Conjugation - Revision history

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 19:39, 11 March 2013

2013-03-11T19:39:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 11 March 2013
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	==Subjunctive Imperfect==		==Subjunctive Imperfect==

−	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". ~~Ocasionally~~ the Subjunctive Imperfect expresses possibility in the past and in such sentences it's best translated with "could have" or "might have". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered that I say").	+	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". Occasionally the Subjunctive Imperfect expresses possibility in the past and in such sentences it's best translated with "could have" or "might have". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered that I say").

	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.		This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: corrections

2013-03-11T19:36:02Z

corrections

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:36, 11 March 2013
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	==Subjunctive Present==		==Subjunctive Present==

−	You use Subjunctive Present (e.g. "''Dicam''") when English uses the auxiliary verbs "let" ("Let me say it"), "may" ("May I say it") or, mainly in subordinate clauses, when English uses Present Subjunctive or Imperative ("''Imperat ut dicam''": "He orders I say"; or "''Dicas''": "Say it").	+	You use Subjunctive Present (e.g. "''Dicam''") when English uses the auxiliary verbs "let" ("Let me say it"), "may" ("May I say it"), "shall", ("I shall say it"), or, mainly in subordinate clauses, when English uses Present Subjunctive or Imperative ("''Imperat ut dicam''": "He orders that I say"; or "''Dicas''": "Say it").

	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.		This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.
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	==Subjunctive Imperfect==		==Subjunctive Imperfect==

−	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". Ocasionally the Subjunctive Imperfect expresses possibility in the past and in such sentences it's best translated with "could have" or "might have". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered I say").	+	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". Ocasionally the Subjunctive Imperfect expresses possibility in the past and in such sentences it's best translated with "could have" or "might have". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered that I say").

	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.		This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.
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	==Subjunctive Perfect==		==Subjunctive Perfect==

−	The Subjunctive Perfect rarely appears in independent sentences, it's mostly used in subordinate clauses, where it's translated by English Past Subjunctive ("I said"). When it's used independently, it normally translates with the English auxiliary verbs "may have". "''Dixerim''" can be translated as "I may have said".	+	The Subjunctive Perfect rarely appears in independent sentences, it's mostly used in subordinate clauses, where it's translated by English Past Subjunctive (''dixerim'' - "I said"). When it's used independently, it normally translates with the English auxiliary verbs "may have". "''Dixerim''" can be translated as "I may have said".

	This tense is formed from the 3rd dictionary part, by cutting off the Indicative Perfect Tense first person singular ending "'''-í'''", and replacing it with the Subjunctive Perfect personal endings shown in the table below.		This tense is formed from the 3rd dictionary part, by cutting off the Indicative Perfect Tense first person singular ending "'''-í'''", and replacing it with the Subjunctive Perfect personal endings shown in the table below.

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: fixes

2012-03-07T20:03:50Z

fixes

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:03, 7 March 2012
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	(4) '''–bitum'''; abbreviation of “''habitum''”, it’s the supine (or the past participle).		(4) '''–bitum'''; abbreviation of “''habitum''”, it’s the supine (or the past participle).

−	This verb’s infinitive, “''habére''” (to have), indicated in the dictionary form as “'''''–ére'''''” shows that this verb belongs to the 2nd conjugation, as all verbs that have the infinitive ending “''-ére''” belong to the 2nd conjugation. The second dictionary element, the infinitive, determines which conjugation the verb belongs to. The four types of infinitive endings and the four conjugations determined by the different ~~genitive~~ endings are:	+	This verb’s infinitive, “''habére''” (to have), indicated in the dictionary form as “'''''–ére'''''” shows that this verb belongs to the 2nd conjugation, as all verbs that have the infinitive ending “''-ére''” belong to the 2nd conjugation. The second dictionary element, the infinitive, determines which conjugation the verb belongs to. The four types of infinitive endings and the four conjugations determined by the different infinitive endings are:

	'''-are''' = [[1st conjugation]]; e.g.: ''am\|o, -are, -avi, -atum'' (I love)		'''-are''' = [[1st conjugation]]; e.g.: ''am\|o, -are, -avi, -atum'' (I love)
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	'''-ére''' = [[2nd conjugation]]; e.g.: ''hab\|eo, -ere, -bui, -bitum'' (I have)		'''-ére''' = [[2nd conjugation]]; e.g.: ''hab\|eo, -ere, -bui, -bitum'' (I have)

−	'''-ere''' = [[3rd conjugation]]; e.g.: ''dic\|o, -ere, dixi, dictum'' (I say)	+	'''-ere''' = [[3rd conjugation]]
−		+	::::- if the first person singular ends in "'''-o'''" - '''Consonant Stem'''; e.g.: ''dic\|o, -ere, dixi, dictum'' (I say)
		+	::::- if the first person singular ends in "'''-io'''" - '''Short I-Stem'''; e.g.: ''cap\|io, -ere, cepi, captum'' (I catch)
	'''-ire''' = [[4th conjugation]]; e.g.: ''aud\|io, -ire, -ivi, -itum'' (I hear)		'''-ire''' = [[4th conjugation]]; e.g.: ''aud\|io, -ire, -ivi, -itum'' (I hear)

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 06:31, 12 March 2011

2011-03-12T06:31:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:31, 12 March 2011
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	==Subjunctive Imperfect==		==Subjunctive Imperfect==

−	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered I say").	+	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". Ocasionally the Subjunctive Imperfect expresses possibility in the past and in such sentences it's best translated with "could have" or "might have". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered I say").

	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.		This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 04:43, 12 March 2011

2011-03-12T04:43:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:43, 12 March 2011
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	==Subjunctive Present==		==Subjunctive Present==

−	You use Subjunctive Present (e.g. "''Dicam''") when English uses the auxiliary verbs "let" ("Let me say it"), "may" ("May I say it") or, mainly in subordinate clauses, when English uses Present Subjunctive or Imperative ("''Imperat ut dicam''": He orders I say; or "''Dicas''": "Say it").	+	You use Subjunctive Present (e.g. "''Dicam''") when English uses the auxiliary verbs "let" ("Let me say it"), "may" ("May I say it") or, mainly in subordinate clauses, when English uses Present Subjunctive or Imperative ("''Imperat ut dicam''": "He orders I say"; or "''Dicas''": "Say it").

	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.		This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.
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	==Subjunctive Imperfect==		==Subjunctive Imperfect==

−	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it ~~can~~ is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered I say").	+	The Subjunctive Imperfect is used when English uses the auxiliary verbs "would" and "should", "''Dicerem''" can be translated as "I would say" or "I should say". Sometimes it can also be translated with "could" or "might" as "I could say" or "I might say". In wishes and in conditional sentences, it is translated by English Past Subjunctive ("''Vellem dicerem''": "I wish I said"); in subordinate clauses, however, it is translated by English Present Subjunctive ("''Imperavit ut dicerem''": "He ordered I say").

−	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table ~~belo~~, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.	+	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown in the table below, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to. Practically, the formation of this Subjunctive Imperfect looks like as if the personal endings would be simple attached to the infinitive.

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	==Subjunctive Perfect==		==Subjunctive Perfect==

−	The Subjunctive Perfect rarely appears in independent sentences, it's mostly used in subordinate clauses. When it's used independently, it normally translates with the English auxiliary verbs "may have". "''Dixerim''" can be translated as "I may have said".	+	The Subjunctive Perfect rarely appears in independent sentences, it's mostly used in subordinate clauses, where it's translated by English Past Subjunctive ("I said"). When it's used independently, it normally translates with the English auxiliary verbs "may have". "''Dixerim''" can be translated as "I may have said".

−	This tense is formed from the 3rd dictionary part, by cutting off the Indicative Perfect Tense first person singular ending "'''-í'''", and replacing it with the Subjunctive Perfect personal endings shown in the table ~~on our website~~.	+	This tense is formed from the 3rd dictionary part, by cutting off the Indicative Perfect Tense first person singular ending "'''-í'''", and replacing it with the Subjunctive Perfect personal endings shown in the table below.

	{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"		{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 04:12, 12 March 2011

2011-03-12T04:12:49Z

Show changes

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: about formation

2011-03-10T17:34:00Z

about formation

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 10 March 2011
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	==How to conjugate a verb==		==How to conjugate a verb==

−	You simply cut off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replace them with the personal endings shown below in the tables, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.	+	You simply cut off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', or the the Perfect Tense first person singular ending '''-í''', depending on which tense you want to form, and replace them with the personal endings shown below in the tables, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.

	<div style="float:left; >__TOC__</div>		<div style="float:left; >__TOC__</div>
−
−
−
−
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−

	==Present Tense==		==Present Tense==
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	Unlike English, Latin uses verb endings to express the person and number of the verb, and its tense or mood. These endings are in general the same for all conjugation groups, but there is some variation respectively to the stem vowel, which means that while, e.g. the singular third person ending is "-t" in all conjugations, in the 1st conjugation it's realized as "-at", because it's the A-Stem conjugation, in the 2nd conjugation it's "-et", (as they are the E-Stem) etc.		Unlike English, Latin uses verb endings to express the person and number of the verb, and its tense or mood. These endings are in general the same for all conjugation groups, but there is some variation respectively to the stem vowel, which means that while, e.g. the singular third person ending is "-t" in all conjugations, in the 1st conjugation it's realized as "-at", because it's the A-Stem conjugation, in the 2nd conjugation it's "-et", (as they are the E-Stem) etc.
		+
		+	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown below in the table, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.


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	The Imperfect Tense indicates a perpetual, but incomplete action in the past. It simply expresses an action in the past that was not completed. This tense is similar to the English Past Progressive ("I was saying"), but depending on context, it can also be identified with English Past Simple ("I said"). "''Dícébam''" can be translated to mean, "I was saying," "I said," or "I used to say".		The Imperfect Tense indicates a perpetual, but incomplete action in the past. It simply expresses an action in the past that was not completed. This tense is similar to the English Past Progressive ("I was saying"), but depending on context, it can also be identified with English Past Simple ("I said"). "''Dícébam''" can be translated to mean, "I was saying," "I said," or "I used to say".
		+
		+	This tense is formed from the 2nd dictionary part, by cutting off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replacing them with the personal endings shown below in the table, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.

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	The Perfect Tense refers to an action completed in the past. The Perfect Tense expresses a finished action in the past. If the action were not finished, but still lies in the past, one would use the Imperfect Tense. The Latin Perfect Tense is equivalent to the English Present Perfect ("I have said"), but unlike English, the Latin Perfect Tense is used in the function of English Past Simple whenever it describes a finished, completed event. Thus "''díxí''" can be translated as "I have said," or "I said".		The Perfect Tense refers to an action completed in the past. The Perfect Tense expresses a finished action in the past. If the action were not finished, but still lies in the past, one would use the Imperfect Tense. The Latin Perfect Tense is equivalent to the English Present Perfect ("I have said"), but unlike English, the Latin Perfect Tense is used in the function of English Past Simple whenever it describes a finished, completed event. Thus "''díxí''" can be translated as "I have said," or "I said".
		+
		+	This tense is formed from the 3rd dictionary part, by cutting off the Perfect Tense first person singular ending '''-í''', and replacing it with the personal endings shown below in the table.

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	The Pluperfect Tense expresses an action which was completed before another completed action. As with English, in Latin, the Pluperfect is used to assert an action that was completed before another. "''Díxeram''" translates as "I had said."		The Pluperfect Tense expresses an action which was completed before another completed action. As with English, in Latin, the Pluperfect is used to assert an action that was completed before another. "''Díxeram''" translates as "I had said."
		+
		+	This tense is formed from the 3rd dictionary part, by cutting off the Perfect Tense first person singular ending '''-í''', and replacing it with the personal endings shown below in the table.

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Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: added more tenses

2011-03-10T17:22:09Z

added more tenses

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:22, 10 March 2011
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−	==Present ~~tense~~==	+	==Present Tense==

−	The Present Tense is equivalent of the English Present Progressive (I am ~~reading~~) and Present Simple (I ~~read~~).	+	The Present Tense is equivalent of the English Present Progressive ("I am saying") and Present Simple ("I say").

	Unlike English, Latin uses verb endings to express the person and number of the verb, and its tense or mood. These endings are in general the same for all conjugation groups, but there is some variation respectively to the stem vowel, which means that while, e.g. the singular third person ending is "-t" in all conjugations, in the 1st conjugation it's realized as "-at", because it's the A-Stem conjugation, in the 2nd conjugation it's "-et", (as they are the E-Stem) etc.		Unlike English, Latin uses verb endings to express the person and number of the verb, and its tense or mood. These endings are in general the same for all conjugation groups, but there is some variation respectively to the stem vowel, which means that while, e.g. the singular third person ending is "-t" in all conjugations, in the 1st conjugation it's realized as "-at", because it's the A-Stem conjugation, in the 2nd conjugation it's "-et", (as they are the E-Stem) etc.
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−	==~~Perfect~~ tense==	+	==Imperfect Tense==
		+
		+	The Imperfect Tense indicates a perpetual, but incomplete action in the past. It simply expresses an action in the past that was not completed. This tense is similar to the English Past Progressive ("I was saying"), but depending on context, it can also be identified with English Past Simple ("I said"). "''Dícébam''" can be translated to mean, "I was saying," "I said," or "I used to say".
		+
		+	{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"
		+	! rowspan="3" \|
		+	! colspan="3" \|[[First conjugation]]
		+	! colspan="3" \|[[Second conjugation]]
		+	! colspan="6" \|[[Third conjugation]]
		+	! colspan="3" \|[[Fourth conjugation]]
		+	\|-
		+	! colspan="3" \|A-Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|E-Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|Consonant Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|Short I-Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|Long í-Stem
		+	\|-
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''amó, -áre, -áví, -átum'' <br>love
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''habeó, -ére, -buí, -bitum'' <br>have
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''dícó, -ere, díxí, dictum'' <br>say
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''capió, -ere, cépí, captum'' <br>catch
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''audió, -íre, -íví, -ítum'' <br>hear
		+	\|-
		+	! S/1
		+	\| am'''ábam'''\|\|'''-ábam'''\|\|I was loving\|\|hab'''ébam'''\|\|'''-ébam'''\|\|I was having\|\|díc'''ébam'''\|\|'''-ébam'''\|\|I was saying\|\|cap'''iébam'''\|\|'''-iébam'''\|\|I was catching\|\|aud'''iébam'''\|\|'''-iébam'''\|\|I was hearing
		+	\|-
		+	! S/2
		+	\|am'''ábás'''\|\|'''-ábás'''\|\|you were loving\|\|hab'''ébás'''\|\|'''-ébás'''\|\|you were having\|\|díc'''ébás'''\|\|'''-ébás'''\|\|you were saying\|\|cap'''iébás'''\|\|'''-iébás'''\|\|you were catching\|\|aud'''iébás'''\|\|'''-iébás'''\|\|you were hearing
		+	\|-
		+	! S/3
		+	\|am'''ábat'''\|\|'''-ábat'''\|\|he was loving\|\|hab'''ébat'''\|\|'''-ébat'''\|\|he was having\|\|díc'''ébat'''\|\|'''-ébat'''\|\|he was saying\|\|cap'''iébat'''\|\|'''-iébat'''\|\|he was catching\|\|aud'''iébat'''\|\|'''-iébat'''\|\|he was hearing
		+	\|-
		+	! P/1
		+	\|am'''ábámus'''\|\|'''-ábámus'''\|\|we were loving\|\|hab'''ébámus'''\|\|'''-ébámus'''\|\|we were having\|\|díc'''ébámus'''\|\|'''-ébámus'''\|\|we were saying\|\|cap'''iébámus'''\|\|'''-iébámus'''\|\|we were catching\|\|aud'''iébámus'''\|\|'''-iébámus'''\|\|we were hearing
		+	\|-
		+	! P/2
		+	\|am'''ábátis'''\|\|'''-ábátis'''\|\|you were loving\|\|hab'''ébátis'''\|\|'''-ébátis'''\|\|you were having\|\|díc'''ébátis'''\|\|'''-ébátis'''\|\|you were saying\|\|cap'''iébátis'''\|\|'''-iébátis'''\|\|you were catching\|\|aud'''iébátis'''\|\|'''-iébátis'''\|\|you were hearing
		+	\|-
		+	! P/3
		+	\|am'''ábant'''\|\|'''-ábant'''\|\|they were loving\|\|hab'''ébant'''\|\|'''-ébant'''\|\|they were having\|\|díc'''ébant'''\|\|'''-ébant'''\|\|they were saying\|\|cap'''iébant'''\|\|'''-iébant'''\|\|they were catching\|\|aud'''iébant'''\|\|'''-iébant'''\|\|they were hearing
		+	\|-
		+	\|}
		+
		+
		+	==Perfect Tense==
		+
		+	The Perfect Tense refers to an action completed in the past. The Perfect Tense expresses a finished action in the past. If the action were not finished, but still lies in the past, one would use the Imperfect Tense. The Latin Perfect Tense is equivalent to the English Present Perfect ("I have said"), but unlike English, the Latin Perfect Tense is used in the function of English Past Simple whenever it describes a finished, completed event. Thus "''díxí''" can be translated as "I have said," or "I said".

	{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"		{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"
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	! P/3		! P/3
	\|amáv'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have loved\|\|habu'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have had\|\|díx'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have said\|\|cép'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have caught\|\|audív'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have heard		\|amáv'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have loved\|\|habu'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have had\|\|díx'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have said\|\|cép'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have caught\|\|audív'''érunt'''\|\|'''-érunt'''\|\|they have heard
		+	\|-
		+	\|}
		+
		+
		+	==Pluperfect Tense==
		+
		+	The Pluperfect Tense expresses an action which was completed before another completed action. As with English, in Latin, the Pluperfect is used to assert an action that was completed before another. "''Díxeram''" translates as "I had said."
		+
		+	{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"
		+	! rowspan="3" \|
		+	! colspan="3" \|[[First conjugation]]
		+	! colspan="3" \|[[Second conjugation]]
		+	! colspan="6" \|[[Third conjugation]]
		+	! colspan="3" \|[[Fourth conjugation]]
		+	\|-
		+	! colspan="3" \|A-Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|E-Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|Consonant Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|Short I-Stem
		+	! colspan="3" \|Long í-Stem
		+	\|-
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''amó, -áre, -áví, -átum'' <br>love
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''habeó, -ére, -buí, -bitum'' <br>have
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''dícó, -ere, díxí, dictum'' <br>say
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''capió, -ere, cépí, captum'' <br>catch
		+	! colspan="3" \| ''audió, -íre, -íví, -ítum'' <br>hear
		+	\|-
		+	! S/1
		+	\| amáv'''eram'''\|\|'''-eram'''\|\|I had loved\|\|habu'''eram'''\|\|'''-eram'''\|\|I had had\|\|díx'''eram'''\|\|'''-eram'''\|\|I had said\|\|cép'''eram'''\|\|'''-eram'''\|\|I had caught\|\|audív'''eram'''\|\|'''-eram'''\|\|I had heard
		+	\|-
		+	! S/2
		+	\|amáv'''erás'''\|\|'''-erás'''\|\|you had loved\|\|habu'''erás'''\|\|'''-erás'''\|\|you had had\|\|díx'''erás'''\|\|'''-erás'''\|\|you had said\|\|cép'''erás'''\|\|'''-erás'''\|\|you had caught\|\|audív'''erás'''\|\|'''-erás'''\|\|you had heard
		+	\|-
		+	! S/3
		+	\|amáv'''erat'''\|\|'''-erat'''\|\|he had loved\|\|habu'''erat'''\|\|'''-erat'''\|\|he had had\|\|díx'''erat'''\|\|'''-erat'''\|\|he had said\|\|cép'''erat'''\|\|'''-erat'''\|\|he had caught\|\|audív'''erat'''\|\|'''-erat'''\|\|he had heard
		+	\|-
		+	! P/1
		+	\|amáv'''erámus'''\|\|'''-erámus'''\|\|we had loved\|\|habu'''erámus'''\|\|'''-erámus'''\|\|we had had\|\|díx'''erámus'''\|\|'''-erámus'''\|\|we had said\|\|cép'''erámus'''\|\|'''-erámus'''\|\|we had caught\|\|audív'''erámus'''\|\|'''-erámus'''\|\|we had heard
		+	\|-
		+	! P/2
		+	\|amáv'''erátis'''\|\|'''-erátis'''\|\|you had loved\|\|habu'''erátis'''\|\|'''-erátis'''\|\|you had had\|\|díx'''erátis'''\|\|'''-erátis'''\|\|you had said\|\|cép'''erátis'''\|\|'''-erátis'''\|\|you had caught\|\|audív'''erátis'''\|\|'''-erátis'''\|\|you had heard
		+	\|-
		+	! P/3
		+	\|amáv'''erant'''\|\|'''-erant'''\|\|they had loved\|\|habu'''erant'''\|\|'''-erant'''\|\|they had had\|\|díx'''erant'''\|\|'''-erant'''\|\|they had said\|\|cép'''erant'''\|\|'''-erant'''\|\|they had caught\|\|audív'''erant'''\|\|'''-erant'''\|\|they had heard
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

	[[Category:Latin grammar]]		[[Category:Latin grammar]]

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: added more

2011-03-09T14:11:33Z

added more

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 9 March 2011
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	==Present tense==		==Present tense==
		+
		+	The Present Tense is equivalent of the English Present Progressive (I am reading) and Present Simple (I read).
		+
		+	Unlike English, Latin uses verb endings to express the person and number of the verb, and its tense or mood. These endings are in general the same for all conjugation groups, but there is some variation respectively to the stem vowel, which means that while, e.g. the singular third person ending is "-t" in all conjugations, in the 1st conjugation it's realized as "-at", because it's the A-Stem conjugation, in the 2nd conjugation it's "-et", (as they are the E-Stem) etc.
		+

	{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"		{\|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff"

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 18:51, 7 March 2011

2011-03-07T18:51:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:51, 7 March 2011
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	(2) '''–ére'''; it’s an abbreviation of “''habere''”, the infinite of the verb. It means “to have”.		(2) '''–ére'''; it’s an abbreviation of “''habere''”, the infinite of the verb. It means “to have”.
	''		''
		+
	(3) '''–bui'''; it’s an abbreviation of “''habui''”, the perfect tense of the verb. It means “I have had” or “I had”.		(3) '''–bui'''; it’s an abbreviation of “''habui''”, the perfect tense of the verb. It means “I have had” or “I had”.

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	This verb’s infinitive, “''habére''” (to have), indicated in the dictionary form as “'''''–ére'''''” shows that this verb belongs to the 2nd conjugation, as all verbs that have the infinitive ending “''-ére''” belong to the 2nd conjugation. The second dictionary element, the infinitive, determines which conjugation the verb belongs to. The four types of infinitive endings and the four conjugations determined by the different genitive endings are:		This verb’s infinitive, “''habére''” (to have), indicated in the dictionary form as “'''''–ére'''''” shows that this verb belongs to the 2nd conjugation, as all verbs that have the infinitive ending “''-ére''” belong to the 2nd conjugation. The second dictionary element, the infinitive, determines which conjugation the verb belongs to. The four types of infinitive endings and the four conjugations determined by the different genitive endings are:

−	'''-are''' = 1st conjugation; e.g.: ''am\|o, -are, -avi, -atum'' (I love)	+	'''-are''' = [[1st conjugation]]; e.g.: ''am\|o, -are, -avi, -atum'' (I love)
−	'''-ére''' = 2nd conjugation; e.g.: ''hab\|eo, -ere, -bui, -bitum'' (I have)	+
−	'''-ere''' = 3rd conjugation; e.g.: ''dic\|o, -ere, dixi, dictum'' (I say)	+	'''-ére''' = [[2nd conjugation]]; e.g.: ''hab\|eo, -ere, -bui, -bitum'' (I have)
−	'''-ire''' = 4th conjugation; e.g.: ''aud\|io, -ire, -ivi, -itum'' (I hear)	+
		+	'''-ere''' = [[3rd conjugation]]; e.g.: ''dic\|o, -ere, dixi, dictum'' (I say)
		+
		+	'''-ire''' = [[4th conjugation]]; e.g.: ''aud\|io, -ire, -ivi, -itum'' (I hear)

	Note that “–ere”, which is short vowel, is different from “–ére”, which is long vowel.		Note that “–ere”, which is short vowel, is different from “–ére”, which is long vowel.