (identifies the ''gens'').

	Membership of a ''gens'' is hereditary: a Roman child is in the ''gens'' of his or her father. Some ancient ''gentes'' claimed that all their members were descended from a common ancestor, but this was perhaps never true; in any case it was not true by the middle of the ancient republic.		Membership of a ''gens'' is hereditary: a Roman child is in the ''gens'' of his or her father. Some ancient ''gentes'' claimed that all their members were descended from a common ancestor, but this was perhaps never true; in any case it was not true by the middle of the ancient republic.
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	==Albia==		==Albia==
	No persons of this gens obtained any offices in the state till the first century B. C. They all bore the cognomen CARRINAS.		No persons of this gens obtained any offices in the state till the first century B. C. They all bore the cognomen CARRINAS.
−	<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street~~. In the article on Soranus, we find: "at this present time (1848)" and this date seems to reflect the dates of works cited. 1873 - probably the printing date~~.</ref>	+	<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street.</ref>
	==Amatia==		==Amatia==
	Surnamed Pseudomarius, a person of low origin, who pretended to be either the son or grandson of the great Marius. On the death of Julius Caesar B. C. 44, he came forward as a popular leader, and erected an altar to Caesar on the spot where his body had been burnt. He was, however, shortly afterwards seized by the consul Antony and put to death without a trial. This illegal act was approved of by the senate in consequence of the advantages they derived from it. Valerius Maximus (9.15.2) says, that his name was Herophilus. (Appian, App. BC 3.2, 3; Liv. Epit. 116; Cic. Att. 12.49, 14.6-8, Philipp. 1.2; Nicolaus Damascenus, Vit. Aug. 100.14. p. 258, ed. Coraes.)<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D18%3Aentry%3Damatius-bio-1</ref>		Surnamed Pseudomarius, a person of low origin, who pretended to be either the son or grandson of the great Marius. On the death of Julius Caesar B. C. 44, he came forward as a popular leader, and erected an altar to Caesar on the spot where his body had been burnt. He was, however, shortly afterwards seized by the consul Antony and put to death without a trial. This illegal act was approved of by the senate in consequence of the advantages they derived from it. Valerius Maximus (9.15.2) says, that his name was Herophilus. (Appian, App. BC 3.2, 3; Liv. Epit. 116; Cic. Att. 12.49, 14.6-8, Philipp. 1.2; Nicolaus Damascenus, Vit. Aug. 100.14. p. 258, ed. Coraes.)<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D18%3Aentry%3Damatius-bio-1</ref>
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	A plebeian. None of the members of this gens ever attained the consulship; and the first who held any of the higher offices of the state was C. Atinius Labeo, who was praetor B. C. 188. All the Atinii bear the cognomen LABEO.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D53%3Aentry%3Datinia-gens-bio-1</ref>		A plebeian. None of the members of this gens ever attained the consulship; and the first who held any of the higher offices of the state was C. Atinius Labeo, who was praetor B. C. 188. All the Atinii bear the cognomen LABEO.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D53%3Aentry%3Datinia-gens-bio-1</ref>
	==Artoria==		==Artoria==
−	An attested gens known through Romans like M. Artorius, a physician at Rome, who was one of the followers of Asclepiades (Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Acut. 3.14, p. 224), and afterwards became the friend and physician of Caesar Octavianus. He attended him in his campaign against Brutus and Cassius, B. C. 42, and it was by his advice, in consequence of a dream, that Octavianus was persuaded to leave his camp and assist in person at the battle of Philippi, notwithstanding a severe indisposition. This was probably the means of saving his life, as that part of the army was cut to pieces by Brutus. (Vell. Paterc. 2.70; Plut. Brut. 100.41, where some editions have Antonius instead of Artorius; Lactant. Divin. Instit. 2.8; D. C. 47.41; Valer. Max. 1.7.1; Tertull. De Anima, 100.46; Sueton. Aug. 100.91; Appian, De Bell. Civil. 4.110; Florus, 4.7.) He was drowned at sea shortly after the battle of Actium, B. C. 31. (S. Hieron. in Euseb. Chron..<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D48%3Aentry%3Dm-artorius-bio-1<ref>	+	An attested gens known through Romans like M. Artorius, a physician at Rome, who was one of the followers of Asclepiades (Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Acut. 3.14, p. 224), and afterwards became the friend and physician of Caesar Octavianus. He attended him in his campaign against Brutus and Cassius, B. C. 42, and it was by his advice, in consequence of a dream, that Octavianus was persuaded to leave his camp and assist in person at the battle of Philippi, notwithstanding a severe indisposition. This was probably the means of saving his life, as that part of the army was cut to pieces by Brutus. (Vell. Paterc. 2.70; Plut. Brut. 100.41, where some editions have Antonius instead of Artorius; Lactant. Divin. Instit. 2.8; D. C. 47.41; Valer. Max. 1.7.1; Tertull. De Anima, 100.46; Sueton. Aug. 100.91; Appian, De Bell. Civil. 4.110; Florus, 4.7.) He was drowned at sea shortly after the battle of Actium, B. C. 31. (S. Hieron. in Euseb. Chron..<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D48%3Aentry%3Dm-artorius-bio-1</ref>
	==Aurelia==		==Aurelia==
	A plebeian, of which the family names, under the republic, are COTTA, ORESTES, and SCAURUS. On coins we find the cognomens Cotta and Scaurus, and perhaps Rufus (Eckhel, v. p. 147), the last of which is not mentioned by historians. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was C. Aurelius Cotta in B. C. 252, from which time the Aurelii become distinguished in history down to the end of the republic. Under the early emperors, we find an Aurelian family of the name of Fulvus, from which the Roman emperor Antoninus was descended, whose name originally was T. Aurelius Fulvus.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D56%3Aentry%3Daurelia-gens-bio-1</ref>		A plebeian, of which the family names, under the republic, are COTTA, ORESTES, and SCAURUS. On coins we find the cognomens Cotta and Scaurus, and perhaps Rufus (Eckhel, v. p. 147), the last of which is not mentioned by historians. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was C. Aurelius Cotta in B. C. 252, from which time the Aurelii become distinguished in history down to the end of the republic. Under the early emperors, we find an Aurelian family of the name of Fulvus, from which the Roman emperor Antoninus was descended, whose name originally was T. Aurelius Fulvus.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D56%3Aentry%3Daurelia-gens-bio-1</ref>
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	===Equitia in Nova Roma===		===Equitia in Nova Roma===
	Gens Equitia is one of the original gentes of Nova Roma and was founded by Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus.		Gens Equitia is one of the original gentes of Nova Roma and was founded by Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus.
		+	==Fabia==
		+	One of the most ancient patrician gentes at Rome, which traced its origin to Hercules and the Arcadian Evander. (Ov. Fast. 2.237, ex Pon. 3.3. 99; Juv. 8.14; Plut. Fab. Max. 1; Paul. Diac. s. v. Favii, ed. Müller.) The name is said to have originally been Fodii or Fovii, which was believed to have been derived from the fact of the first who bore it having invented the method of catching wolves by means of ditches (foveac), whereas, according to Pliny, (Plin. Nat. 18.3), the name was derived from faba, a bean, a vegetable which the Fabii were said to have first cultivated. The question as to whether the Fabii were a Latin or a Sabine gens, is a disputed point. Niebuhr and, after him, Göttling (Gesch. der Röm. Staatsv. pp. 109, 194,) look upon them as Sabines. But the reason adduced does not seem satisfactory; and there is a legend in which their name occurs, which refers to a time when the Sabines were not yet incorporated in the Roman state. This legend, it is true, is related only by the pseudo-Aurelius Victor (de Orig. Gent. Rom. 22); but it is alluded to also by Plutarch (Romul. 22) and Valerius Maximus (2.2.9). When Romulus and Remus, it is said, after the d ath of Amulius, offered up sacrifices in the Lupercal, and afterwards celebrated a festival, which became the origin of the Lupercalia, the two heroes divided their band of shepherds into two parts, and each gave to his followers a special name: Romulus called his the Quinctilii, and Remus his the Fabii. (Comp. Ov. Fast. 2.361, &c., 375, &c.) This tradition seems to suggest, that the Fabii and Quinctilii in the earliest times had the superintendence of the sacra at the Lupercalia, and hence the two colleges of the Luperci retained these names even in much later times, although the privilege had ceased to be confined to those two gentes. (Cic. Phil. 2.34, 13.15, pro Cael. 26 ; Propert. 4.26; Plut. Caes. 61.) It was from the Fabia gens that one of the Roman tribes derived its name, as the Claudia, in later times, was named after the Claudia gens. The Fabii do not act a prominent part in history till after the establishment of the commonwealth; and three brothers belonging to the gens are said to have been invested with seven successive consulships, from B. C. 485 to 479. The house derived its greatest lustre from the patriotic courage and tragic fate of the 306 Fabii in the battle on the Cremera, B. C. 477. But the Fabii were not distinguished as warriors alone: several members of the gens act an important part also in the history of Roman literature and of the arts. The name occurs as late as the second century after the Christian aera. The family-names of this gens under the republic are:--AMBUSTUS, BUTEO, DORSO, LABEO, LICINUS, MAXIMUS (with the agnomens Aemilianus, Allobrogicus, Eburnus, Gurges, Rullianus, Servilianus, Verrucosus), PICTOR, and VMULANUS. The other cognomens, which do not belong to the gens, are given below.
		+	The only cognomens that occur on coins are Hispaniensis [see Vol. I. p. 180a.], Labeo, Maximus, and Pictor. The two coins represented below have no cognomen upon them, and it is doubtful to whom they are to be referred. The former has on the obverse the two-faced head of Janus, and on the reverse the prow of a ship: the latter ex hhibits on the obverse a female head, and on the reverse Victory in a biga; the letters EX A. PV. denote Ex Argento Publico. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 209, &c.).<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DF%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dfabia-gens-bio-1</ref>
		+	==Fabricia==
		+	Seems to have belonged originally to the Hernican town of Aletrium, where Fabricii occur as late as the time of Cicero (Cic. Clu. 16, &c.) The first Fabricius who occurs in history is the celebrated C. Fabricius Luscinus, who distinguished himself in the war against Pyrrhus, and who was probably the first of the Fabricii who quitted his native place and settled at Rome. We know that in B. C. 306, shortly before the war with Pyrrhus, most of the Hernican towns revolted against Rome, but were subdued and compelled to accept the Roman franchise without the suffrage : three towns, Aletrium, Ferentinum, and Verulae, which had remained faithful to Rome, were allowed to retain their former constitution; that is, they remained to Rome in the relation of isopolity. (Liv. 9.42, &c.) Now it is very probable that C. Fabricius Luscinus either at that time or soon after left Aletrium and settled at Rome, where, like other settlers from isopolite towns, he soon rose to high honours. Besides this Fabricius, no members of his family appear to have risen to any eminence at Rome; and we must conclude that they were either men of inferior talent, or, what is more probable, that being strangers, they laboured under great disadvantages, and that the jealousy of the illustrious Roman families, plebeian as well as patrician, kept them down, and prevented their maintaining the position which their sire had gained. LUSCINUS is the only cognomen of the Fabricii that we meet with under the republic: in the time of the empire we find a Fabricius with the cognomen VEIENTO. There are a few without a cognomen.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DF%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dfabricia-gens-bio-1</ref>
		+	==Fannia==
		+	A plebeian. No members of it are mentioned in Roman history previous to the second century B. C., and the first of them who obtained the consulship was C. Fannius Strabo, in B. C. 161. The only family-name which occurs in this gens under the republic is STRABO: the others are mentioned without a cognomen. There are a few coins belonging to this gens: one of them is given under CRITONIUS; another figured below bears on the obverse a head of Pallas, and on the reverse Victory in a quadriga, with M. FAN. C. F.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DF%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dfannia-gens-bio-1</ref>
		+	==Flavia==
		+	A plebeian. Members of it are mentioned in Roman history only during the last three centuries before the Christian era. It seems to have been of Sabine origin, and may have been connected with the Flavii that occur at Reate in the first century after Christ, and to whom the emperor Vespasian belonged. But the name Flavius occurs also in other countries of Italy, as Etruria and Lucania. During the later period of the Roman empire, the name Flavius descended from one emperor to another, Constantius, the father of Constantine the Great, being the first in the series. The cognomens that occur in the Flavia gens during the republic are FIMBRIA, GALLUS, LUCANUS, and PUSIO.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DF%3Aentry+group%3D5%3Aentry%3Dflavia-gens-bio-1</ref>
		+	==Fulvia==
		+	(of which the older term was Foulvia), plebeian, but one of the most illustrious Roman gentes. According to Cicero (pro Planc. 8, comp. Phil. 3.6) and Pliny (Plin. Nat. 7.44), this gens had come to Rome from Tusculum, although some members must have remained in their native place, since Fulvii occur at Tusculum as late as the time of Cicero. The gens Fulvia was believed to have received its sacra from Hercules after he had accomplished his twelve labours. The cognomens which occur in this gens in the time of the republic are BAMBALIO, CENTUMALUS, CURVUS (omitted under CURVUS, but given under FULVIUS), FLACCUS, GILLO, NTACCA, NOBILIOR, PAETINUS. and VERATIUS, or NERATIUS. The annexed coin, belonging to this gens, bears on the obverse a head of Pallas, with ROMA, and on the reverse Victory in a biga, with CN. FOUL. M. CAL. Q. MET., that is, Cn. Fulvius, M. Calidius, Q. Metellus.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DF%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dfulvia-gens-bio-1</ref>
		+	==Furia==
		+	A patrician. This was a very ancient gens, and in early times its name was written Fusia, according to the common interchange of the letters r and s (Liv. 3.4), as in the name Valerius and Valesius. History leaves us in darkness as to the origin of the Furia gens; but, from sepulchral inscriptions found at Tusculum (Gronov. Thesaur. vol. xii. p. 24), we see that the name Furius was very common in that place, and hence it is generally inferred that the Furia gens, like the Fulvia, had come to Rome from Tusculum. As the first member of the gens that occurs in history, Sex. Furius Medullinus, B. C. 488, is only five years later than the treaty of isopolity which Sp. Cassius concluded with the Latins, to whom the Tusculans belonged, the supposition of the Tusculan origin of the Furia gens does not appear at all improbable. The cognomens of this gens are ACULEO, BIBACULUS, BROCCHUS, CAMILLUS, CRASSIPES, FUSUS, LUSCUS, MEDULLINUS, PACILUS, PHILUS and PURPUREO. The only cognomens that occur on coins are Brocchus, Crassipes, Philus, Purpureo. There are some persons bearing the gentile name Furius, who were plebeians, since they are mentioned as tribunes of the plebs; and those persons either had gone over from the patricians to the plebeians, or they were descended from freedmen of some family of the Furii, as is expressly stated in the case of one of them.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DF%3Aentry+group%3D8%3Aentry%3Dfuria-gens-bio-1</ref>
	==Galeria==		==Galeria==
	The gens Galeria is seen through prominant figures like Galerius Trachalus who was consul A. D. 68 with Silius Italicus, and a relation of Galeria Fundana, the wife of Vitellius, who protected him on the accession of her husband to the throne. Trachalus is frequently mentioned by his contemporary Quintilian, as one of the most distinguished orators of his age. Tacitus takes notice of a report that Trachalus wrote the orations which the emperor Otho delivered, but the speeches of Otho in the Histories of Tacitus (1.37, 83) were composed by the historian and not by Trachalus. (Tac. Hist. 1.90, 2.60; Quint. Inst. 6.3.78, 8.5.19, 10.1.119, 12.5 § 5, 12.10.11; Spalding, ad Quintil. 6.3.78; Bernardi, Recherches sur Galerius Trachalus, in the Mémoires de l'Institut Royal de France, vol. vii. p. 119, foll., Paris, 1824 ; Meyer, Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta, p. 592, foll., 2d ed.).<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D20%3Aentry%3Dtrachalus-galerius-bio-1</ref>		The gens Galeria is seen through prominant figures like Galerius Trachalus who was consul A. D. 68 with Silius Italicus, and a relation of Galeria Fundana, the wife of Vitellius, who protected him on the accession of her husband to the throne. Trachalus is frequently mentioned by his contemporary Quintilian, as one of the most distinguished orators of his age. Tacitus takes notice of a report that Trachalus wrote the orations which the emperor Otho delivered, but the speeches of Otho in the Histories of Tacitus (1.37, 83) were composed by the historian and not by Trachalus. (Tac. Hist. 1.90, 2.60; Quint. Inst. 6.3.78, 8.5.19, 10.1.119, 12.5 § 5, 12.10.11; Spalding, ad Quintil. 6.3.78; Bernardi, Recherches sur Galerius Trachalus, in the Mémoires de l'Institut Royal de France, vol. vii. p. 119, foll., Paris, 1824 ; Meyer, Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta, p. 592, foll., 2d ed.).<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DT%3Aentry+group%3D20%3Aentry%3Dtrachalus-galerius-bio-1</ref>

Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: Adding more gens from closing categories.

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Adding more gens from closing categories.

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Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: added more from old gens categories

2024-07-07T15:19:48Z

added more from old gens categories

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Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius: Adding more gentes

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Adding more gentes

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 6 July 2024
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	==Caecilia==		==Caecilia==
	A plebeian; for the name of T. Caecilius in Livy (4.7, comp. 6), the patrician consular tribune in B. C. 444, is a false reading for T. Cloelius. A member of this gens is mentioned in history as early as the fifth century B. C.; but the first of the Caecilii who obtained the consulship was L. Caecilius Metellus Denter, in 284. The family of the Metelli became from this time one of the most distinguished in the state. Like other Roman families in the later times of the republic, they traced their origin to a mythical personage, and pretended that they were descended from Caeculus, the founder of Praeneste [CAECULUS], or Caecas, the companion of Aeneas. (Festus, s. v. Caeculus.) The cognomens of this gens under the republic are BASSUS, DENTER, MIETELLUS, NIGER, PINNA, RUFUS, of which the Metelli are the best known: for those whose cognomen is not mentioned, see CAECILIUS.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dcaecilia-gens-bio-1</ref>		A plebeian; for the name of T. Caecilius in Livy (4.7, comp. 6), the patrician consular tribune in B. C. 444, is a false reading for T. Cloelius. A member of this gens is mentioned in history as early as the fifth century B. C.; but the first of the Caecilii who obtained the consulship was L. Caecilius Metellus Denter, in 284. The family of the Metelli became from this time one of the most distinguished in the state. Like other Roman families in the later times of the republic, they traced their origin to a mythical personage, and pretended that they were descended from Caeculus, the founder of Praeneste [CAECULUS], or Caecas, the companion of Aeneas. (Festus, s. v. Caeculus.) The cognomens of this gens under the republic are BASSUS, DENTER, MIETELLUS, NIGER, PINNA, RUFUS, of which the Metelli are the best known: for those whose cognomen is not mentioned, see CAECILIUS.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dcaecilia-gens-bio-1</ref>
		+	==Cassia==
		+	Originally patrician, afterwards plebeian. We have mention of only one patrician of this gens, Sp. Cassius Viscellinus, consul in B. C. 502, and the proposer of the first agrarian law, who was put to death by the patricians. As all the Cassii after his time are plebeians, it is not improbable either that the patricians expelled them from their order, or that they abandoned it on account of the murder of Viscellinus. The Cassia gens was reckoned one of the noblest in Rome; and members of it are constantly mentioned under the empire as well as during the republic (Comp. Tac. Ann. 6.15.) The chief family in the time of the republic bears the name of LONGINUS : the other cognomens during that time are HEMINA, PARMENSIS, RAVILLA, SABACO, VARUS, VISCELLINUS. Under the empire, the surnames are very numerous : of these an alphabetical list is given below. The few persons of this gens mentioned without any cognomen are given under CASSIUS.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D13%3Aentry%3Dcassia-gens-bio-1</ref>
	==Claudia==		==Claudia==
	Both patrician and plebeian. The patrician Claudii were of Sabine origin, and came to Rome in B. C. 504, when they were received among the patricians. [CLAUDIUS, No. 1.] The patrician Claudii bear various surnames, as Caecus, Caudex, Centho, Crassus, Pulcher, Regillensis, and Sabinus, the two latter of which, though applicable to all of the gens, were seldom used, when there was also a more definite cognomen. But as these surnames did not mark distinct families, an account of all the patrician Claudii is given under CLAUDIUS, with the exception of those with the cognomen NERO, since they are better known under the latter name. The surnames of the plebeian Claudii are ASELLUS, CANINA, CENTUMALUS, CICERO, FLAMEN, and MARCELLUS, of which the last is by far the most celebrated.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D23%3Aentry%3Dclaudia-gens-bio-1</ref>		Both patrician and plebeian. The patrician Claudii were of Sabine origin, and came to Rome in B. C. 504, when they were received among the patricians. [CLAUDIUS, No. 1.] The patrician Claudii bear various surnames, as Caecus, Caudex, Centho, Crassus, Pulcher, Regillensis, and Sabinus, the two latter of which, though applicable to all of the gens, were seldom used, when there was also a more definite cognomen. But as these surnames did not mark distinct families, an account of all the patrician Claudii is given under CLAUDIUS, with the exception of those with the cognomen NERO, since they are better known under the latter name. The surnames of the plebeian Claudii are ASELLUS, CANINA, CENTUMALUS, CICERO, FLAMEN, and MARCELLUS, of which the last is by far the most celebrated.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DC%3Aentry+group%3D23%3Aentry%3Dclaudia-gens-bio-1</ref>
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	==Labiena==		==Labiena==
	The name of a Roman family, which does not occur in history till the last century of the republic. Most modern writers say that Labienus was a cognomen of the Atia gens, but there is no authority for this in any ancient author. The name was first assigned to this gens by P. Manutius, but apparently on conjecture ; and although Spanheim (De Praest. et Usu Numism. vol. ii. pp. 11, 12) pointed out that there was no authority for this, the error has been continued down to the present day, as, for instance, in Orelli's Onomasticon Tullianum.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dlabienus-bio-1</ref>		The name of a Roman family, which does not occur in history till the last century of the republic. Most modern writers say that Labienus was a cognomen of the Atia gens, but there is no authority for this in any ancient author. The name was first assigned to this gens by P. Manutius, but apparently on conjecture ; and although Spanheim (De Praest. et Usu Numism. vol. ii. pp. 11, 12) pointed out that there was no authority for this, the error has been continued down to the present day, as, for instance, in Orelli's Onomasticon Tullianum.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dlabienus-bio-1</ref>
		+	==Licinia==
		+	A celebrated plebeian gens, to which belonged C. Licinius Calvus Stolo, whose exertions threw open the consulship to the plebeians, and which became one of the most illustrious gentes in the latter days of the republic, by the Crassi and Luculli, who were likewise members of it. The origin of the gens is uncertain. A bilingual inscription, published by Lanzi (Saggio di Lingua Etrusc. vol. ii. p. 342, Rom. 1789), shows that the name of Lecne, which frequently occurs in Etruscan sepulchral monuments, corresponds to that of Licinius, and hence it would appear that the family was of Etruscan origin. This opinion is thought to be supported by the fact, that in the consulship of C. Licinius Calvus Stolo, B. C. 364, Etruscan players took part in the public games at Rome; but as it is recorded by Livy that scenic games were established in this year to avert the anger of the gods, and that Etruscan players were accordingly sent for (Liv. 7.2), it is not necessary to imagine that this was done simply because Licinius kept up his connection with Etruria. We moreover find the name in the cities of Latium, both in the form of a cognomen (Licinus), and of the gentile name (Licinius). Thus we meet in Tusculum with the Porcii Licini, and in Lanuvium with the Licinii Murenae [MURENA]. The name would therefore seem to have been originally spread both through Etruria and Latium.
		+	The first member of this gens who obtained the consulship, was the celebrated C. Licinius Calvus Stolo, in B. C. 364; and from this period down to the later times of the empire, the Licinii constantly held some of the higher offices of the state, until eventually they obtained the imperial dignity.
		+
		+	The family-names of this gens are, CALVUS (with the agnomens Esquilinus and Stolo), CRASSUS (with the agnomen Dives), GETA, LUCULLUS, MACER, MURENA, NERVA, SACERDOS, VARUS. The other cognomens of this gens are personal surnames rather than family-names: they are ARCHIAS, CAECINA, DAMASIPPUS, IMBREX, LARTIUS, LENTICULUS, NEPOS, PROCULUS, REGULUS, RUFINUS, SQUILLUS, TEGULA. The only cognomens which occur on coins are Crassus, Macer, Alurena, Nerva, Stolo. A few Licinii occur without a surname: they are, with one or two exceptions, freedmen, and are given under LICINIUS.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D13%3Aentry%3Dlicinia-gens-bio-1</ref>
	==Lucretia==		==Lucretia==
−	'''Lucretia''' was originally patrician, but subsequently plebeian also. It was one of the most ancient gentes, and the name occurs as early as the reign of Numa Pompilius ~~[LUCRETIA, No. 1]~~. The surname of the patrician Lucretii was TRICIPTINUS, one of whom, Sp. Lucretius Triciptinus, was elected consul, with L. Junius Brutus, on the establishment of the republic, B. C. 509. The plebeian families are known by the surnames of GALLUS 1, OFELLA, and VESPILLO. CARUS also occurs as the cognomen of the poet Lucretius. ~~[See below.]~~ On coins we have likewise the cognomen Trio, which is not found in any ancient writer. A few Lucretii are mentioned without any surname.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D17%3Aentry%3Dlucretia-gens-bio-1</ref>	+	'''Lucretia''' was originally patrician, but subsequently plebeian also. It was one of the most ancient gentes, and the name occurs as early as the reign of Numa Pompilius. The surname of the patrician Lucretii was TRICIPTINUS, one of whom, Sp. Lucretius Triciptinus, was elected consul, with L. Junius Brutus, on the establishment of the republic, B. C. 509. The plebeian families are known by the surnames of GALLUS 1, OFELLA, and VESPILLO. CARUS also occurs as the cognomen of the poet Lucretius. On coins we have likewise the cognomen Trio, which is not found in any ancient writer. A few Lucretii are mentioned without any surname.<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D17%3Aentry%3Dlucretia-gens-bio-1</ref>
	===Lucretia in Nova Roma===		===Lucretia in Nova Roma===
	Nova Roma's Gens Lucretia was created when some members of Gens Gladia decided to adopt a more traditional nomen, thereby re-establishing ancient Rome's gens Lucretia.		Nova Roma's Gens Lucretia was created when some members of Gens Gladia decided to adopt a more traditional nomen, thereby re-establishing ancient Rome's gens Lucretia.