FR:Cognomen - Revision history

Gaius Petronius Dexter at 20:46, 8 August 2008

2008-08-08T20:46:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:46, 8 August 2008
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	{{LanguageBar\|Cognomen}}		{{LanguageBar\|Cognomen}}

−	<onlyinclude>A ''cognomen'' ~~is a family name which would be shared by a group of blood relatives~~. ''~~Cognomina~~'' ~~often~~, ~~but not always~~, ~~referred to a person~~'~~s appearance or other characteristics~~. ~~It was also common to have a~~ ''cognomen'' ~~referring to a place of birth~~, ~~a job~~, ~~or some other thing which distinguished the person~~ (~~usually an ancestor~~) ~~who first bore that~~ ''cognomen''. ~~It is the third part of the~~ ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>	+	<onlyinclude>Le ''cognomen'' est le nom de famille que partagent les consanguins. Les ''cognomina'' souvent, mais pas toujours, se réfèrent à l'apparence ou à d'autres caractéristiques. Ainsi il était habituel d'avoir un ''cognomen'' qui faisait référence à un lieu de naissance, un métier, ou n'importe quoi d'autre qui distinguait la personne (très souvent un ancêtre) qui portait pour la première fois ce ''cognomen''. Il forme le troisième élément des ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>
	{{Roman name articles}}		{{Roman name articles}}

−	==~~The Characteristics of~~ ''Cognomina''==	+	==Les caractéristiques des ''Cognomina''==

−	~~Ancient republican~~ ''cognomina'' ~~had certain general characteristics~~. ~~A person was not given his~~ ''cognomen'' ~~by his parents and did not choose it for himself: he either inherited it from his~~ parents ~~or was given it by general~~ consensus ~~within the community~~. ~~In this sense a~~ ''cognomen'' ~~was like a nickname~~. ~~For this reason~~, ~~they were usually objective rather than subjective~~, ~~concrete rather than abstract~~, ~~and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary~~.	+	Les anciens ''cognomina'' républicains avaient certaines caractéristiques générales. Des parents ne donnaient pas un ''cognomen'' à leur enfant et celui-ci choisissait encore moins son ''cognomen''. En fait soit il l'héritait de ses parents, soit on le lui en donnait un par consensus. Sous cet aspect, un ''cognomen'' ressemblait à un surnom. Pour cette raison, ils étaient habituellement plus objectifs que subjectifs, plus concrets qu'abstraits, plus neutres ou péjoratifs qu'élogieux.

−	==~~Inheritance~~==	+	==Héritage==

−	~~A Roman almost always took his father's~~ ''cognomen'', ~~especially if his father himself inherited the name from~~ '~~'his'' father~~. ~~Cases in which a~~ ''cognomen'' ~~may not be passed down from father to son are those where the~~ ''cognomen'' ~~is particularly closely associated with the father and would not be relevant to the son~~.	+	Un Romain prenait presque toujours le ''cognomen'' paternel, surtout si le père l'avait lui-même hérité de son père. Parfois un ''cognomen'' ne pouvait pas se transmettre de père en fils, notamment un ''cognomen'' associé au père de façon étroite et n'ayant aucune caractéristique avec le fils.

−	''~~Agnomina~~'' ~~are not usually inherited~~. ~~Adoptive~~ ''cognomina'' ~~and matronymic~~ '~~'cognomina'' are never inherited~~.	+	Les ''agnomina'' ne se donnent pas habituellement par héritage. Les ''cognomina'' d'adoption ou maternels ne se transmettent jamais par héritage.

−	==~~Ancient Republican~~ ''Cognomina''==	+	==Les ''Cognomina'' dans l'ancienne République==

−	A ''cognomen'' ~~used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable so long as it complies with the general characteristics noted above~~. ~~Here is a list of some ancient republican~~ ''cognomina'' ~~with their meanings~~. ~~Some~~ ''cognomina'' ~~were used especially by certain ''~~gentes'': ~~these are noted in the list~~, ~~but they may also be used by members of other '~~'gentes''.	+	Un ''cognomen'' de l'ancienne république sera normalement accepté du moment qu'il respecte les caractéristiques ci-dessous. Voici une liste de quelques anciens ''cognomina'' républicains avec leur sens. Quelques ''cognomina'' étaient plus particulièrement en usage dans certaines gentes: comme précisé dans la liste, mais ils peuvent aussi être utilisés dans d'autres gentes.
	<!--		<!--
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−	===~~Geographical~~ ''Cognomina''===	+	===''Cognomina'' géographiques===

−	~~Some people had~~ ''cognomina'' ~~which referred to the place where they came from~~, ~~whether a city~~ (e.g. '''Collatinus''', "~~man from~~ Collatia"), ~~a region~~ (e.g. '''Campanus''', "~~man from Campania~~"), ~~or a tribe~~ (e.g. '''Sabinus''', "~~man of the Sabines~~").	+	Quelques uns avaient des ''cognomina'' qui se rapportaient à l'endroit d'où ils venaient, soit une ville (e.g. '''Collatinus''', "l'homme de Collatia", une région(e.g. '''Campanus''', "l'homme de Campanie"), ou une ethnie (e.g. '''Sabinus''', "le Sabin").

−	~~These geographical~~ ''cognomina'' ~~should be distinguished from honorific~~ ''cognomina'' ~~like~~ '''Germanicus''' or '''Britannicus'''. ~~These names do not refer to a place of origin but to a military achievement~~. ~~If someone is called~~ '''Britannicus''' ~~it does not mean he is from Britain~~, ~~it means he won~~ a ~~great victory against the Britons~~. ~~Names like this are not allowed~~, ~~for obvious reasons~~.	+	Il faut distinguer ces ''cognomina'' géographiques avec les ''cognomina'' honorifiques comme '''Germanicus''' ou '''Britannicus'''. Ces noms ne se rapportent pas à un lieu d'origine mais à un acte militaire. Si quelqu'un s'appelle '''Britannicus''' cela ne signifie pas qu'il vient de Bretagne, mais qu'il a emporté une grande victoire sur les Bretons. Les noms de ce genre sont refusés, pour d'évidentes raisons.

−	===~~Occupational~~ ''Cognomina''===	+	===''Cognomina'' tirés d'un métier===

−	~~Another~~ type of ''cognomen'' ~~referred to the person's job or occupation~~ (e.g. '''Pictor''', "~~painter~~"; '''Caprarius''', "~~goat-herd~~").	+	Un autre type de ''cognomen'' se rapporte au métier ou au travail de la personne (e.g. '''Pictor''', "peintre", '''Caprarius''', "chevrier").

	[[Category:Rome antique]]		[[Category:Rome antique]]

M. Lucretius Agricola: move nav box

2008-08-04T02:07:37Z

move nav box

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:07, 4 August 2008
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	<onlyinclude>A ''cognomen'' is a family name which would be shared by a group of blood relatives. ''Cognomina'' often, but not always, referred to a person's appearance or other characteristics. It was also common to have a ''cognomen'' referring to a place of birth, a job, or some other thing which distinguished the person (usually an ancestor) who first bore that ''cognomen''. It is the third part of the ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>		<onlyinclude>A ''cognomen'' is a family name which would be shared by a group of blood relatives. ''Cognomina'' often, but not always, referred to a person's appearance or other characteristics. It was also common to have a ''cognomen'' referring to a place of birth, a job, or some other thing which distinguished the person (usually an ancestor) who first bore that ''cognomen''. It is the third part of the ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>
		+	{{Roman name articles}}

−	====The Characteristics of ''Cognomina''====	+	==The Characteristics of ''Cognomina''==

	Ancient republican ''cognomina'' had certain general characteristics. A person was not given his ''cognomen'' by his parents and did not choose it for himself: he either inherited it from his parents or was given it by general consensus within the community. In this sense a ''cognomen'' was like a nickname. For this reason, they were usually objective rather than subjective, concrete rather than abstract, and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary.		Ancient republican ''cognomina'' had certain general characteristics. A person was not given his ''cognomen'' by his parents and did not choose it for himself: he either inherited it from his parents or was given it by general consensus within the community. In this sense a ''cognomen'' was like a nickname. For this reason, they were usually objective rather than subjective, concrete rather than abstract, and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary.

−	====Inheritance====	+	==Inheritance==

	A Roman almost always took his father's ''cognomen'', especially if his father himself inherited the name from ''his'' father. Cases in which a ''cognomen'' may not be passed down from father to son are those where the ''cognomen'' is particularly closely associated with the father and would not be relevant to the son.		A Roman almost always took his father's ''cognomen'', especially if his father himself inherited the name from ''his'' father. Cases in which a ''cognomen'' may not be passed down from father to son are those where the ''cognomen'' is particularly closely associated with the father and would not be relevant to the son.
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	''Agnomina'' are not usually inherited. Adoptive ''cognomina'' and matronymic ''cognomina'' are never inherited.		''Agnomina'' are not usually inherited. Adoptive ''cognomina'' and matronymic ''cognomina'' are never inherited.

−	====Ancient Republican ''Cognomina''====	+	==Ancient Republican ''Cognomina''==

	A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable so long as it complies with the general characteristics noted above. Here is a list of some ancient republican ''cognomina'' with their meanings. Some ''cognomina'' were used especially by certain ''gentes'': these are noted in the list, but they may also be used by members of other ''gentes''.		A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable so long as it complies with the general characteristics noted above. Here is a list of some ancient republican ''cognomina'' with their meanings. Some ''cognomina'' were used especially by certain ''gentes'': these are noted in the list, but they may also be used by members of other ''gentes''.
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−	====Geographical ''Cognomina''====	+	===Geographical ''Cognomina''===

	Some people had ''cognomina'' which referred to the place where they came from, whether a city (e.g. '''Collatinus''', "man from Collatia"), a region (e.g. '''Campanus''', "man from Campania"), or a tribe (e.g. '''Sabinus''', "man of the Sabines").		Some people had ''cognomina'' which referred to the place where they came from, whether a city (e.g. '''Collatinus''', "man from Collatia"), a region (e.g. '''Campanus''', "man from Campania"), or a tribe (e.g. '''Sabinus''', "man of the Sabines").
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	These geographical ''cognomina'' should be distinguished from honorific ''cognomina'' like '''Germanicus''' or '''Britannicus'''. These names do not refer to a place of origin but to a military achievement. If someone is called '''Britannicus''' it does not mean he is from Britain, it means he won a great victory against the Britons. Names like this are not allowed, for obvious reasons.		These geographical ''cognomina'' should be distinguished from honorific ''cognomina'' like '''Germanicus''' or '''Britannicus'''. These names do not refer to a place of origin but to a military achievement. If someone is called '''Britannicus''' it does not mean he is from Britain, it means he won a great victory against the Britons. Names like this are not allowed, for obvious reasons.

−	====Occupational ''Cognomina''====	+	===Occupational ''Cognomina''===

	Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").		Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").
−
−	~~{{Roman name articles}}~~

	[[Category:Rome antique]]		[[Category:Rome antique]]

M. Lucretius Agricola: /* Ancient Republican ''Cognomina'' */ note to translators

2008-08-03T06:20:56Z

Ancient Republican ''Cognomina'': note to translators

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:20, 3 August 2008
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	A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable so long as it complies with the general characteristics noted above. Here is a list of some ancient republican ''cognomina'' with their meanings. Some ''cognomina'' were used especially by certain ''gentes'': these are noted in the list, but they may also be used by members of other ''gentes''.		A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable so long as it complies with the general characteristics noted above. Here is a list of some ancient republican ''cognomina'' with their meanings. Some ''cognomina'' were used especially by certain ''gentes'': these are noted in the list, but they may also be used by members of other ''gentes''.
−		+	<!--
		+	TRANSLATORS! Enter translations in the TableOfCognomina template, after each "FR=".
		+	-->
	<br style="clear:both"/>		<br style="clear:both"/>
	{{TableOfCognomina}}		{{TableOfCognomina}}

M. Lucretius Agricola: use nav template

2008-08-02T21:27:52Z

use nav template

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:27, 2 August 2008
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	Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").		Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").

−	~~<br style="clear:both"/>~~	+	{{Roman name articles}}
−		+
−	~~==See also==~~	+
−		+
−	* [[FR:Nomen\|Nomen]]	+
−	* [[FR:Praenomen\|Praenomen]]	+
−	* [[FR:Roman name~~\|Roman name]]~~	+
−	* [[FR:Using Roman names\|Using Roman names]]	+
−	* [[FR:Choosing a Roman name\|Choosing a Roman name]] in Nova Roma.	+
−		+

	[[Category:Rome antique]]		[[Category:Rome antique]]

M. Lucretius Agricola: get ready to translate

2008-08-01T01:57:30Z

get ready to translate

New page

{{LanguageBar|Cognomen}}

<onlyinclude>A ''cognomen'' is a family name which would be shared by a group of blood relatives. ''Cognomina'' often, but not always, referred to a person's appearance or other characteristics. It was also common to have a ''cognomen'' referring to a place of birth, a job, or some other thing which distinguished the person (usually an ancestor) who first bore that ''cognomen''. It is the third part of the ''tria nomina''.</onlyinclude>

====The Characteristics of ''Cognomina''====

Ancient republican ''cognomina'' had certain general characteristics. A person was not given his ''cognomen'' by his parents and did not choose it for himself: he either inherited it from his parents or was given it by general consensus within the community. In this sense a ''cognomen'' was like a nickname. For this reason, they were usually objective rather than subjective, concrete rather than abstract, and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary.

====Inheritance====

A Roman almost always took his father's ''cognomen'', especially if his father himself inherited the name from ''his'' father. Cases in which a ''cognomen'' may not be passed down from father to son are those where the ''cognomen'' is particularly closely associated with the father and would not be relevant to the son.

''Agnomina'' are not usually inherited. Adoptive ''cognomina'' and matronymic ''cognomina'' are never inherited.

====Ancient Republican ''Cognomina''====

A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable so long as it complies with the general characteristics noted above. Here is a list of some ancient republican ''cognomina'' with their meanings. Some ''cognomina'' were used especially by certain ''gentes'': these are noted in the list, but they may also be used by members of other ''gentes''.

<br style="clear:both"/>
{{TableOfCognomina}}
<br style="clear:both"/>

====Geographical ''Cognomina''====

Some people had ''cognomina'' which referred to the place where they came from, whether a city (e.g. '''Collatinus''', "man from Collatia"), a region (e.g. '''Campanus''', "man from Campania"), or a tribe (e.g. '''Sabinus''', "man of the Sabines").

These geographical ''cognomina'' should be distinguished from honorific ''cognomina'' like '''Germanicus''' or '''Britannicus'''. These names do not refer to a place of origin but to a military achievement. If someone is called '''Britannicus''' it does not mean he is from Britain, it means he won a great victory against the Britons. Names like this are not allowed, for obvious reasons.

====Occupational ''Cognomina''====

Another type of ''cognomen'' referred to the person's job or occupation (e.g. '''Pictor''', "painter"; '''Caprarius''', "goat-herd").

<br style="clear:both"/>

==See also==

* [[FR:Nomen|Nomen]]
* [[FR:Praenomen|Praenomen]]
* [[FR:Roman name|Roman name]]
* [[FR:Using Roman names|Using Roman names]]
* [[FR:Choosing a Roman name|Choosing a Roman name]] in Nova Roma.

[[Category:Rome antique]]