Roman Timeline

(ANY WAR IN THIS TIMELINE IN ITALY IS OFTEN WITH A SINGLE CITY, RATHER THAN A TRIBE. THIS IS BECAUSE THE ITALIAN CITIES FOLLOWED THE GREEK EXAMPLE OF CITY-STATES)
800 BC - Suspected date of the settlement of immigrants on the Palatine hill.
753 BC - Legendary date of the founding of city of Rome on the banks of the River Tiber. It is said that this was the founding of the city, when in reality at this point it was a mere Latin village.
750 BC - Founding of the Cumae as a Greek trading station.
730 BC - Date of founding of the city of Rhegium by people from Chalcis.
716 BC - Romulus, the first emperor of Rome, dies. Numa Pompilius becomes king of Rome.
716 BC - Romulus is deified and takes the immortal name of Quirinus. From now on, citizens of Rome refer to each other as quirites.
715 BC - Date of the death of Romulus.
712 BC - The senator Numa Marcius is made the first Pontifex Maximus.
706 BC - Founding of the city of Taras, which was founded by Spartan settlers.
700 BC - Founding of the Greek city of Tarentum by Spartans.
673 BC - Tullius Hostilius becomes king of Rome. During his reign, the noble families of the Tulii, Servilii, Quinctii, Geganii, Curiatii, and Cloelii join Rome, and he builds the Curia Hostilia, the Senate House.
642 BC - Tullius Hostilius dies. King Ancus Marcius succeeds him.
625 BC - The Forum Romanum is flooded by severe storms.
625 BC - The Forum Romanum is drained by engineers.
625 - 600 BC - The founding of the city later known as Paestum, which was founded in honor of the Greek god Poseidon.
616 BC - King Ancus Marcius dies in Rome. Rule of Tarquinius Priscus. Begins the rule of Etruscan Kings.
600 BC - Rome conquers the city of Alba Longa. The rulers, the Iulii, are brought into Rome and develop the clan Julius.
600? BC - Founding of the Greek city of Massilia by Ionian Greek settlers.
600 BC - The people of Cumae send out settlers, and found the city of Neapolis south of Cumae along the coast of Italy.
582 BC - Birth of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras, on the island of Samos.
579 BC - Death of Tarquinius Priscus, who is axed in the head by two farmers.
578 BC - Rule of Servius Tullius.
575 BC - Approximated true founding date of the city of Rome, when the forum was established during the rule of Tarquinius Priscus. It was known as Rumula.
550 BC - Carthaginian presence in the islands of Sicily and Sardinia.
535 BC - Death of Servius Tullius.
534 BC - King L. Tarquinius Superbus begins his rule in Rome.
519 BC - The Roman general L. Quinctius Cincinnatus is born.
518 BC - Birth of the Greek lyric poet Pindar, in the town of Cynoscephalae, Boeotia, Greece
510 BC - Supposed date of the rape of the Sabines at Rome.
509 BC - Overthrow of Etruscan kings and destruction of the monarchy by L. Junius Brutus.
509 BC - The first consuls of the Roman Republic are L. Junius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus. Three more are appointed later on. They are Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus, P. Valerius Publicola (first time), and M. Horatius Pulvillus. There are a total of five consuls for the year.
509 BC - The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus is built on the Capitoline Hill.
508 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (second time) and T. Lucretius Tricipitinus (first time).
508 BC - The city of Rome is attacked (it is not certain if it is captured) by Lars Porsenna.
508 BC - Creation of the position of Pontifex Maximus as an official, which was designed to overpower the Rex Sacrorum.
508 BC - Several Roman noblewomen, including Cloelia, swim the Tiber River to escape from Lars Porsenna and his men.
507 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (third time) and M. Horatius Pulvillus (second time).
506 BC - The consuls are Sp. Lartius Rufus and T. Herminius Aquilinus.
506 BC - A planned invasion of Rome by Tarquinius Superbus and an army of Etruscans is defeated by the Latin League an Aristodemos of Cumae in a battle at Aricia.
506 BC - A Roman noble named Horatius Cocles stops an invasion, when he bars the bridge into Rome. While he is defending the bridge, the consuls Sp. Lartius and T. Herminius chop it down to prevent the enemy crossing. Horatius swims, fully armored across the Tiber to safety.
505 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius and P. Postumius Tubertus (first time).
504 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (fourth time) and T. Lucretius Tricipitnus (second time).
504 BC - Migration of the Claudii to Rome, where they later form the nucleus of the patrician Claudian clan.
504 BC - Migration of the tribe of the Sabine Attius Clausus migrated to Rome where he was made a patrician and his tribe was given the citizenship.
503 BC - The consuls are Agrippa Menenius Lanatus and P. Postumius Tubertus (second time).
502 BC - The consuls are Opiter Verginius Tricostus and Sp. Cassius Vecellinus.
501 BC - The consuls are Postumius Cominius Auruncus and T. Larius (first time).
500 BC - The consuls are Ser. Sulpicius Cmaerinus Cornutus and M. Tullius Longus.
500 BC - Appointment of the first-ever dictator, T. Larcius.
500? BC - Death of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras.
499 BC - The consuls are T. Aebutius Helva and C. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
498 BC - The consuls are Q. Cloelius Siculus and T. Lartius (second time).
497 BC - The consuls are A. Sempronius Atratinus and M. Minucius Augurinus.
496 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albus Regillensis and T. Verginius Tricostus Caliomontanus (first time).
496 BC - Battle of Lake Regillus. Romans engaged in a battle with the Latins. The divine twins, Castor and Pollux were supposedly at the battle fighting with the Romans. The Romans were led by T. Lartius and the Latins by Mamilius Octavius.
496 BC - Death of deposed King Tarquinius Superbus in Cumae, where he had been granted refuge.
495 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis and P. Servilius Priscus Structus.
495 BC - Battle of Aricia against the Aurunci.
495 BC - The Roman forces capture the town of Seussa Pometia.
495 BC - The Romans sign a military pact with the Hernici.
494 BC - The consuls are A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (second time) and T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
494 BC - A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus is appointed dictator, and appoints M. Valerius as his Magister Equitum (master of the horse) after a battle against the Italian Volscians.
494 BC - A bloody battle occurs between the Romans and the Volscians at Velitrae.
494 BC - First Secession of the Plebs in Rome. Creation of the tribunes of the plebs, two of whom are elected annually. The First tribunes are G. Licinius and L. Albinus who later appoint Sicinius and two unknown others to join them.
494 BC - Creation of the office of aedile for the plebeians of Rome, held by two men.
494 BC - The famous Roman Coriolanus is exiled for threatening to raise grain prices during a famine. He was sent to the Volsci and stayed with his direct rival Attius Tullius.
493 BC - The consuls are Postumus Cominius Auruncus and Sp. Cassius Vecellinus.
493 BC - A treaty known as the foedus Cassianum created by Sp. Cassius was signed by Rome and the Latins in order to protect themselves against incursions from mountain tribes.
493 BC - The Roman general Gn. Marcius captures the Volscian town of Corioli and is thus given, by decree of the senate, the surname Coriolanus.
493 BC - The Volscians are defeated in a battle at Antium.
492 BC - The consuls are T. Geganius Macerinus and P. Minucius Augurinus.
491 BC - The consuls are M. Minucius Augurinus and A. Sempronius Atratinus.
491 BC - A law passed by a tribune named L. Icilius, the lex Icilia, prevents magistrates from interrupting an assembly of the people.
491 BC - Acting as a general for the Volscians, Coriolanus captures the Roman cities of Circeii, Satricum, Longula, Polsuca, Corioli, Lavinium, Corbio, Vitellia, Trebium, Labici and Pedum.
491 BC - Just before he is about to invade Rome, Coriolanus is turned back by a plea from his mother.
491 BC - The temple of Fortuna Muliebris is built, to comemerate the memories and actions of the women who stopped Coriolanus.
490 BC - The consuls are Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus and Sp. Lartius.
490 BC - The Greek forces under Miltiades defeat the invading Persian force under King Darius of Persia at the battle of Marathon.
489 BC - The consuls are G. Julius Iullus and P. Pinarius Mamertinus Rufus.
488 BC - The consuls are Sp. Nautius Rutilus and Sex. Furius.
487 BC - The consuls are T. Sicinius and G. Aquillius
487 BC - The army of the Hernici is defeated by the Romans.
486 BC - The consuls are Sp. Cassius Vicellinus and Proculus Verinius Tricostus Rutilus.
486 BC - Spurius Cassius, who was aiming at being consul a third time is killed for trying to gain too much personal power (this event is questionable).
486 BC - War with the Aequi and the Volsci, which flares up and dies down again for the next fifty years.
485 BC - The consuls are Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis and Q. Fabius Vibulanus (first time).
484 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus (first time) and K. Fabius Vibulanus (first time).
483 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Vibulanus (first time) and Sp. Furius Fusus (first time).
483 BC - The temple of Castor is finally completed and dedicated.
482 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and G. Julius Iullus.
482 - 474 BC - Intermittent wars with Veii occur in this period.
481 BC - The consuls are K. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and Sp. Furius Fusus (second time).
481 BC - In an ambush set up by the Veientes, all 306, except one, of the clan Fabii are killed.
480 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and Gn. Manlius Cincinnatus.
480 BC - The 'Spartan Last Stand' occurs under Leonidas at Thermopylae. The Spartans are eventually defeated after being betrayed by a traitor, Ephialtes.
480 BC - The Greek forces under the general Themistocles defeat the invading Persian navy under King Xerxes at the battle of Salamis.
479 BC - The consuls are K. Fabius Vibulanus (third time) and G. Servilius Structus Ahala.
479 BC - The battle of the Cremera occurs, when the clan Fabii enlists their clients into an army. They then attack and defeat a Veiian army.
478 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus (second time) and T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus.
478 BC - One of the consuls, T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, dies and the consul suffectus is Verginius Esquilinus.
477 BC - The consuls are G. Horatius Pulvillus and T. Menenius Agrippae Lanatus.
476 BC - The consuls are A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilusand Sp. Servilius Structus.
475 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (first time) & C. Nautius Rutilus.
474 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Medullinus & A. Manlius Vulso.
474 BC - An army of Etruscans is defeated near the town of Cumae by Hiero of Syracuse. This is the first contact of any kind with Syracuse by the Romans.
474 BC - The "40 years peace" agreement between Veii and Rome is signed.
473 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus (third time) and Vopiscus Julius Iullus.
472 BC - The consuls are L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus and P. Furius Medullinus Fusus.
471 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Crassinus Inregillensis Sabinus and T. Quinctus Capitolinus.
471 BC - The Lex Publilia Voleronis is created. It legalizes the assemblies and elections of the plebeians. It authorizes the creation of the Comitia Plebis.
471 BC - Second secession of the plebs in Rome. The plebeian assembly is made into a tribal affair, in that the tribes of Rome are asked to vote to pass plebiscites.
470 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus and Ti. Aemilius Mamercus (first time).
470? BC - Birth of the Greek philosopher Socrates.
469 BC - The consuls are T. Numicius Priscus and A. Verginius Caeliomontanus.
468 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (first time) and Q. Servilius Structus Priscus.
467 BC - The consuls are Ti. Aemilius Mamercus (second time) and Q. Fabius Vibulanus (first time).
467 BC - Foundation of the Latin colony of Antium.
466 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Priscus and Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
465 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Vibulanus (second time) and T. Quinctus Capitolinus Barbatus (second time).
464 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albus Regillensis and Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus.
463 BC - The consuls are P. Servilius Priscus and L. Aebutius Helva.
462 BC - The consuls are L. Lucretius Tricipitinus and T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
462 BC - A tribune of the plebs, G. Terentilius Harsa, begins to agitate for the establishment of a committee to write down the laws of Rome.
461 BC - The consuls are P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus and Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus.
461 BC - Dissatisfied plebeians in Rome begin to riot.
460 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola (second time) and G. Claudius Inregillensis Sabinus.
460 BC - One of the consuls dies, and the consul suffectus is L. Quinctius Cincinnatus (first time).
460 BC - Birth of the Father of Medicine and creator of the Hippocratic Oath, Hippocrates.
459 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Vibulanus and L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus.
458 BC - The consuls are G. Nautius Rutilus and Carvetus.
458? BC - A Roman general L. Minucius is defeated by the Aequi at Mt. Algidus, but the army is rescued from complete annihilation by L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, who left his plow to become dictator. He ruled for 16 days, then retired back to his farm.
457 BC - The consuls are originally M. Horatius Pulvillus and Q. Minucius Esquilinus, then L. Quinctius Cincinnatus (second time) and M. Fabius Vibulanus.
456 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca and Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontantus.
456 BC - Third secession of the plebs in Rome. The plebeians of Rome are granted land to live upon.
455 BC - The consuls are T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus and G. Veturius Cicurinus.
454 BC - The consuls are Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus and A. Aternius Varus Fontinalis.
453 BC - The consuls are Sex. Quinctilius and P. Curiatus Fistus Trigeminus.
452 BC - The consuls are T. Menenius Lanatus and P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus.
451 BC - The decemvirate (council of ten) is established. Their powers work outside of the regular constitution. The decemvirate replaced the consuls, and consisted of the following senators:
	Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus, T. Genucius Augurinus, L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, P. Sestius Capito, G. Julius Iullus, A. Manlius Vulso, P. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, P. Curiatus Fistus Trigeminus, T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus, and Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
451 BC - The Code of the Twelve Tables is published by the decemvirate.
450 BC - Number of the tribunes of the plebs raised to ten.
449 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus and M. Horatius Barbatus.
449 BC - Fourth secession of the plebs. The lex Valeria Horatia grants the tribunician inviolability. This is later granted to the emperors.
448 BC - The consuls are Sp. Herminius Coritinesanus and T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus.
447 BC - The consuls are M. Geganius Macerinus (first time) and G. Julius.
447 BC - Creation of position for two quaestors, elected by the tribal assembly. This became the first step of a political career, and allowed automatic entry into the senate.
447 BC - The Roman general and politician M. Furius Camillus is born.
446 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (first time) and Agrippa Furius Fusus.
445 BC - The consuls are M. Genucius Augurinus and G. Curtius Philo.
445 BC - A law passed by a tribune named Canuleius, the lex Canuleia, replaces the consuls with military tribunes with consular powers.
445 BC - Passing of the lex Canuleia, a law allowing plebeians and patricians to marry, up until then forbidden.
444 BC - The military tribunes for the year are A. Sempronius Atratinus, L. Atilius Luscus and T. Cloelius Siculus.
444 BC - The Romans sign a treaty with Ardea.
443 BC - The consuls are M. Geganius Macerinus (first time) and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (second time).
443 BC - Introduction of the office of censor to the Cursus Honorum.
442 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Vibulanus and Postumius Aebutius Helva Cornicen.
441 BC - The consuls are G. Furius Pacilus Fusus and M. Papirius Crassus.
440 BC - The consuls are Proculus Geganius Macerinus and T. Menenius Lanatus.
439 BC - The consuls are Agrippa Menenius Lanatus and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (second time).
439 BC - Gn. Spurius Maelius attempts to make himself king of Rome. He is killed by Quintus Servilius Ahala.
439 BC - Quinctius Cincinnatus is made dictator of Rome to deal with plebeian conspiracy.
438 BC -The military tribunes for the year are L. Quinctius Cincinnatus (fourth time), Mamercus Aemilius and C. Julius Iullus.
438? BC - Death of the Greek lyric poet Pindar, at Argos.
438 BC - Death of the Roman general and statesman L. Quinctius Cincinnatus.
437 BC - The consuls are M. Geganius Macerinus (second time) and L. Sergius Fidenas (first time).
436 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Crassus and M. Cornelius Maluginensis.
435 BC - The consuls are G. Julius and L. Verginius Tricostus (first time).
435 BC - Q. Servilius Fidenas excavates a tunnel under the walls of the city of Fidenae in order to capture it. This is an essential step towards taking the city of Veii.
434 BC - The consuls are originally G. Julius Iullus and L. Verginius Tricostus (second time), then M. Manlius Capitolinus and Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus.
434 BC - The terms of office for censors are fixed at four years.
433 BC - The military tribunes are M. Fabius Vibulanus, M. Folius Flaccinator, and L. Sergius Fidenas.
433 BC - The temple of Apollo at Rome is built.
432 BC - The military tribunes are L. Pinarius Mamercus, L. Furius Medullinus and Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
431 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus (first time) and G. Julius Mento.
431 BC - The Aquei are driven from Mt. Algidius by M. Furius Camillus.
430 BC - The consuls are G. Papirius Crassus and L. Julius Iullus.
429 BC - The consuls are Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus and L. Sergius Fidenas (second time).
428 BC - The consuls are originally A. Cornelius Cossus and T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus (second time), then L. Quinctius and A. Sempronius.
427 BC - The consuls are G. Servilius Structus Ahala and L. Papirius Mugillanus.
427 BC - Comitia Centuriata given final voice in the matter of declaration of war.
426 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus, C. Furius Pacilus Fusus, M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis and A. Cornelius Cossus.
425 BC - The military tribunes are A. Sempronius Atratinus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Furius Medullinus and L. Horatius Barbatus.
424 BC - The military tribunes are Ap. Claudius Crassus, Sp. Nautius Rutilius, L. Sergius Fidenas and Sex. Julius Iullus.
423 BC - The consuls are G. Sempronius Atratinus and Q. Fabius Vibulanus.
422 BC - The military tribunes are L. Manlius Capitolinus, Q. Antonius Merenda and L. Papirius Mugilanus.
421 BC - The consuls are Gn. Fabius Vibulanus and T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus.
421 BC - The number of positions of quaestors is increased to four, and it is opened to plebeians.
420 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius, L. Furius Medullinus, M. Manlius Vulso and A. Sempronius Atratinus.
419 BC - The military tribunes are Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Sp. Nautius Rutulus, and G. Servilius Axilla.
418 BC - The military tribunes are L. Sergius Fidenas, M. Papirius Mugillanus and G. Servilius Axilla.
417 BC - The military tribunes are P. Lucretius Tricipitinus, Agrippa Menenius Lanatus, G. Servilius Axilla and Sp. Rutilius Crassus.
416 BC - The military tribunes are A. Sempronius Atratinus, M. Papirius Mugillanus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus and Sp. Nautius Rutilus.
415 BC - The military tribunes are P. Cornelius Cossus, G. Valerius Potitus, N. Vibulanus and Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus.
414 BC - The military tribunes are Gn. Cornelius Cossus, L. Valerius Potitus, Q. Fabius Vibulanus and P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis.
413 BC - The consuls are A. Cornelius Cossus and L. Furius Medullinus (first time).
412 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Ambustus Vibulanus and G. Furius Pacilus.
411 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Mugillanus and Sp. Nautius Rutilus.
410 BC - The consuls are Man. Aemilius Mamercinus and G. Valerius Potitus Volusus.
409 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Cossus and L. Furius Medullinus (second time).
409 BC - Three of the elected quaestors are plebeians.
408 BC - The military tribunes are G. Julius Iullus, P. Cornelius Cossus and G. Servilius Ahala.
407 BC - The military tribunes are L. Furius Medullinus, C. Valerius Potitus, Gn. Fabius Vibulanus and G. Servilius Ahala.
406 BC - The military tribunes are P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus, Gn. Cornelius Cossus, Gn. Fabius Ambustus and L. Valerius Potitus.
406 BC - The city of Anxur is captured by the Romans after it is laid siege to.
405 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus, G. Julius Iullus, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus, L. Furius Medullinus and M' Aemilius Mamercinus.
405 - 396 BC - Siege of Veii. Town finally captured and destroyed by M. Furius Camillus.
404 BC - The military tribunes are G. Valerius Potitus Volusus, Man. Sergius Fidenas, P. Cornelius Maluginensis, Gn. Cornelius Cossus, K. Fabius Ambustus and Nautius Rutilus.
403 BC - The military tribunes are Man. Aemilius Mamercus, L. Valerius Potitus, Ap. Claudius Crassus Ingregillensis, M. Quinctilius Varus, L. Julius Iullus, M. Furius Fusus, M. Postumius, M. Furius Camillus and M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis.
402 BC - The military tribunes are G. Servilius Ahala, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus, Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus and Man. Sergius Fidenas.
401 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Potitus, M. Furius Camillus, Man. Aemilius Mamercus, Gn. Cornelius Cossus, K. Fabius Ambustus and L. Julius Iullus.
400 BC - The military tribunes are P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, P. Manlius Vulso, L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, Sp. Furius Medullinus and L. Publilius Philo Vulscus.
399 BC - The military tribunes are L. Atilius Priscus, M. Pomponius Rufus, G. Duilius Longus, M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus and Volerius Publilius Philo.
399? BC - Death of the Greek philosopher Socrates, who is forced to commit suicide by drinking Hemlock.
398 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Potitus, M. Valerius Maximus, M. Furius Camillus, L. Furius Medullinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas and Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus.
397 BC - The military tribunes are L. Julius Iullus, L. Furius Medullinus, L. Sergius Fidenas, A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis, P. Cornelius Maluginensis and A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus.
396 BC - The military tribunes are L. Titinius Pansa Saccus, P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus, P. Maelius Capitolinus, P. Manlius Vulso, Gn. Genucius Augurinus and L. Atilius Priscus.
396 BC - The town of Melpum falls to the marauding Insubres, and became their chief settlement.
396 BC - Pay is introduced for Roman soldiers for the first time.
396 BC - The Roman general and military tribune captures the city of Veii after ten years by digging a tunnel under the city.
395 BC - The military tribunes are P. Cornelius Cossus, P. Cornelius Scipio, K. Fabius Ambustus, L. Furius Medullinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas and M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus.
394 BC - The military tribunes are M. Furius Camillus, L. Furius Medullinus, G. Aemilius Mamercinus, L. Valerius Publicola, Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis and P. Cornelius Cossus.
394 BC - The Falerii surrender unconditionally to the Romans under M. Furius Camillus after he returns a traitor who tried to give him the children of the city's officials.
393 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus (first time) and Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis.
392 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Potitus (second time) and M. Manlius Capitolinus.
391 BC - The military tribunes are L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus, Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus, M. Aemilius Mamercinus, L. Furius Medullinus, Agrippa Furius Fusus and G. Aemilius Mamercinus.
391 BC - The Roman general, M. Camillus Furius, is charged with taking the booty from Veii for himself, is found guilty, and banished to Ardea.
390 BC - The military tribunes are Q. Fabius Ambustus, K. Fabius Ambustus, Num. Fabius Ambustus, Q. Sulpicius Longus, Q. Servilius Fidenas and P. Cornelius Maluginensis.
390 BC - Disaster of Allia. The Roman army under the command of the military tribunes Q. Servius Fidenas, Q. Sulpicius and P. Cornelius Maluginensis are defeated by the Gauls, led by King Brennus.
390 BC - Gauls occupy city of Rome and begin to sack and burn everything except capitol. Siege for 7 months, before the invaders are bought off.
390 BC - T. Manlius, while fighting a Gaul, took his necklace and was called Torquatus from that point on.
389 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Publicola, L. Verginius Tricostus, P. Cornelius, A. Manlius, L. Aemilius Mamercus and L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis.
388 BC - The military tribunes are T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Julius Iullus, L. Aquilius Corvus, L. Lucretius Flavus Tricipitinus and Ser. Sulpicius Rufus.
388 BC - The Aequi are defeated by the Romans at a battle near Bola.
387 BC - The military tribunes are L. Papirius Cursor, Gn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo, L. Aemilius Mamercus, Licinius Menenius Lanatus and L. Valerius Publicola.
386 BC - The military tribunes are M. Furius Camillus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Servilius Fidenas, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus, L. Horatius Pulvillus and P. Valerius Potitus Publicola.
386 BC - The combined Italian tribes, the Latins, Volscii, and Hernici are defeated by the Romans.
385 BC - The military tribunes are A. Manlius, P. Cornelius, T. Quinctius Capitolinus, L. Quinctius Capitolinus and L. Papirius Cursor.
384 BC - The military tribunes are Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola, M. Furius Camillus, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, G. Papirius Crassus and T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus.
383 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Publicola, A. Manlius, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, L. Lucretius Flavus Tricipitinus, L. Aemilius Mamercus and M. Trebonius.
382 BC - The military tribunes are Sp. Papirius Crassus, L. Papirius Mugillanus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Servilius Fidenas, G. Sulpicius Camerinus and L. Aemilius Mamercus.
381 BC - The military tribunes are M. Furius Camillus, A. Postumius Regillensis, L. Postumius Regillensis, L. Furius Medullinus, L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus and M. Fabius Ambustus
381 BC - The district of Tusculum is pacified after a revolt against Rome, and it is incorporated as Roman land.
380 BC - The military tribunes are L. Valerius Publicola, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, G. Sulpicius Peticus, L. Aemelius Mamercus, Gn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo, Ti. Papirius Crassus and L. Papirius Mugillanus.
379 BC - The military tribunes are P. Manlius Capitolinus, G. Manlius, L. Julius Iullus, G. Sextilius, M. Albinius, L. Antistius, P. Trebonius and G. Erenucius.
378 BC - The military tribunes are Sp. Furius, Q. Servillius Fidenas, Licinus Menenius Lanatus, P. Cloelius Siculus, M. Horatius and L. Geganius Macerinus.
378 BC - Construction of the Servian Wall, surrounding Rome for ten kilometers.
377 BC - The military tribunes are L. Aemilius Mamercinus, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola, G. Veturius, Ser. Sulpicius Rufus, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and G. Quinctius Cincinnatus.
377 BC - The Latins are defeated after the capture of the city of Satricum.
376 BC - The military tribunes are L. Papirius, Licinius Menenius Lanatus and Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis.
375 BC - No curule magistrates are elected for this year.
374 BC - The sole consul is G. Licinius Stolo.
373 BC - The sole consul is L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus.
371 BC - The sole consul is Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus.
370 BC - The military tribunes are L. Furius Medullinus, A. Manlius Capitolinus, Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus, Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, P. Valerius Potitus Publicola and G. Valerius Potitus.
369 BC - The military tribunes are Q. Servilius Fidenas, G. Veturius, A. Cornelius Cossus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus and M. Fabius Ambustus.
368 BC - The military tribunes are Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis, Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus, Sp. Servilius Structus, L. Papirius Crassus and L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus.
367 BC - The military tribunes are A. Cornelius Cossus, M. Cornelius Maluginensis, M. Geganius Macerinus, P. Manlius Capitolinus, L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus and P. Valerius Potitus Publicola.
367 BC - M. Camillus Furius becomes dictator an unprecedented fifth time, and in a battle near the city of Alba Longa, he defeats an army of Gauls.
367 BC - The position of military tribune is reverted back to the consulship under the Sextian - Licinian laws.
367 BC - Consulship opened to all plebeians.
367 BC - The amount of public land any man might hold is limited to 500 iugera (300 acres) under a law passed by two tribunes of the plebs, G. Licinius Stolo and L. Sextius.
367 BC - The Temple of Concord is built in Rome.
366 BC - The first plebeian, L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus, is elected consul, as is L. Aemilius Mamercus (first time).
366 BC - A new administrative position is added to the cursus honorum, the praetor. A man must attain the praetorship before becoming a consul.
366 BC - Creation of the office of curule aedile, held by two patricians.
366 BC - The introduction of the ludi Romani games.
365 BC - The consuls are L. Genucius Aventinensis and Q. Servilius Ahala (first time).
365 BC - M. Furius Camillus dies of the plague.
364 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus and G. Licinius Stolo (first time).
363 BC - The consuls are Gn. Genucius Aventinensis and L. Aemilius Mamercus (second time).
362 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Ahala (second time) and L. Genucius Aventinensis.
362 BC - A Roman senator, Mettius Curtius, leaps into a chasm opened up in the Forum by an earthquake, which prophets declared could only be filled by throwing in the most valuable treasure in Rome's possession.
361 BC - The consuls are G. Licinius Stolo (second time) and G. Sulpicius Peticus.
361 BC - A Roman army captures the city of Ferentinum.
360 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Ambustus (first time) and G. Poetelius Libo Balbus.
360 BC - Aerarium sanctius (special emergency fund) set up in the temples of Rome.
360 BC - War with cities of Tibur, Praeneste, and the tribe Hernici.
359 BC - The consuls are M. Popillius Laenas and Gn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus (first time).
359 BC - The town of Tarquinii revolts against Roman rule.
358 BC - The consuls are G. Fabius Ambustus and G. Plautius Proculus.
358 BC - The tribe of the Hernici are allowed to become allies of Rome again, despite their declaring war against Rome.
357 BC - The consuls are G. Marcius Rutilus and Gn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus.
357 BC - The Romans institute the first tax on the manumission of slaves, setting it at 5%.
357 BC - A Gallic raid on the territory of Latium occurs.
357 BC - The town of Falerii revolts against Rome.
357 BC - The rate of interest on borrowing money is fixed.
356 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Ambustus (second time) and M. Popillius Laenas.
356 BC - The first plebeian dictator is appointed.
355 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus and M. Valerius Publicola.
354 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Ambustus (third time) and T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus (first time).
354 BC - Samnites sign a treaty of alliance with Rome.
353 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus (first time) and M. Valerius Publicola.
352 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Publicola and G. Marcius Rutilus.
352 BC - The tomb of King Mausolus of Caria, known as the Mausoleum, is built to house the remains of the dead King.
351 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Peticus (second time) and T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus (second time).
351 BC - The revolts in the towns of Falerii and Tarquinii are crushed, and they are given renewed treaties with Rome.
351 BC - The office of censor is opened to the plebeians.
350 BC - The consuls are M. Popillius Laenas and L. Cornelius Scipio.
             - L. Furius Camillus is dictator. The magister equitum is P. Cornelius Scipio.
349 BC - The consuls originally are L. Furius Camillus and Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis, then M. Aemelius and T. Quinctius.
             - T. Manlius Torquatus Imperiosus is dictator. The magister equitum is A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina.
348 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Corvus (first time) and M. Popillius Laenas.
347 BC - The consuls are G. Plautius Venno and T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus (first time).
347 BC - Death of the great Greek philosopher Plato.
346 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Corvus (second time) and G. Poetelius Libo Visolus.
346 BC - The Romans defeat the cities of Antium and Satricum.
345 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Dorsuo and Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus.
345 BC - L. Furius Camillus is dictator. The magister equitum is Q. Fabius Ambustus.
344 BC - The consuls are G. Marcius Rutilus & T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus (second time).
– P. Valerius Poplicola is dictator. The magister equitum is Q. Fabius Ambustus.
343 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Corvus and A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina.
343 BC - Rome signs an alliance with the city of Falerii.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) Start of the First Samnite War after the Romans renounce their treaty with the Samnites.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) The consul A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina defeats a Samnite army in battle at Saticula.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) The Campanian city of Capua appeals to Rome for help from Samnite attacks. A Roman army expels the Samnites and occupies Capua.
343 BC - The Latins attack the city of Paeligni.
343 BC - (First Samnite War) M. Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites in battle at Mt. Gaurus & Suessula.
342 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Ahala and G. Marcius Rutilus.
             - M. Valerius Corvus is dictator. The magister equitum is L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas.
342 BC - (First Samnite War) A mutiny occurs amongst the Roman army, jeopardizing their territorial gains into Samnite lands.
341 BC - The consuls are G. Plautius Venno and L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas
341 BC - (First Samnite War) The consul L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas starts to campaign against the Samnites. This is the climax of the war.
341 BC - (First Samnite War) End Samnite War. Peace treaty signed with Rome to enable the Samnites to fight against their neighbors Tarentum.
341 BC - Birth of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, on the Greek island of Samos.
340 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus (third time) and P. Decius Mus.
             - L. Papirius Crassus is dictator. The magister equitum is L. Papirius Cursor.
340 BC - Start Great Latin War.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus defeats a Latin army at Veseris, in which the flagging army is saved when P. Decius Mus sacrifices his life to rally the troops.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus defeats a combined army of Latins, Volsci and Auruncii at Trifanum.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) Battle of Suessa Aurunca, in which the Romans defeated collected contingents of Campanians and Latins.
340 BC - (Great Latin War) After the defeat of the combined army, the Romans offered very favorable terms to the Campanians and succeeded in removing the Campanians from the coalition with the Latins.
339 BC - The consuls are Ti. Aemilius Mamercus and Q. Publilius Philo.
             - Q. Publilius Philo is dictator. The magister equitum is D. Junius Brutus Scaeva.
339 BC - The plebeian consul Q. Publilius Philo named as dictator, and passes law that one of the censors must be a plebeian.
339 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul Ti. Aemilius Mamercus campaigns against Tibur, Praeneste, Velitrae and Pedum.
339 BC - A lex Publilia is passed, which cancels the rights of Patricians to veto procedures and acts in the Comitia Tributa.
338 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Camillus and G. Maenius Nepos.
338 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul L. Camillus Furius is victorious over Pedum and Tibur.
338 BC - (Great Latin War) The consul G. Maenius Nepos is victorious over Lavinium and Velitrae.
338 BC - (Great Latin War) Battle of Antium. The city was attacked and taken from its Volscian owners.
338 BC - End of the Great Latin War.
338 BC - The Latin League is dissolved by the Romans. The cities of Lanuvium, Pedum and Tusculum receive full citizenship. The cities of Formiae, Cumae and Capua receive half-citzenships, called Latin Rights.
338 BC - Campania is incorporated as a part of the growing nation of Rome.
338 BC - The rostra, or speaking platform, is created by G. Maenius, and it derives its name from the ships beaks hanging from it, which are trophies of naval victories.
337 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Longus and P. Aelius Paetus.
             - G. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis is dictator. The magister equitum is G. Claudius Hortator.
337 BC - Office of praetor opened to plebeians.
337 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Crassus and K. Duillius.
336 BC - The Romans capture the town of Teanum Sidicinum. The town submits to the offer of an alliance with Rome.
335 BC - The consuls are M. Atilius Regulus Calenus and M. Valerius Corvus.
334 BC - The consuls are Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus and T. Veturius Calvinus.
333 BC - The consuls are replaced for the year by the dictator P. Cornelius Rufinus and the magister equitum M. Antonius.
332 BC - The consuls are Gn. Domitius Calvinus and A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina.
332 BC - Creation of two new tribes at Rome, Maecia and Scaptia.
332 BC - Rome signs a treaty with the city of Tarentum.
331 BC - The consuls are G. Valerius Potitus and M. Claudius Marcellus.
331 BC - Treaty of Senones with Rome.
330 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Crassus and L. Plautius Venox.
330 BC - The Achaemenid dynasty of Persia is brought to an end by Alexander the Great.
329 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Mamercus Privernas and C. Plautius Decianus.
329 BC - The Circus Maximus is completed in Rome. It is the major hippodrome in Rome until the end of the Empire.
329 BC - A Roman colony is founded at Tarracina.
328 BC - The consuls are G. Plautius Decianus and P. Cornelius Scapula Scipio Barbatus.
328 BC - A Latin colony is founded, named Fregellae.
328 BC - Expulsion of Volscians from the Liris Valley.
327 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus and Q. Publilius Philo.
327 BC - Start of Second Samnite War.
326 BC - The consuls are G. Poetelius Libo Visolus and L. Papirius Cursor.
326 BC - The development of extended governorships occurred (prorogatio imperii, meaning the extension of a governor's imperium, or authority), and the terms pro consule and pro praetore came into existence.
326 BC - The Romans enter into an alliance with the cities of Neapolis, Nuceria and the tribe of the Apulians.
325 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Camillus and D. Junius Brutus Scaeva.
325 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Roman army appears for the first time on the Adriatic coast. During this, they won over the tribes of the Marsi and Paeligni, and reduced the tribe of the Vestini on the Adriatic coast.
324 BC - The consuls are replaced by the dictator L. Papirius Cursor and the magister equitum Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus.
323 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Longus and Q. Aulius Cerretanus.
322 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus and L. Fulvius Curvus.
321 BC - The consuls are T. Veturius Calvinus and Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus.
321 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Caudine Forks disaster occurs, when the Samnites defeated an army of 20,000 men, and made the survivors 'Pass under the yoke' The Romans were then forced to sign a treaty with the Samnites. The Romans are forced to surrender Fregellae to the Samnites. The consuls retire from office, and offer to hand themselves over to the Samnites, but the Samnite leader Gavius Pontius refuses to take them.
320 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and Q. Publilius Philo.
319 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and Q. Aulius Cerretanus.
319 BC - Birth of King Pyrrhus of Epirus.
318 BC - The consuls are M. Folius Flaccinator and L. Plautius Venno.
318 BC - Creation of two new tribes, Falernia and Oufentina, created in southern Campania.
317 BC - The consuls are G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus and Q. Aemilius Barbula.
316 BC - The consuls are Sp. Nautius Rutilus and M. Popillius Laenas.
316 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Romans break their treaty with the Samnites.
315 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and Q. Publilius Philo.
315 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Samnite army achieves a victory at Laetulae over the Roman general and dictator Q. Fabius Rullianus.
314 BC - The consuls are M. Poetelius Libo and G. Sulpicius Longus.
314 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Roman army enters Samnite territory and drives the Samnites from the city of Tarracina. This forces the Capuans to sign a treaty after having defected from the Romans.
314 BC - (Second Samnite War) Capture of the Samnite stronghold of Luceria, which they razed to the ground.
313 BC - The consuls are L. Papirius Cursor and G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus.
313 BC - (Second Samnite War) Fregellae is recaptured by the Romans, and the town of Sora is also captured.
312 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corrinus and P. Decius Mus.
312 BC - Appius Claudius Caecus is elected as censor and institutes many public building schemes.
312 BC - Construction of the first aqueduct, the Aqua Appia, and the first major road, the Via Appia, which connected Rome with southern Italy.
312 BC - The number of rural tribes in Rome is raised to twenty-seven.
311 BC - The consuls are G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus and Q. Aemilius Barbula.
311 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Etruscans are induced into a total mobilization against the Romans by the Samnites.
311 BC - A board to organize the Roman fleets, the duoviri navales, is established.
310 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus and G. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus.
310 BC - (Second Samnite War) The Romans advance into Etruria and defeated the Etruscans at a battle near Lake Vadimo, under the general Fabius Rullianus.
310 BC - (Second Samnite War) A Roman plan to land a naval raid near Pompeii is unsuccessful.
310 BC - A peace treaty is signed with Cortona and Arretium.
309 BC - The consuls are replaced by the dictator L. Papirius Cursor and the magister equitum G. Junius Bubulcus Brutus.
308 BC - The consuls are P. Decius Mus and Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus.
307 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Caecus and L. Volumnius Flamma Violens.
307 BC - The Italian tribe, the Hernici, revolt against Rome and break their previous treaty with Rome.
307 BC - Pyrrhus is hailed as King of Epirus.
305 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus and Ti. Minucius Augurinus.
304 BC - The consuls are P. Sempronius Sophus and P. Sulpicius Saverrio.
304 BC - End of Second Samnite War.
304 BC - The Romans defeat the Aequi.
304 BC - Alliances with Rome are made by the Marsi, Paeglini, Marrucini, and Frentani.
303 BC - The consuls are Ser. Cornelius Lentulus and L. Genucius Aventinensis.
303 BC - The Latin colony of Sora is established in Samnite territory to guard the Liris valley.
303 BC - The Latin colony of Alba Fucens is established.
302 BC - The consuls are M. Livius Denter and M. Aemilius Paullus.
301 BC - The consuls are replaced by the dictator M. Valerius Maximus Corvus and the masters of the horse Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianusis and M. Aemilius Paullus.
300 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corvus (fifth time) and Quintus Appuleius Pansa.
300 BC - A lex Ogulnia is passed, which states that half of the members of Rome's priestly colleges must be plebeian.
300 BC - A lex Valeria passed by a tribune of the plebs granted the legal right to appeal against any capital sentence passed on a Roman citizen.
299 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Torquatus and M. Fulvius Paetinus
299 BC - Two new tribes, Aniensis and Terentina, are created.
299 BC - The Romans capture the territory of Narnia.
298 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus and Gn. Fulvius Maximus Centumalus
298 BC - An alliance is formed with the Picentes.
298 BC - A marauding band of Gauls make a sporadic raid into Roman territory.
298 BC - Founding of the Latin rights colony of Carseoli.
298 BC - Start Third Samnite War.
298 BC - (Third Samnite War) A Roman army under the general L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus drives the Samnites out of Lucanian territory.
298 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Romans capture the Samnite cities of Taurasia, Bovianum Vetus and Aufidena.
297 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus (fourth time) and P. Decius Mus (third time).
296 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Caecus (second time) and Lucius Volumnius (first time).
295 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus (fifth time) and P. Decius Mus (fourth time).
295 BC - (Third Samnite War) Battle of Camerinum, in which Scipio Barbatus suffered a crushing defeat by a combined army of Gauls and Samnites.
295 BC - (Third Samnite War) Battle of Sentinum, in which the plebeian consul was killed while trying to rally his failing troops. The battle ended with the defeat of the Samnites, their coalition allies the Senones and the death of their leader Gellius Egnatius.
294 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus (second time) and M. Atilius Regulus.
294 BC - (Third Samnite War) A Roman army is beaten by the Samnites at the battle of Luceria.
294 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Etruscans quickly make peace with Rome after the Samnite defeat.
293 BC - The consuls are Sp. Carvilius Maximus (first time) and L. Papirius Carbo (first time).
293 BC - The cult of Aesculapius is introduced into Rome.
293 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Romans achieve a victory over the Samnite forces at the battle of Aquilonia.
292 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges (first time) and D. Junius Brutus Scaeva.
292 BC - (Third Samnite War) The rebellious city of Falerii is reduced by the Romans.
291 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus (third time) and G. Junius Brutus Bubulcus (first time).
291 BC - (Third Samnite War) The Romans storm the Samnite city of Venusia.
291 BC - The founding of the colony of Venusia on the Lucanian border.
290 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Rufinus (first time) and Man. Curius Dentatus (first time).
290 BC - End of the Third Samnite War.
290 BC - The Sabines are conquered by Man. Curius Dentatus.
290 BC - Establishment of the triumviri capitales (police officers) occurs in Rome.
290 BC - The Sabines are granted full Roman citizenship.
290 BC - The construction on the Great Library of Alexandria is completed and the structure is dedicated in Egypt.
289 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus (second time) and Q. Caedicius Noctua.
289 BC - Introduction of the triumviri monetales (official mint supervisors) to control the minting of money.
288 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Arvina (second time) and Q. Marcius Tremulus (second time).
288 BC - The city of Messana on the island of Syracuse is taken control of by a group of Campanian mercenaries known as 'Mamertines', or sons of Mars.
287 BC - The consuls are M. Claudius Marcellus and G. Nautius Rutilus.
287 BC - Last secession of the plebs. Plebian dictator Q. Hortensius is appointed, and passes the lex Hortensia, which gives plebiscites power at law.
286 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus (third time) and G. Aelius Paetus.
285 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus and G. Claudius Canina (first time).
284 BC - The consuls are G. Servilius Tucca and L. Caecilius Metellus Denter.
284 BC - The Gaullic Senones renew their incursions into Roman territory and lay siege to the city of Arretium, defeating the army of the consul L. Caecilius Metellus, who was killed during the fighting.
284 BC - Birth of the Roman playwright Livius Andronicus, in the city of Tarentum, in Magna Graecia.
284 BC - The Gallic raiders are forcibly ejected from the ager Gallicus by the Romans.
284 BC - Founding of a Roman colony at Sena.
283 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Dolabella and Gn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus.
283 BC - A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabella defeats the tribe known as the Boii at the battle of Lake Vadimo.
282 BC - Q. Aemilius Papus (first time) and G. Fabricius Luscinus (first time).
282 BC - Start Pyrrhic Wars with King Pyrrhus of Epirus.
282 BC - Roman forces are sent to garrison the cities of Thurii, Rhegium and Locri.
282 BC - A Roman fleet is surprised by an attack by Tarentine naval vessels.
282? BC - Supposed date of the completion of the wonder of the world, the Colossus of Rhodes.
281 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Barbula and Q. Marcius Phillipus.
280 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Laevinus and Ti. Coruncanius.
280 BC - The censors are L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus and Gn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus.
280 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) Battle of Heraclea, in which Pyrrhus defeats a Roman force under the command of P. Valerius Laevinus, but suffers heavy losses.
280 BC - The Great Lighthouse is built on the island of Pharos in the harbor of Alexandria by King Ptolemy II in Egypt.
279 BC - The consuls are P. Sulpicius Saverrio and P. Decius Mus.
279 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) Battle of Asculum, in Apulia. Pyrrhus defeats another Roman army under the command of G. Fabricius Luscinus, but again suffers heavy casualties. The actual outcome of the battle is indecisive.
279 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) Carthage enters into a military alliance pact with the Romans against King Pyrrhus of Epirus.
278 BC - The consuls are Q. Aemilius Papus (second time) and G. Fabricius Luscinus (second time).
278 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus leaves Italy in hopes of newer conquests in Sicily.
278 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus of Epirus overruns most of Punic Sicily, except for the city of Lilybaeum.
277 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Rufinus (second time) and G. Junius Brutus Bubulcus (second time).
276 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges (second time) and G. Genucius Clepsina (first time).
276 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus returns to the Italian peninsula.
275 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and Man. Curius Dentatus (second time).
275 BC - The censors are Q. Aemilius Papus and G. Fabricius Luscinus.
275 BC - (Pyrrhic Wars) King Pyrrhus of Epirus suffers heavy losses against a Roman army near the town of Beneventum, and is finally defeated by the Roman general Man. Curius Dentatus.
275 BC - Birth of the future Roman general and statesman Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator.
274 BC - The consuls are Ser. Cornelius Merenda and Man. Curius Dentatus (third time).
273 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Canina (second time) and G. Fabius Licinius.
273 BC - Rome enters into a treaty, which did not actually achieve anything beyond contact, between the Roman people and King Ptolemy II of Egypt.
272 BC - The consuls are Sp. Carvilius Maximus (second time) and L. Papirius Cursor (second time).
272 BC - The censors are L. Papirius Praetextatus and Man. Curius Dentatus.
272 BC - Some cities of Magna Grecia, like the cities of Velia, Heraclea, Thurii and Metapontum, are enlisted as allies of Rome.
272 BC - The Romans capture the city of Tarentum.
272 BC - End of the Pyrrhic Wars.
272 BC - The aqueduct Aqua Anio Vetus is completed.
272 BC - Death of King Pyrrhus of Epirus, in Argos, Argolis. He is killed when he was hit in the head by a roof tile.
272 BC - The Romans complete the subjugation of the Samnites, Lucanians and Bruttians.
271 BC - The consuls are L. Genucius Clepsina and Caeso Quinctius Claudius.
270 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Blasio and G. Genucius Clepsina (second time).
270 BC - The city of Rhegium is recaptured after it was seized by a garrison of Campanian troops.
270 BC - Death of the Greek philosopher Epicurus.
270 BC - Birth of the Roman poet Gn. Naevius, in Capua, Campania, Italy.
270? BC - Birth of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca.
270 BC - Death of the Roman senator and general Man. Curius Dentatus.
269 BC - The consuls are G. Fabius Pictor and Q. Ogulnius Gallus.
269 BC - The censors are L. Aemilius Barbula and Q. Marcius Philippus.
269 BC - The Picentes revolt against Rome.
269 BC - The Roman system of coinage is established, with the first silver coins appearing bearing pictures of Hercules and the wolf feeding Romulus and Rhemus.
268 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Russus and P. Sempronius Sophus.
268 BC - The Picentes are reduced o submission by the Romans.
268 BC - Founding of the Latin colony of Ariminum to secure the ager Gallicus.
268 BC - The rebel Picentes are defeated and given a half citizenship. Only the city of Asculum Picenum received a treaty of alliance.
268 BC - The Sabines finally receive the full elevation to Roman citizenship.
267 BC - The consuls are L. Julius Libo and M. Atilius Regulus.
267 BC - The Romans capture the city of Brundisium, which originally belonged to a tribe known as the Sallentini. This is important, as Brundisium then becomes and important port for purposes, as well as for later campaigns in the Mediterranean regions.
266 BC - The consuls are Num. Fabius Pictor and D. Junius Pera.
266 BC - The Romans accept the requests from Apulia and Messapia for alliances, and they become part of the Roman alliance network.
266 BC - The Romans complete the subjugation of the entire Italian peninsula.
265 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges (third time) and L. Mamilius Vitulus.
265 BC - The censors are Gn. Cornelius Blasio and G. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus.
264 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Caudex and M. Fulvius Flaccus.
264 BC - An alliance between the Romans and a group of mercenaries called 'Mamertines' is signed.
264 BC - (First Punic War) A Campanian mercenary town, Messana, had men in it known as "Mamertines", who called to Rome for help after being attacked by Carthage. Start of First Punic War.
264 BC - First recorded gladiator takes place in Rome for the funeral of a member of the Junius Brutus clan.
264 BC - The Ager Romanus now reaches 23,226 square kilometers.
263 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Maximus Messalla and Man. Otacilius Crassus (first time).
263 BC - (First Punic War) The consul Man. Valerius draws lines of siege around Syracuse. Although he did not succeed in the siege, he managed to pull Syracuse away from its alliance with the Carthaginians.
263 BC - (First Punic War) Heiro of Syracuse is enrolled as a friend and ally of the Roman people.
263 BC - Foundation of the Latin colony of Aesernia.
263 BC - The first sundial is brought to Rome from Sicily.
262 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Megellus and Q. Mamilius Vitulus.
262 BC - (First Punic War) Siege of Agrigentum.
261 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Flaccus and T. Otacilius Crassus.
260 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Scipio Asina (first time) and G. Dulius.
260 BC - (First Punic War) Battle of Mylae (Naval). 140 Roman ships using the corvi, which were grappling hooks on the ends of boards destroyed 130 Punic ships.
259 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Scipio and G. Aquillius Florus.
258 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Paterculus and A. Atilius Caiatinus (first time).
258 BC - The censors are L. Cornelius Scipio and G. Duilius.
258 BC - (First Punic War) The Roman fleet achieves a minor victory over the Carthaginians off the coast near the town of Sulci.
257 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Blaiso (second time) and G. Atilius Regulus (first time).
257 BC - (First Punic War) The Roman fleet achieves a minor victory over the Carthaginians near Tyndaris.
256 BC - The consuls L. Manlius Vulso (first time) and Q. Caedicius.
256 - 255 BC - An expeditionary force sent to Africa under M. Regulus ends in disaster.
256 BC - (First Punic War) Major victory won in battle at Cape Ecnomus for the Romans under Marcus Atilius Regulus, who use their fleet to destroy the Carthaginian fleet.
255 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Paullus and Ser. Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior.
255 BC - (First Punic War) Battle of Bagradas in Africa, in which the invading Roman army under M. Regulus was virtually destroyed by the Carthaginians under the mercenary leader Xanthippus, a Spartan.
255 BC - (First Punic War) A part of the Roman fleet is wrecked off the coast near Pachynus.
254 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Scipio Asina (second time) and A. Atilius Caiatinus (second time).
254 BC - (First Punic War) Capture of the city of Panormus.
254 BC - Birth of the Roman comedy playwright Plautus, in the town of Sarsina, Umbria, in Italy.
253 BC - The consuls are Gn. Servilius Caepio and G. Sempronius Blaesus (first time).
253 BC - The censors are L. Postumius and Decimus Junius Pera.
253 BC - First plebeian Pontifex Maximus.
253 BC - (First Punic War) A small Roman fleet is wrecked off the coast of Sicily near the town of Palinurus.
252 BC - The consuls are P. Servilius Geminus (first time) and G. Aurelius Cotta (first time).
252 BC - The censors are Man. Valerius Maximus Messalla and P. Sempronius Sophus.
251 BC - The consuls are G. Furius Pacilus and L. Caecilius Metellus (first time).
250 BC - The consuls are L. Manlius Vulso (second time) and G. Atilius Regulus (second time).
250 BC - (First Punic War) A Carthaginian general tries to recover the city of Panormus, but his army is defeated, suffering heavy losses and loosing all of his elephants.
250 BC - (First Punic War) After breaking a promise to the Carthaginians that he would urge the Romans to accept the Carthaginian peace terms, M. Atilius Regulus returned to Carthage where he was killed by being rolled down a hill in a barrel filled with spikes.
250 BC - (First Punic War) Carthaginians destroy the town of Selinunte.
249 BC - The consuls are P. Claudius Pulcher and L. Junius Pullus.
249 BC - (First Punic War) Defeat of the Romans at Drepana under Appius Claudius Pulcher.
249 BC - (First Punic War) Another Roman fleet destroyed at a minor conflict under the consul Junius Pullus, near Cape Passaro. But some good comes of it, as Pullus seized the city of Eryx and the two main roads to the Carthaginian naval base of Drepana.
248 BC - The consuls are P. Servilius Geminus (second time) and G. Aurelius Cotta (second time).
247 BC - The consuls are Num. Fabius Buteo and L. Caecilius Metellus (second time).
247 BC - The censors are A. Manlius Torquatus and A. Atilius Caiatinus.
247 BC - Birth of the Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca.
247 BC - (First Punic War) The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca mounts successive raids on the Italian coast.
246 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Licinius and Man. Otacilius Crassus (second time).
245 BC - The consuls are M. Fabius Buteo and G. Atilius Bulbus (first time).
244 BC - The consuls are A. Manlius Torquatus (first time) and G. Sempronius Blaesus (second time).
243 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Gallus and G. Fundanius Fundulus.
243 BC - (First Punic War) The Romans construct a new fleet from voluntary loans from her allies.
242 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albinus and Q. Lutatius Catalus.
242 BC - Introduction of a second praetor position. The first praetor was known as praetor urbanus and the second known as praetor peregrinus.
241 BC - The consuls are Q. Lutatius Cerco and A. Manlius Torquatus (second time).
241 BC - The censors are M. Fabius Buteo and G. Aurelius Cotta
241 BC - (First Punic War) Roman ships under the admiral Lutatius Catulus defeat Carthaginian ships off the Aegadian Isles. This marks the end of the War.
241 BC - Amount of tribes of Rome reaches 35.
241 BC - A Latin colony is founded at Spoletium.
240 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Centho and M. Sempronius Tuditanus.
240 BC - The Roman poet and writer Livius Andronicus produces the first Latin literature in Rome.
239 BC - The consuls are Q. Valerius Falto and G. Mamilius Turrinus.
239 BC - Birth of the writer Quintus Ennius, born at the town of Rudiae in Calabria.
238 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Falto and Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.
238 BC - Annexation of Sardinia and Corsica.
238 BC - Birth of King Phillip V of Macedon.
237 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and Q. Fulvius Flaccus (first time).
236 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and G. Licinius Varus.
236 BC - The censors are L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus and Q. Lutatius Cerco.
236 BC - Birth of the Roman general P. Cornelius Scipio, later Africanus.
236 BC - New Gallic raids occur in the north of Italy.
236 BC - The Roman playwright Gn. Naevius has his first play produced.
235 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Torquatus (first time) and G. Atilius Bulbus (first time).
235 BC - Peace reigns. The doors of the temple of Janus are closed for the first time since the rule of Numa Pompilius.
234 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Albinus (first time) and Sp. Carvilius Maximus (first time).
234 BC - The censors are A. Postumius Albinus and Q. Atilius Bulbus.
234 BC - Birth of the Roman statesman and general Cato the Censor in Tusculum.
233 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator (first time) and Man. Pomponius Matho.
233 BC - Roman general Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus wins a victory over the Gallic Ligurians.
232 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus and M. Publicius Malleolus.
232 BC - T. Flaminius passes a law for the distribution of the ager Gallicus.
231 BC - The consuls are G. Papirius Maso and M. Pomponius Matho.
231 BC - The censors are T. Manlius Torquatus and Q. Fulvius Flaccus.
230 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Barbula and M. Junius Pera.
230 BC - The censors are Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus and M. Sempronius Tuditanus.
229 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Albinus (second time) and Gn. Fulvius Centumalus.
229 BC - Romans start war with Queen Teuta of Greek Illyria. This starts the First Illyrian War.
228 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator (second time) and Sp. Carvilius Maximus (second time).
228 BC - End of the First Illyrian War.
228 BC - Death of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca.
228 BC - The Romans send envoys to the Greek cities of Athens and Corinth.
227 BC - The consuls are P. Valerius Flaccus and M. Atilius Regulus.
227 BC - Number of praetors raised to four to cover Sicily and Sardinia.
226 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Messalla and L. Apustius Fullo.
226 BC - Roman and Carthaginian emissaries meet. The treaty of Ebro River is signed, dictating the lands of both the Carthaginians and the Romans, and setting the Ebro River as the boundary between Carthaginians and Romans.
225 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Papus and G. Atilius Regulus.
225 BC - The censors are G. Claudius Centho and M. Junius Pera.
225 BC - An invading army of Gauls is defeated in a battle near the city of Telamon.
224 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Torquatus (second time) and Q. Fulvius Flaccus (second time).
223 BC - The consuls are P. Furius Philus and G. Flaminius (first time).
223 BC - T. Flaminius is victorious in a war against the tribe the Insubres.
222 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus and M. Claudius Marcellus (first time).
222 BC - A battle occurs between the Romans and the Gauls at the battle of Sellasia.
222 BC - After the battle of Clastidium under the Roman general M. Claudius Marcellus, the Gallic Insubres and their chieftain Viridomarus surrender.
222 BC - The Celtic city of Mediolanum (modern Milan) is captured by the Romans.
221 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Asina and M. Minucius Rufus.
221 BC - The Spanish allied city of Saguntum appeals to Rome for help against Hannibal.
220 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Laevinus (first time) and Q. Mucius Scaevola.
220 BC - The censors are L. Aemilius Papus and G. Flaminius.
220 BC - Construction begins on a new circus to be built on the Campus Martius. It is being built by T. Flaminius, and is known as the Circus Flaminius.
220 BC - The via Flaminia is built by the general T. Flaminius. It connects Italy to northern Greece.
219 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Paullus (first time) and M. Livius Salinator (first time).
219 BC - Capture of town of Saguntum by Hannibal, a Carthaginian general.
219 BC - Start of the Second Illyrian War.
219 BC - The first foreign surgeon to practice in Rome arrives in the city.
218 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio and Ti. Sempronius Longus.
218 BC - (Second Punic War) Start of Second Punic War after Roman ultimatum is ignored.
218 BC - (Second Punic War) A small skirmish on the River Ticinus occurs, with a majority victory for Hannibal and the Carthaginians. Although it is only a small skirmish, it already shows the tactical superiority of Hannibal over the Romans.
218 BC - (Second Punic War) Battle of river Trebia. 50,000 Carthaginians under the command of Hannibal line up against 40,000 Romans under the command of Ti. Sempronius Longus. Only 10,000 Romans survived.
218 BC - A lex Claudia is passed, which prohibits senators from owning vessels with the ability to be launched at sea.
217 BC - The consuls are Gn. Servilius Geminus and G. Flaminius (second time).
217 BC - (Second Punic War) Battle of Lake Trasimene under Roman commander Gaius Flaminius. This ends in victory for the Carthaginians.
217 BC - (Second Punic War) Elevation of Q. Fabius Maximus later (Verucosis Cunctator) to high command, and he is made dictator. Hannibal made nervous by delaying tactics of Fabius. By delaying battles and keeping himself in the region, Fabius averted cities from going over to Hannibal's side.
217 BC - (Second Punic War) The Romans gain a victory in a naval encounter near the Ebro River.
217 BC - The Saturnalia festival is established. During the festival, masters were required to wait on their servants.
216 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Paullus (second time) and G. Terentius Varro.
216 BC - (Second Punic War) Battle of Cannae under commanders G. Terentius Varro and L. Aemilius Paullus. Ended in defeat for Romans, losing close to the entire army of 50,000 at a loss of only 6,000 men for Hannibal.
216 BC - (Second Punic War) Hannibal marches through the district of Cannae into Campania, and begins to plunder and ravage the countryside in order to tempt the Roman general Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator.
216 BC - (Second Punic War) Revolts in central Italy, including defections to the Carthaginians by cities, like Capua.
216 BC - King Phillip of Mecedon prepares a fleet to re-install the ruler of Pharos, Demetrius, back in power at Pharos. But upon hearing a rumor of the presence of a Roman fleet approaching, he abandoned the attempt.
215 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Albinus (third time) and Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (first time).
215 BC - (Second Punic War) Hasdrubal defeated by Cn. and P. Cornelius Scipio at Dertosa.
215 BC - (Second Punic War) The island of Sardinia revolts, and the Carthaginians send a force to recover the island. But the Romans, who needed the corn, sent a force of troops who quickly defeated the Carthaginian force.
215 BC - (Second Punic War) A battle occurs between the Romans and the Carthaginians near the city of Nola.
215 BC - The city of Patavium (Padua) comes under the sphere of Roman influence.
214 BC - The consuls are Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator (fourth time) and M. Claudius Marcellus (third time).
214 BC - The censors are P. Furius Philus and M. Atilius Regulus.
214 BC - Start of the First Macedonian War under King Phillip V of Macedonia.
214 BC - A Roman general, M. Valerius Laevinus, is sent on a military campaign to Illyria.
213 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus and Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (second time).
213 BC - (Second Punic War) Siege of Syracuse in Sicily begins.
213 BC - (Second Punic War) Hannibal captures and occupies the city of Tarentum.
212 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Pulcher and Q. Fulvius Flaccus (third time).
212 BC - (Second Punic War) Capture of the city of Tarentum by Hannibal.
212 BC - (Second Punic War) Romans besiege the city of Capua.
212 BC - The future king of Macedonia, Perseus, is born.
212 BC - The senate decrees the start of a new festival, the Ludi Apollinares.
212/211 BC - The introduction of a new coinage to Rome, the denarius.
211 BC - The consuls are P. Sulpicius Galba (first time) and Gn. Fulvius Centumalus.
211 BC - Rome enters into an alliance with the Aetolians.
211 BC - (Second Punic War) P. Cornelius Scipio (later Africanus) is given the command in Spain despite being a privatus (private citizen) and having neither been consul or praetor. He is the first privatus to be given a proconsular imperium, and the first privatus to command an army.
211 BC - (Second Punic War) The city of Capua falls to the Romans. It is later punished for aiding Hannibal's cause.
211 BC - (Second Punic War) The Romans destroy the city of Morgantina in order to aid their siege of Syracuse.
211 BC - (Second Punic War) Hannibal marches on Rome and sits outside the walls of the city. But so confident are the Romans that they would win the war, that the very land Hannibal's army is standing on is auctioned off, and it sells at full price.
211BC - (Second Punic War) As a part of the campaign in Sicily against Syracuse, the Romans destroy the city of Morgantina.
211 BC - (Second Punic War) Capture of Syracuse in Sicily by Roman commander M. Claudius Marcellus. Looting soldiers after the capture of Syracuse kill Archimedes.
211 BC - (First Macedonian War) The Romans form an alliance with the Greek Aetolian league to protect them against the marauding King Phillip of Macedon.
210 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Laevinus (second time) and M. Claudius Marcellus (third time).
210 BC - The censors are L. Veturius Philo and P. Licinius Crassus Dives.
210 BC - (Second Punic War) Command in Spain given to P. Cornelius Scipio, later Africanus, a magistrate of ex-aedilican rank. He was the son of P. Cornelius Scipio, who was killed in 211 BC.
210 BC - (Second Punic War) The Romans recapture the city of Agrigentum, through the treachery of the Carthaginian auxiliaries stationed there.
210 BC - (Second Punic War) The Carthaginians capture the city of Capua.
209 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator (fifth time) and Q. Fulvius Flaccus (fourth time).
209 BC - The censors are M. Cornelius Cethegus and P. Sempronius Tuditanus.
209 BC - (Second Punic War) Recapture of Tarentum by the Romans under Cato Major.
209 BC - (Second Punic War) Capture of New Carthage by Scipio.
208 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Crispinus and M. Claudius Marcellus (fifth time).
208 BC - (Second Punic War) Death of the Roman commander M. Claudius Marcellus.
208 BC - (Second Punic War) Scipio defeats army of Hasdrubal Barca near the town of Baecula.
207 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Nero and M. Livius Salinator (second time).
207 BC - (Second Punic War) Battle of Metaurus River. Victory for the Romans, under Commanders G. Claudius Nero and M. Livius Salinator, over a relief force of Carthaginians commanded by Hasdrubal Barca, brother of Hannibal.
206 BC - The consuls are Q. Caecilius Metellus and L. Veturius Philo.
206 BC - (Second Punic War) Battle of Ilipa. 48,000 Romans and Spanish allies under P. Cornelius Scipio (later Africanus) defeated a Carthaginian force of 50,000. This ended the presence of Carthage in Spain.
206 BC - (Second Punic War) The majority of the Spanish peninsula is annexed into the empire, and many prosperous and large trading towns are captured, such as Gades, Carthago Nova and Narbo.
205 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus (first time) and P. Licinius Crassus.
205 BC - End of the First Macedonian War.
205 BC - After returning from his campaigns, Scipio is elected as consul and his command is prorogued. He is the first person to be elected consul after holding a mere ex - aedilican rank.
205 BC - The worship of the cult of Magna Mater is introduced to Rome from Phrygia.
204 BC - The consuls are M. Cornelius Cethegus and P. Sempronius Tuditanus.
204 BC - The censors are G. Claudius Nero and M. Livius Salinator.
204 BC - (Second Punic War) Scipio landed a force in Africa, near Utica, and found the Carthaginians ready for him, with their allies, the Numidians, under their king Syphax.
204 BC - (Second Punic War) A battle in the Bagradas valley, in an area known as the 'Great Plains'. In the battle, Scipio defeated the Carthaginian forces and so severely defeated the forces of the Carthaginian ally King Syphax of Numidia that Scipio was able to expel Syphax's forces from the capital of Cirta with a force of 3 cohorts (about 1650 men).
204 BC - Death of the Roman playwright Livius Andronicus, in Rome.
204 BC - The Roman playwright Plautus has his play Miles Gloriosus (The Glorious Soldier) performed in Rome.
204 BC - The playwright Ennius is brought to Rome.
204 BC - Introduction of the worship of the Phrygian goddess Kubaba Kybele to Rome.
204 BC - The Ludi Megalenses are inaugurated at Rome.
203 BC - The consuls are G. Servilius Geminus and Gn. Servilius Caepio.
203 BC - (Second Punic War) King Syphax of Numidia is defeated and captured in the battle of Cirta against Masinissa of Numidia and Laelius.
203 BC - Masinissa, a Numidian ally of the Romans during the Punic Wars, is made king of Greater and Lesser Numidia.
203 BC - Death of the Roman general Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator.
202 BC - The consuls are Ti Claudius Nero and M. Servilius Geminus.
202 BC - (Second Punic War) Battle of Zama. Forces of around 40,000 each side. Carthaginian leader = Hannibal, recalled from Italy. Roman leader P. Cornelius Scipio (later Africanus). The Romans used an envelopment tactic, Zama turned out like a Roman version of Cannae, with the Romans cutting the Carthaginians to pieces and forcing them to sue for peace.
202 BC - The Roman writer Fabius Pictor writes the first prose history of Rome in Greek. It is one of the few accounts to include information about the plebian successions.
201 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Lentulus and P. Aelius Paetus.
200 BC - The consuls are P. Sulpicius Galba (second time) and G. Aurelius Cotta.
200 BC - Destruction of Roman town of Placentia by mixture of Gallic tribes (Insubres, Cenomani and Boii)
200 BC - Start of the Second Macedonian War under Macedonian king Phillip V.
200 BC - (Second Macedonian War) The Romans storm, capture and sack the city of Acanthus.
200 BC - Death of the Roman poet Gn. Naevius, in the African city of Utica.
200 BC - Birth of the Greek historian Polybius, in Megalopolis, Arcadia, Greece.
199 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus and P. Villius Tappulus.
199 BC - The censors are P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus and P. Aelius Paetus.
198 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Flaminius and Sex. Aelius Paetus.
198 BC - (Second Macedonian War) The consul T. Quinctius Flamininus defeats the army of King Phillip in a battle near the Aous River.
197 BC - The consuls are G. Cornelius Cethegus and Q. Minucius Rufus.
197 BC - The coalition of the Gallic tribes who destroyed Placentia was defeated by two consular armies, one of them under command of M. Claudius Marcellus, son of the general Marcellus of the Punic Wars.
197 - 179 BC - The Spanish Wars.
197 BC - (Second Macedonian War) Battle of Cynoscephalae. 30,000 Roman troops fought against 25,000 Macedonian troops. The Romans under the command of T. Quinctius Flamininus won the battle. First fight between Roman legions and Macedonian phalanxes. Thus ended the Second Macedonian War.
197 BC - Number of praetors is raised to six, to cover the growing number of Roman provinces.
196 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Purpurio and M. Claudius Marcellus.
196 BC - The city of Smyrna appeals to Rome for help against the attacks of King Antiochus III.
195 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Flaccus and M. Porcius Cato the Censor.
195 BC - (Spanish Wars) The Spanish insurrections in the Roman province by the Turdetani with Celtiberian mercenaries are defeated by a consular army under one of the consuls M. Porcius Cato.
195 BC - The Romans become involved in a war with Nabis of Sparta.
195 BC - Birth of the Roman comic dramatist Terence, in Carthage, North Africa.
194 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus (second time) and Ti. Sempronius Longus.
194 BC - The censors are G. Cornelius Cethegus and S. Aelius Paetus Catus.
194 BC - (Spanish Wars) The Turdetani are finally defeated and reduced to submission by the praetor P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, but their Celtiberian allies carried on the war.
194 BC - Romans evacuate Greece and occupied parts of Macedonia.
194 BC - The foundation of Roman colonies at Puteoli and Tempsa.
193 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Merula and Q. Minucius Thermus.
192 BC - The consuls are L. Quinctius Flaminius and Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
192 BC - (Syrian Wars) The Romans pass a declaration of war against King Antiochus III.
191BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica and Man. Acilius Glabrio.
191 BC - Defeat of the Boii by P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, son of Gn. Scipio and cousin of Scipio Africanus. The Boii drifted into the Danube regions, where one of their settlements became Bohemia.
191 BC - (Syrian Wars) The Roman consul Man. Acilius Glabrio embarks for Greece upon hearing of the advent of an army under the Syrian ruler King Antiochus the Great. He marched unopposed into Thessaly. Deciding upon safety, the King brought his army in retreat to the pass at Thermopylae. Taking a chance, a small force was detached under the ex-consul M. Porcius Cato, and it copied the tactics of King Xerxes against the Spartan stand, circumvented the army. Antiochus managed to get out the battle and escape, but only at the cost of the total destruction of that army.
191 BC - (Syrian Wars) The fleet of King Antiochus is defeated by the Romans off the island of Corycus.
191 BC - Rome conquers and annexes what becomes known as the province of Cisalpine Gaul.
191 BC - Rome becomes involved in a war with the Aetolians.
190 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus and G. Laelius.
190 BC - (Syrian Wars) The fleet of King Antiochus is defeated in minor engagements at Side and Myonnesus.
190 BC - (Syrian Wars) An army under the command of King Antiochus III of Syria is defeated by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Eumenes II of Pergamum at Magnesia.
189 BC - The consuls are Gn. Manlius Vulso and M. Fulvius Nobilior.
189 BC - The censors are T. Quinctius Flaminius and M. Claudius Marcellus.
189 BC - (Syrian Wars) Defeat of the army of Antiochus the Great at the battle of Magnesia ad Sipylum by a Roman army under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus. This made Rome the dominant power in Asia Minor.
189 BC - The successor of L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, Gn. Manlius Vulso, began to campaign against the tribes of the eastern Gallic kingdom of Galatia, making victories which secured the coastline from their raids and created lasting benefits and prosperity on towns of the coasts.
189 BC - The Romans agree to peace with the Aetolians.
188 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Messalla and G. Livius Salinator.
188 BC - Second evacuation of Roman troops from Greece.
188 BC - Full citizen rights are conferred upon the regions of Arpinum and Formiae.
187 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus (first time) and G. Flaminius.
187 BC - Construction of the Via Aemilia Lepidi, which still exists today.
187 - 173 BC - The Ligurian Wars.
186 BC - The consuls are Sp. Postumius Albinus and Q. Marcius Phillipus.
186 BC - The Roman senate passes a decree, the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibs, which bans the Bacchic revelries.
186 BC - In an expedition against the Gallic Ligurians, the consul for the year Q. Marcius Phillipus, was killed along with his two legions in a pass named after him later on (Saltus Marcius).
185 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Pulcher M. Sempronius Tuditanus.
185 BC - (Spanish Wars) The Romans defeat and reconquer the Ebro valley, which was lost after the tribes of the valley rebelled.
185 BC - Birth of the Roman general Scipio Aemilianus, in Rome.
185 BC - Birth of the Roman playwright Terence.
184 BC - The consuls are P. Claudius Pulcher and L. Porcius Licinius.
184 BC - The censors are L. Valerius Flaccus and M. Porcius Cato.
184 BC - Death of the Roman comedy playwright Plautus.
184 BC - M. Porcius Cato the Elder is elected as censor, and is known afterwards as Cato the Censor.
184 BC - Construction of the first basilica, the Basilica Porcia in Rome. This is odd due to the fact a man who was famous for his dislike of the Greeks builds it in that Greek style.
184 BC - A Roman colony is established at Pisaurum in Umbria.
183 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Labeo and M. Claudius Marcellus.
183 BC - Death of the Roman general P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus, in Laternium, Campania.
183 BC - Death of the Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca, who poisons himself in order to avoid capture by the Romans.
182 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Paullus (first time) and Gn. Baebius Tamphilus.
181 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Cethegus and M. Baebius Tamphilus.
181 BC - L. Aemilius Paullus uses his army to force the tribe known as the Ingauni into submission to Rome.
181 BC - The Sardinians revolt after the Romans end the piracy of the Ligurians, but it is quickly put down by an expeditionary force sent to Sardinia. It is thought that they revolted because they were a part of the piracy.
181 BC - Founding of the city of Aquileia as a Latin colony.
180 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albinus and G. Calpurnius Piso.
180 BC - Birth of the Roman writer G. Lucillius, in the town of Suessa Aurunca, in Campania, Italy.
180 BC - The lex Villia annalis is passed by a tribune of the plebs L. Villius. It sets the ages at which a person may stand for magistracies in the senate and the amount of years between the holding of consecutive consulships (consulship 42, praetor 39, curule aedile 36, quaestor 25).
179 BC - The consuls are L. Manlius Acidinus and Q. Fulvius Flaccus.
179 BC - The censors are M. Aemilius Lepidus and M. Fulvius Nobilior.
179 BC - A new bridge into Rome is completed. It is the first stone bridge, and is called the pons Aemilius.
179 BC - A new basilica is built in Rome by L. Aemilius Lepidus to celebrate his consulship. It is called the Basilica Aemilia.
179 BC - Death of King Phillip V of Macedon.
178 BC - The consuls are A. Manlius Vulso and M. Junius Brutus.
178 BC - A military expedition by the Romans against the Istri occurs.
177 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Pulcher and Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (first time).
177 BC - The annexation of Istria into the empire is completed.
176 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Scipio Hispallus and Q. Petillius Spurius.
175 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus (second time) and P. Mucius Scaevola.
174 BC - The consuls are Sp. Postumius Albinus and Q. Mucius Scaevola.
174 BC - The censors are A. Postumius Albinus and Q. Fulvius Flaccus.
174 BC - The Circus Maximus in Rome is rebuilt after suffering major structural damage.
173 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Albinus and M. Popillius Laenas.
172 BC - The consuls are P. Aelius Ligus and G. Popillius Laenas (first time).
171 BC - The consuls are G. Cassius Longinus and P. Licinius Crassus.
171 BC - Start of the Third Macedonian War.
171 BC - (Third Macedonian War) In cavalry action, King Perseus of Macedon entered into Thessaly and defeated an army under the consul P. Licinius Crassus.
170 BC - The consuls are A. Atilius Serranus and A. Hostilius Mancinus.
170 BC - Birth of the playwright Accius, in the town of Pisaurum, Umbria.
169 BC - The consuls are Gn. Servilius Caepio and Q. Marcius Phillipus.
169 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Pulcher and Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.
169 BC - (Third Macedonian War) A Roman consul, Q. Marcius Phillipus, made a long march across the shoulder of Mt. Olympus, and upon his mere appearance on Macedonian territory, King Perseus abandoned his entire frontier line.
169 BC - Death of the writer Quintus Ennius, who died of gout shortly after having finished his tragedy, Thyestes. He was 70 years old.
169 BC - The lex Voconia de milierum hereditatibus is passed. This law restricts the rights of women to inherit from wills.
168 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Paullus (second time) and G. Licinius Crassus.
168 BC - (Third Macedonian War) Battle of Pynda. A force of Romans under L. Aemilius Paullus, defeated a force of 20,000 men in phalanx formation. Perseus, King of Macedonia, was captured during the battle.
168 BC - Capture of the Illyrian chieftain Genthius, who had aided Perseus during the Third Macedonian War.
168 BC - The island of Delos is declared a free port.
168 BC - Polybius is brought to Rome as a hostage from Megalopolis in Greece, and is made a guest of Scipio Aemilianus.
167 BC - The consuls are Q. Aelius Paetus and M. Junius Pennus.
167 BC - Taxation of Roman citizens is abolished. Taxation now falls only upon allies, Italians and Latins.
166 BC - The consuls are G. Sulpicius Galba and M. Claudius Marcellus (first time).
166 - 159 BC - The production of Terence's comedies occurs in Rome.
166 BC - Death of King Perseus of Macedon, who (according to rumor) was executed by the Romans by being forced to go for a year without sleep.
165 BC - The consuls are T. Manlius Torquatus and Gn. Octavius.
165 BC - The independent Greek island state of Rhodes is granted a decree which entitles them to Friend and Ally of the Roman People status.
164 BC - The consuls are A. Manlius Torquatus and Q. Cassius Longinus.
164 BC - The consuls are L. Aemilius Paullus and Q. Marcius Philippus.
163 BC - The consuls are Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (second time) and M. Juventius Thalna.
163 BC - Birth of the tribune of the plebs and demagogue Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.
162 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum (first time) and G. Marcius Figulus (first time).
161 BC - The consuls are M. Valerius Messalla and G. Fannius Strabo.
160 BC - The consuls are M. Cornelius Cethegus and L. Anicius Gallus.
160? BC - Birth of Gaius Sempronius Gracchus to Cornelia (later known as Mother of the Gracchi).
160 BC - Birth of Jugurtha, later the King of Numidia.
159 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Dolabella and M. Furius Nobilior.
159 BC - The censors are P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum and M. Popillius Laenas.
159 BC - Death of the Roman comic dramatist Terence, who either died of illness in Greece or drowned in a shipwreck on his way back to Rome from Greece.
159 BC - The first Roman amphitheater is built in Rome by the Pontifex Maximus G. Scribonius Curio.
158 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus and G. Popilius Laenas (second time).
157 BC - The consuls are Sex. Julius Caesar and L. Aurelius Cotta.
157 BC - The Roman general, statesman and sextuple consul, Gaius Marius, is born in the town of Arpinum.
156 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus and G. Marcius Figulus (second time).
155 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum (second time) and M. Claudius Marcellus (second time).
155 BC - A Roman force clears the coast and slightly inland of Dalmatia, making it into a new province.
154 BC - The consuls are L. Postumius Albinus and Q. Opimius.
154 BC - The censors are M. Valerius Messalla and G. Cassius Longinus.
154 - 133 BC - The Second Spanish Wars.
154 BC - (Second Spanish War) The Turdetani and Celtiberians rebel again and attack the Roman garrisons stationed in the Spanish provinces.
154 BC - (Second Spanish War) The Celtiberian raiders mount an invasion of the province of Further Spain.
154 BC - The King of Cyrene, Ptolemy VII Euergetes Physcon, made his will, in which he promised that upon his death his kingdom would be bequeathed upon Rome.
154 BC - The Romans defeat the Oxybian Ligures in a pitched battle.
154 BC - The road, the via Cassia, is built.
153 BC - The consuls are T. Annius Luscus and Q. Fulvius Nobilior.
152 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Flaccus and M. Claudius Marcellus (third time).
151 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albinus and L. Licinius Lucullus.
151 BC - (Second Spanish War) The Roman general Scipio Aemilianus defeats a Spanish chieftain who had challenged him to single combat.
151 BC - (Second Spanish War) The Spanish tribe known as the Lusitanians defeat an army under the praetor Ser. Sulpicius Galba in Further Spain.
151 BC - (Second Spanish War) The Roman general L. Licinius Lucullus attacks and captures the town of Cauca, of the tribe known as the Vaccaei. After the town surrenders, he indiscriminately massacred some of the townsfolk.
151 BC - Carthage declares war on King Masinissa of Numidia.
150 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Flaminius and M. Acilius Balbus.
150 BC - (Second Spanish War) L. Licinius Lucullus went to the aid of Ser. Sulpicius Galba, and inflicted such a defeat on the Lusitanians that they were forced to surrender and accept any terms set by the Romans.
150 BC - Fourth Macedonian War. Started under an adventurer who claimed to be a son of King Perseus, called Andriscus.
149 BC - The consuls are Man. Manlius and L. Marcius Censorinus.
149 BC - King Prusias of Bithynia is deposed from his throne by King Attalus II of Pergamum. The son of Prusias is put on the throne to become the first King Nicomedes. This is the last royal dynasty to rule over Bithynia.
149 - 147/46 BC - The Third Punic War. The end of the war came with the destruction of Carthage, which, thanks to the lobbying of M. Porcius Cato, was destroyed and its site was sown with salt.
149 BC - The work by the Roman writer, philosopher and statesman Cato the Censor, the Origines is published. It is a history of Rome up until that point in time.
149 BC - A lex Calpurnia is passed, which establishes a permanent de repetundis.
148 BC - The consuls are Sp. Postumius Albinus Magnus and L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.
148 BC - End of Fourth Macedonian War, which ended with the defeat of Andriscus by Q. Caecilius Metellus (later Macedonicus) and subsequently executed in Thrace.
147 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus (first time) and G. Livius Drusus.
147 BC - The censors are L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus and L. Marcius Censorinus.
147 BC - Seeing the futility of their efforts to keep peace and stability in Macedonia, it is annexed into the empire as a province.
146 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Lentulus and L. Mummius Achaicus.
146 BC - The Romans defeat Carthage, capture the city, raze it to the ground and sow salt into the ground to make sure no-one ever lives there again.
146 BC - (Second Spanish War) The tribe of the Lusitanians gain an able leader named Viriathus, who organizes constant successful guerrilla raids and ambushes on Roman forces.
146 BC - Achaean War under L. Mummius, which is very brief with one battle near Corinth. In anger at their participation in the battle, Mummius ordered the city of Corinth to be razed to the ground.
146 BC - The Achaean League is destroyed and its members dissolved.
146 BC - The newly acquired region of Greece is constituted into the new Roman province of Achaea.
146 BC - Africa becomes a province of the Roman Empire.
146 BC - The senate publishes a set of regulations known as the leges provinciae, which were basically constitutions and laws for each province.
146 BC - The first Roman temple to be built from marble, the temple of Jupiter Strator, is dedicated by Q. Metellus (unknown, but probably Metellus Macedonicus).
145 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus and L. Hostilius Mancinus.
144 BC - The consuls are Ser. Sulpicius Galba and L. Aurelius Cotta.
144 BC - The aqueduct Aqua Marcia is built.
143 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Pulcher and Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus.
143 BC - (Second Spanish War) The successes of the Lusitanians under Viriathus encourages the Celtiberians, who revolt against the Romans.
143 - 142 BC - (Second Spanish War) The consul Q. Caecilius Metellus led a massive campaign in which the Celtiberians were defeated a succession of times and driven from the field in the Nearer Spain province.
142 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus and L. Caecilius Metellus Calvus.
142 BC - The censors are P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus and L. Mummius Achaicus.
141 BC - The consuls are Gn. Servilius Caepio and Q. Pompeius.
141 BC - (Second Spanish War) The Lusitanian/Celtiberian rebels under Viriathus forced the consul Q. Fabius Maximus Servillianus into a hopeless position, in which he is forced to sign a treaty.
140 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Caepio and G. Laelius Sapiens.
140 BC - (Second Spanish War) The replacement in Spain for Fabius, Q. Servilius Caepio, broke the treaty with the Lusitanians. Caepio was defeated, but went further in the depth of his treachery, and paid the agents of Viriathus to murder their chief. Without a leader, the Lusitanians submitted to Rome.
140 BC - The tragic playwright, L. Accius, has his first play, Atreus, performed in Rome.
140 BC - The philosophy, Stoicism, is introduced to Rome.
140 BC - Birth of the Armenian king Tigranes the Great.
139 BC - The consuls are Gn. Calpurnius Piso and M. Popillius Laenas.
139 BC - (Second Spanish War) The land of Lusitania is annexed into the Roman Spanish province.
138 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio and D. Junius Brutus Callicus.
138 BC - Birth of the Roman general and dictator L. Cornelius Sulla in Rome.
137 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina and G. Hostilius Mancinus.
137 BC - (Second Spanish War) The replacement for Servilius Caepio in Spain, D. Junius Brutus, raided further into enemy territory, sacking small villages and hamlets as he went.
136 BC - The consuls are L. Furius Philus and Sex. Atilius Serranus.
136 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Pulcher and Quintus Fulvius Nobilior.
135 BC - The consuls are Q. Calpurnius Piso and Ser. Fulvius Flaccus.
135? BC - Birth of the tribune of the plebs L. Appuleius Saturninus, somewhere in Picenum.
135? BC - Birth of the historian Posidonius of Rhodes.
134 BC - The consuls are G. Fulvius Flaccus and P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus (second time).
134 BC - (Second Spanish War) P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, the famed destroyer of Carthage, gathers together a force of Romans and client kingdom troops amounting to 60,000, and uses them to blockade the stronghold of Numantia by surrounding the city with seven camps and a line of fortifications between the camps. This is known as circumvallation, and Caesar uses it later in the siege of Alesia.
133 BC - The consuls are L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi and P. Mucius Scaevola.
133 BC - Slave revolts in Sicily.
133 BC - King Attalus of Pergamum bequeaths his kingdom to Rome in a will upon his death. The Romans ignore this bequest until it claimed by a pretender named Aristonicus.
133 BC - (Second Spanish War) The stronghold of Numantia capitulates due to hunger. They were treated badly by their conqueror, P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, who completely destroyed the city in the fashion of Carthage and sold the entire population into slavery. This event marks the end of the Spanish Wars, and though there were minor rebellions, the peninsula stayed relatively peaceful until the start of the Sertorian Wars.
133 BC - After opposing the legislation of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus, a fellow tribune named Octavius was voted out of office by Gracchus. This was a precedent in Roman history, as Gracchus was the first tribune to do this.
133 BC - Death of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus after the passing of his land bills. The consular P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, who was an ardent opponent of Gracchus's legislation and methods, clubbed him to death.
132 BC - The consuls are P. Popillius Laenas and Publius Rupilius.
132 BC - The first servile war breaks out in Sicily.
131 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Flaccus and P. Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus.
131 BC - The censors are Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus and Q. Pompeius.
131 BC - A new set of laws, passed by the tribune G. Papirius Carbo, the leges tabellariae, enacted secret balloting in Rome for the first time.
130 BC - The consuls are G. Sempronius Tuditanus and Man. Aquillius.
130 BC - The Roman general M. Perperna defeats the army of Aristonicus, who was trying to secure the Pergamene throne by force of arms.
129 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Lentulus and M. Perperna.
129 BC - Annexation of the Roman Asia Province.
129 BC - The province of Illyria is annexed into the Empire.
129 BC - Death of the Roman general Scipio Aemilianus, who died in unknown circumstances in Rome. He is said to have been poisoned due to his opposition to Ti. Gracchus. It is unknown who did it if it was poison, but even Gracchus's sister Sempronia and his mother Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, were accused.
128 BC - The consuls are T. Annius Rufus and Gn. Octavius.
128 BC - The Roman governor Man. Aquillius sells the territory of Phrygia to King Mithridates V of Pontus and takes the money for himself.
127 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Cinna and L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla.
126 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus and L. Aurelius Orestes.
125 BC - The consuls are M. Fulvius Flaccus and M. Plautius Hypsaeus.
125 BC - The censors are Gn. Servilius Caepio and L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla.
125 BC - The Latin Rights colony of Fregellae revolts, and is brutally repressed. The Romans sack the town, and its population is partly massacred and the rest is sold into slavery.
125 BC - The northwest border of the Empire is established by the Romans in Cisalpine Gaul.
125 BC - M. Fulvius Flaccus, an adherent of the ideals of G. Sempronius Gracchus, proposes a bill to enfranchise the Latin citizens of Italy.
124 BC - The consuls are G. Cassius Longinus and G. Sextius Calvinus.
124 BC - The tribes of the Allobroges and Arverni are attacked by the Romans, beginning a war not ended until the arrival of Q. Fabius Maximus (later nicknamed Allobrogicus) and Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
124 BC - Birth of the future tribune M. Livius Drusus.
124 BC - Birth of the future tribune P. Sulpicius Rufus.
123 BC - The consuls are T. Quinctius Flaminius and Q. Caecilius Metellus Balaericus.
123-2 BC - Tribunate of Gaius Gracchus, in which the Senatus consultum ultimum de res publica defendenda is passed (otherwise known as the Senatus Consultum Ultimum, was the ultimate decree, used only in times of crisis).
123 BC - The Romans, under Q. Caecilius Metellus, subjugate the Balearic Isles into the Empire. Metellus is given the nickname Balericus.
123 BC - Birth of the Roman rebel General Q. Sertorius, in the town of Nersia, Sabini.
123 BC - The tribune of the plebs G. Sempronius Gracchus passes a bill which makes the senate separate from the Ordo Equester, or the knights.
122 BC - The consuls are Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and G. Fannius.
122/21 BC - The Gallic tribe of the Arverni are subjugated by the Roman general Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
122 BC - After passing a law in the plebeian assembly, G. Gracchus eliminates most unemployment by engaging the unemployed in building roads.
122 BC - A new city, Colonia Junonia, is ordered to be built on the site of old Carthage. It only lasts 30 years.
122 BC - For the first time, the juries of the courts are taken off of senators and given to the knights of the ordo Equester.
121 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus and L. Opimius.
121 BC - Death of Gaius Gracchus, who was murdered in the grove of Furrina, near Rome by a mob lead by the consul L. Opimius.
121 BC - Annexation of southern Gaul, known as the province of Gallia Narbonesis.
121 BC - A road, the via Domitia, is built after the conquests of Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, and it runs along the coastline of Italy and southern Gaul.
120 BC - The consuls are G. Papirius Carbo and P. Manilius.
120 BC - The censors are Q. Caecilius Metellus Baliarus and L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi.
119 BC - The consuls are L. Aurelius Cotta and L. Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus.
119 BC - Tribunate of G. Marius under the patronage of the Caecilii Metellii clan.
118 BC - The consuls are Q. Marcius Rex and M. Porcius Cato.
118 BC - Death of the Greek historian Polybius.
118 - 117 BC - Roman armies are engaged in active campaigns in the lands known as Dalmatia.
118 BC - A colony is established at the top of Spain to become the future important trading town of Narbo.
117 BC - The consuls are L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematus and Q. Mucius Scaevola.
116 BC - The consuls are Q. Fabius Maximus Eburnus and G. Licinius Geta.
116 BC - Birth of the Roman satirist and scholar Marcus Terentius Varro, in the city of Reate, Italy.
115 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Scaurus and M. Caecilius Metellus.
115 BC - The censors are L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematus and Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
115 BC - Mithridates of Pontus is crowned as king of Pontus.
115 BC - M. Aemilius Scaurus (later Princeps Senatus) is elected as consul.
114 BC - The consuls are Man. Acilius Balbus and G. Porcius Cato.
114 BC - The Thracian tribe known as the Scordisci defeat an army under the consul G. Porcius Cato, and extend their raids as far as Delphi in Greece.
114 BC - A bad omen is encountered in the death of a Vestal Virgin, after she is struck by lightning.
113 BC - The consuls are Gn. Papirius Carbo and G. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius.
113 BC - The Land Commission of Gaius Gracchus is dissolved.
113 BC - The migration of the Germans begins. The Germans defeat a Roman army under the general Gn. Papirius Carbo at the battle of Noreia.
113 & 112 BC - The consuls of the two years, Q. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius and M. Livius Drusus, both campaign against the Scordisci, eventually pushing them back beyond the Danube River.
112 BC - The consuls are L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus and M. Livius Drusus.
112 BC - Start of the Jugurthine War when King Jugurtha of Numidia sacks the capital Cirta, killing all Roman and Italian citizens living there.
111 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio and L. Calpurnius Bestia.
110 BC - The consuls are Sp. Postumius Albinus and M. Minucius Rufus.
110 BC - (Jugurthine War) The brother of the general Sp. Postumius Albinus, A. Postumius Albinus, uses his brother's army to attack the treasure-filled stronghold of Suthul, in which his constant futile attempts gained no advantage.
110 BC - (Jugurthine War) Brother of the general Sp. Postumius Albinus, A. Postumius Albinus, is forced to surrender after being defeated by Jugurtha in a pitched battle. The survivors are allowed to return to Rome after being made to 'pass beneath the yoke'.
110 BC - (Jugurthine War) There is a special court set up under the tribune G. Mamilius called the 'Mamilian Commission'. It is set up to try those commanders accused of incompetence in the war or with being bought by Jugurtha. The first general of the war L. Calpurnius Bestia, the leader of the initial peace delegation L. Opimius and the current general Sp. Postumius Albinus were all convicted and sent into exile with a large portion of their fortunes confiscated.
110 BC - Birth of the Roman statesman and triumvir M. Licinius Crassus.
109 BC - The consuls are Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus and M. Junius Silanus.
109 BC - The censors are M. Aemilius Scaurus and M. Livius Drusus.
109 BC - (Jugurthine War) The consul Q. Caecilius Metellus is appointed as the new commander in the Jugurthine War.
109 BC - (Jugurthine War) The consul Q. Caecilius Metellus captures the capital city, Cirta, in lesser Africa.
109 BC - After continuously being denied the right to leave to contest the consular elections by Metellus, he is finally let go 12 days before the election. Metellus did this to prevent Marius from becoming consul, as he did not think Marius could make it from Africa to Rome in time to contest the election. Not only did Marius make it, but he was elected as junior consul for that year. He is the first of his gens to become consul.
109 BC - Sent to face the Germanic invaders, the consul D. Junius Silanus marches with an army. After diplomatic talks, the Germans made requests for land and pay in order that they be enlisted as mercenaries to fight for Rome. They were refused, and the Germans felt this was an insult, and attacked and smashed through his army, killing almost all of his army, estimated at about eight legions.
109 BC - Birth of the knight T. Pomponius Atticus in Rome.
108 BC - The consuls are Ser. Sulpicius Galba and L. Hortensius.
108 BC - The censors are Q. Fabius Maximus Eburnus and G. Licinius Getha.
108 BC - (Jugurthine War) First consulship of Gaius Marius, who is given command in war against Jugurtha. So devoid of troops is Italy, that Marius ignores tradition and enlists the Head Count of Rome. This is the first time non-propertied men have been given the chance to serve in the legions.
108 - 101? - G. Marius makes reforms in the army. He abolishes the old ranks of hastati, principes, triarii, replacing them with the ordinary legionary. He also replaced the old hasta style long throwing spear in favor of the new pilum. The cohort replaced the old tactical unit of the maniple, and the old vexillium, or flag/banner, was replaced by the famous standard of the legions, the silver eagle. This was for those in the legions that were illiterate. He also renovated the pila spears, using a wedge system so that the spear shaft would break after being thrown to prevent them from being thrown back at the Romans.
108 BC - (Jugurthine War) Angered at the lack of recruits, G. Marius drafts his new army from the proletarii, or poor citizens, of Rome.
108 BC - Birth of the Roman conspirator L. Sergius Catalina.
107 BC - The consuls are L. Cassius Longinus and G. Marius (first time).
107 BC - The consul L. Cassius Longus is defeated by the Tigurini near Tolosa.
107 BC - The battle of Burdigala against the German hordes occurs under the general L. Cassius Longinus. It is a rout, and almost the entire army is annihilated.
107 BC - (Jugurthine War) G. Marius campaigns in Africa, and after small skirmishes he captured Jugurtha's southernmost stronghold Capsa, after which he leveled the city to the ground.
107 BC - (Jugurthine War) In command of his full army, G. Marius reduces other Numidian fortresses, including the fortress at Muluccha, which was the chief treasure-house of Jugurtha.
106 BC - The consuls are Q. Servilius Caepio and G. Atilius Serranus.
106 BC - (Jugurthine War) King Jugurtha is betrayed by his brother-in-law King Bocchus of Mauretania. He is captured by the quaestor of Marius, L. Cornelius Sulla.
106 BC - Birth of Pompey the Great, in Picenum.
106 BC - Birth of M. Tullius Cicero, in the town of Arpinum, Latium.
106 BC - After camping in the city of Tolosa, the general Q. Servilius Caepio and his army discover an enormous haul of gold, put there by the Gauls after they sacked the temples of Greece under King Brennus. It comes to be known as the Gold of Tolosa. It is sent to Rome by wagon-train, but it is ambushed and the gold is stolen. It is believed that Caepio organized the ambush in order to keep the gold for himself.
105 BC - The consuls are Gn. Mallius Maximus and P. Rutilius Rufus.
105 BC - The armies of Q. Servilius Caepio and Gn. Mallius Maximus were annihilated by the Germanic hordes moving towards Italy.
104 BC - The consuls are G. Flavius Fimbria and G. Marius (second time).
104 BC - (Jugurthine War) Death of King Jugurtha of Numidia, who was executed after walking in Marius's triumphal parade.
104 BC - A new revolt breaks out in Sicily.
104 BC - The Roman tragic playwright L. Accius has his play, Tereus, performed in Rome.
104 BC - G. Marius is elected as consul for the second time.
104 BC - The lex Domitia de sacerdotiis is passed, removing the co-opting of new pontifexes and augurs from the members and putting up the positions for election for the first time in Roman history.
103 BC - The consuls are L. Aurelius Orestes and G. Marius (third term).
103 BC - Death of the Roman writer G. Lucillius, in the city of Neapolis, Italy.
103 BC - The tribune of the plebs L. Appuleius Saturninus passes the lex Appuleia de maiestate, which is meant to be 'minor treason', and is used to secure convictions of incompetent generals.
103 BC - The patrician consular Q. Servilius Caepio is convicted of stealing the Gold of Tolosa by a special court set up by a tribune named Gn. Servilius Glaucia (no relation to Caepio). There are stories of a testimony from a witness, King Copilius, who supposedly witnessed the theft.
102 BC - The consuls are Q. Lutatius Catulus and G. Marius (fourth time).
102 BC - The censors G. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius and Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus.
102 - 101 BC - Marius proceeds to defeat the German Cimbri and Teutones with Q. Lutatius Catulus Caesar, at the battles of Aquae Sextiae and Vercellae.
102 BC - The second servile war breaks out in Sicily.
101 BC - The consuls are Man. Aquilius and G. Marius (fifth time).
101 BC - The governor of Macedonia, T. Didius, gained victories over the Scordisci and ensured a fairly durable peace.
101 BC - The proconsul Man. Aquillius is sent to deal with the slave war in Sicily.
101 BC - The senate issues a decree that all free states are to help in the eradication of piracy.
101 BC - The fifth consulship of G. Marius.
101 - 99 BC - The tribunate of L. Appuleius Saturninus.
101 BC - Cilicia is annexed as a province of Rome.
100 BC - The consuls are L. Valerius Flaccus and G. Marius (sixth time).
100 BC - The riots of Saturninus.
100 BC - The sixth consulship of G. Marius.
100 BC - After the riots of Saturninus, he and his confederate G. Servilius Glaucia and others are imprisoned in the senate house. During the night, a group of young senators climb the roof and pelt the prisoners with tiles from the roof, killing them all.
100 BC - Birth of the Roman general, dictator and statesman Julius Caesar in Rome. His parents are Aurelia Cotta and G. Julius Caesar.
100 BC - The Sicilian slave war is ended and the commander, Man. Aquillius, is given an ovation for his victory.
99 BC - The consuls are A. Postumius Albinus and M. Antonius.
99 BC - Birth of Roman poet Lucretius.
98 BC - The consuls are Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos and T. Didius.
98 BC - A revolt in Lusitania occurs.
97 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Lentulus and P. Licinius Crassus.
97 BC - The censors are L. Valerius Flaccus and M. Antonius.
97 BC - The proconsul, Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos, conquers the island of Crete.
97 BC - L. Cornelius Sulla is elected as a praetor.
96 BC - The consuls are G. Cassius Longinus and Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
96 BC - The last Ptolemy ruler of Cyrenacia dies, and it is made over to Rome as in the previous will of Ptolemy VII Euergetes Physcon (his last name, Physcon, roughly means "Gross Belly").
96 BC - Sulla is sent to Cappadocia to place King Ariobarzanes on the throne after he was deposed by King Mithridates of Pontus.
95 BC - The consuls are L. Licinius Crassus and Q. Mucius Scaevola.
95 BC - Tigranes becomes the king of Armenia after spending his youth as a hostage of King Mithridates II of the Parthians.
95 BC - Birth of Cato the Younger in Rome.
94 BC - The consuls are G. Coelius Caldus and L. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
93 BC - The consuls are G. Valerius Flaccus and M. Herennius.
93 BC - Birth of Publius Clodius Pulcher, in Rome.
93 BC - T. Didius, victor over the Scordisci, completes a victory over the Celtiberians in Spain.
92 BC - The consuls are G. Claudius Pulcher and M. Perperna.
92 BC - The censors are Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and L. Licinius Crassus.
92 BC - The censors are Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus and L. Licinius Crassus.
92 BC - The censor L. Licinius Crassus begins to farm fish on his estates and grows fond of one of them. When this fish died, he donned the toga pulla (mourning toga) for a whole month.
91 BC - The consuls are Sex. Julius Caesar and L. Marcius Phillipus.
91 BC - Second Sicilian Slave war ended by Roman general Manius Aquillius.
91 BC - The tribunate of the reformer M. Livius Drusus, who is the son of the man who opposed the Gracchi.
91 BC - The tribune of the plebs M. Livius Drusus tries to legislate for total Italian franchise. He is brutally murdered, thus starting the Social War.
91 BC - The Italian city of Asculum massacres its Roman citizens and prepares for Roman reprisals.
91 - 83 BC - The Italian/Social War.
90 BC - The consuls are L. Julius Caesar and P. Rutilius Lupus.
90 BC - (Italian War) The legate Gn. Pompeius Strabo creates a blockade around the city of Asculum.
90 BC - (Italian War) The consul L. Julius Caesar passes a law, the lex Julia de civitate Latinus et sociis danda, which gives the citizenship to those Italians who had not taken up arms against Rome. This is to consolidate the loyalty of those Italian states that remain loyal.
89 BC - The consuls are Gn. Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Porcius Cato Licinianus.
89 BC - The censors are L. Julius Caesar and P. Licinius Crassus.
89 BC - (Italian War) The Roman commander defeats an Italian army outside the city of Nola. He fights in the front lines, and he is able to save his army. The soldiers of his army then award him the corona murialis (grass crown).
89 BC - (Italian War) The Roman general Gn. Pompeius Strabo captures the city of Corfinium (renamed Italica), the capital of what was to become known as a new state of Italia.
89 BC - (Italian War) The Roman commander L. Cornelius Sulla captures the rebel Italian city of Bovianum Vetus, the old capital of Samnium, which was the new parliamentary center after the fall of Corfinium.
89 BC - (Italian War) After a group of feints with a Roman army of 75,000 and an Italian army of 60,000, the consul Gn. Pompeius Strabo lays siege to Asculum and by the end of the year captures it.
88 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Sulla (first time) and Q. Pompeius Rufus.
88 BC - (Italian War) The Roman general Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius met and defeated the army of the Italian Q. Pompaedius Silo, who was killed after the battle.
88 BC - The proconsul Man. Aquillius invades the Pontic territories with the militia of Asia Province and the army of King Nicomedes of Bithynia. This invasion is only started to enrich Aquillius. The army is quickly defeated and Aquillius is captured. To cure his greed, King Mithridates executed him by pouring molten gold down his throat.
88 BC - King Mithridates of Pontus invades Greece and issues an edict that all Romans and Italians are to be killed. The number of dead reaches about 110,000 people.
88 BC - L. Cornelius Sulla marches upon Rome, the first in history to do so.
88 BC - Tribunate of P. Sulpicius Rufus, who proposes the command of the Mithridatic War be given to Marius and tries to pass a law for cancellation of debt.
88 BC - Death of the tribune P. Sulpicius Rufus, in the city of Lavinium, in Latium, after he was made a public enemy, apprehended and executed. His head was placed upon a spear and placed in the Forum Romanum.
87 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Cinna (first time) and Gn. Octavius Ruso.
87 - 86 BC - Marius marches on Rome with L. Cornelius Cinna, and after a short battle, he occupied Rome. Marius and Cinna are made joint consuls. Then he and Cinna embark on a series of proscriptions and institute a Terror on the city of Rome, although Marius is the main perpetrator. This ceased when Marius died of a third and fatal stroke in 86, during his seventh consulship. The senate, in the person of the remaining consul Gn. Octavius Ruso, surrendered to Marius and Cinna. Octavius was later executed in the bloodbath, one of the first to do so.
87 BC - (First Mithridatic War) Start of the First Mithridatic War, under the command of L. Cornelius Sulla.
86 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Cinna (second time) and G. Marius (seventh time).
86 BC - The censors are L. Marcius Philippus and M. Perperna.
86 BC - (First Mithridatic War) The city of Athens is captured by L. Cornelius Sulla and his army, and is subsequently sacked.
86 BC - (First Mithridatic War) The battle of Lake Orchomenos, in which L. Cornelius Sulla defeats a larger army of Mithridates under the general Archelaus. This is a turning point in the war for Mithridates, who reels from the Roman attacks.
86 BC - (First Mithridatic War) L. Cornelius Sulla defeats the armies of King Mithridates of Pontus (being commanded by one of his generals, Archelaus) at the battle of Chaeroneia.
86 BC - Death of the playwright Accius.
86? BC - Birth of the Roman historian G. Sallustius Crispus, in the town of Amiternum, Samnium, in Italy.
86 BC - The orator M. Tullius Cicero completes his first work on rhetoric, De Inventione Rhetorica.
85 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Cinna (third time) and Gn. Papirius Carbo (first time).
85 BC - (First Mithridatic War) The consul appointed to fight against Mithridates, L. Valerius Flaccus, is murdered by his legatus G. Flavius Fimbria. He then went on to attack the Greek cities of Asia who had supported Mithridates.
85 BC - (First Mithridatic War) The mutineer G. Flavius Fimbria attacks a reserve army of Mithridates and defeats them, and then appeals to the legatus of Sulla, L. Licinius Lucullus, for aid in capturing the king, but he is refused. If Lucullus had agreed, the king would have been captured, the war would have been over and there would have been no further wars with Pontus.
85 BC - (First Mithridatic War) The now defeated King Mithridates meets with Sulla and signs the treaty of Dardanus. Once this is signed, Sulla caught up with the army of Fimbria. They deserted to Sulla en masse, and Fimbria took his own life.
84 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Cinna (fourth time) and Gn. Papirius Carbo (second time).
84 BC - L. Cornelius Cinna is murdered.
84 BC - The new citizens enfranchised by the lex Julia, lex Pompeia and lex Papiria are redistributed throughout all thirty-five tribes of Rome.
84 BC - Birth of the Roman poet G. Valerius Catallus, in the town of Verona in Cisalpine Gaul.
84 BC - Julius Caesar is married to the daughter of L. Cornelius Cinna, Cornelia. He is 16 years old, while she is 8 years old.
83 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus and G. Norbanus.
83 BC - The Roman governor of Spain and future triumvir M. Licinius Crassus Dives joins forces with Sulla.
83-82 BC - (Civil War) L. Cornelius Sulla lands in Italy at the port city of Brundisium, and wages a civil war against the remaining Marian forces.
83 BC - (Civil War) Many of those who are opposed to the Marians or are by friendship for Sulla flock to join him. These include Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius, M. Licinius Crassus and his most valuable recruit the son of the consul Gn. Pompeius Strabo, Gn. Pompeius (later Magnus), who brings his an army of his father's clients for the use of Sulla.
83 BC - While Sulla is involved in Italy, a general named L. Licinius Murena, starts up a war against Mithridates.
83 BC - (Second Mithridatic War)
82 BC - The consuls are Gn. Papirius Carob (third time) and G. Marius Junior.
82 BC - (Civil War) The battle of Clusium, which is indecisive occurs under the Marian general Gn. Papirius Carbo against L. Cornelius Sulla.
82 BC - (Civil War) Battle of Faventia, in which the Sullan general Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius defeated the army of Gn. Papirius Carbo.
82 BC - (Second Mithridatic War) After suffering defeats by Mithridates, Murena is recalled to Rome on the pretext of celebrating a triumph. L. Cornelius Sulla and Mithridates agree a new peace treaty. 
82 BC - (Civil War) Gn. Papirius Carbo flees to Sicily, where he is captured by the Sullan general Gn. Pompeius Magnus and executed in the town of Lilybaeum.
82 BC - Birth of the triumvir M. Antonius.
82 BC - (Civil War) L. Cornelius Sulla is victorious at the battle of the Coline Gate at Rome, defeating the Marian forces as well as contingent of Samnites who had joined the Marians to march on Rome.
82 BC - (Civil War) The town of Praeneste, garrisoned by the army of G. Marius the younger, surrenders. Marius the younger is later found dead in the sewers after trying to escape through them. He committed suicide.
81 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Dolabella and M. Tullius Decula.
81 BC - L. Cornelius Sulla assumes the position of dictator. He makes changes to the constitution, including the removal of the tribunician veto. He also adopts the title of Felix (the lucky).
81 BC - (Civil War) The Sullan general Gn. Pompeius Magnus captures Africa province, which is still under Marian control at this point under general Gn. Domitius Ahenobarbus. This is an important victory, as it ensures the food supply to the empire.
81 BC - Julius Caesar is forced to divorce his wife by Sulla, but he refuses and flees to Asia and joins in the campaign against Mithridates.
81 - 79 BC - Sulla make amendments to the constitution. He creates the following standing courts: de repetundis (extortion), de maiestate (treason), de ambitu (electoral bribery), de sicariis et veneficiis (murder and poisoning), de peculatu (peculation), de iniuria (assault) and de falsis (fraud). A later amendment in 78 BC in a lex Plautia established a de vi (violence) court. He set the number of provinces, as well as which provinces should be assigned to consulars and which to praetors. He also set up proscriptions on his enemies and rich knights, as he was known to have a vendetta against the Ordo Equester.
81 BC - As dictator, L. Cornelius Sulla appoints Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius as Pontifex Maximus. It is thought that this was a cruel joke by Sulla, as Metellus Pius is said to have suffered from a bad stammer.
81 BC - (Second Mithridatic War) The second Mithridatic war comes to an end. King Mithridates is successful.
80 BC - The consuls are L. Cornelius Sulla (second time) and Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius.
80 BC - The start of the Sertorian War under Q. Sertorius, one of the remaining Marian generals.
80 BC - G. Julius Caesar goes with an army under L. Licinius Lucullus to suppress a revolt at the city of Mitylene on the island of Lesbos. He is awarded the corona civica (oak crown) for saving a cohort from destruction.
80 BC - M. Tullius Cicero has his first major case defending Sex. Roscius against the proscriptions of Sulla. He wins, and publishes the trial as Pro Sextius Roscius Amerino.
79 BC - The consuls are Ap. Claudius Pulcher and P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus.
79 BC - (Italian War) The city of Nola finally surrenders and the city is razed to the ground.
79 BC - The ex-consul P. Servilius Vatia is given the governorship of Cilicia and given as long as is necessary to defeat the pirate menace.
79 BC - L. Cornelius Sulla resigns the dictatorship.
79 BC - (Italian War) The fanatical rebel city of Volaterrae is finally captured after it is starved to death.
78 BC - The consuls are M. Aemilius Lepidus and Q. Lutatius Catulus.
78 BC - Death of L. Cornelius Sulla, in a villa outside the city of Puteoli.
78 BC - The ex-consul P. Servilius Vatia begins a widespread attack on land and sea against the pirates in Lycia.
78 BC - Julius Caesar joins P. Servilius Vatia in his campaigns against the pirates, raising a fleet for him.
77 BC - The consuls are Mam. Aemilius Lepidus Livianus and D. Junius Brutus.
77 BC - The revolt of the anti-Sullan consul M. Aemilius Lepidus. He is eventually brought to battle by the other consul, Q. Lutatius Catulus, and is routed in a battle near the Quirinal hill at Rome.
77 BC - Julius Caesar conducts his first trial. He prosecutes the governor of Macedonia, Gn. Cornelius Dolabella Minor. He is unsuccessful, but his advocacy is brilliant.
77 BC - (Sertorian War) The remnants of the defeated army of the rebel Lepidus join the forces of Q. Sertorius in Spain.
77 BC - (Sertorian War) Reinforcements for the governor of Spain, Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius, are sent under an equal ranking commander, Gn. Pompeius (later Magnus).
76 BC - The consuls are Gn. Octavius and G. Scribonius Curio.
76 BC - (Sertorian War) Metellus Pius inflicts a minor defeat on the Sertorian lieutenant L. Hirtuleius.
76 BC - P. Servilius Vatia ejects the pirates from Pamphylia, destroying the stronghold of a pirate admiral known as Zenecities.
76 BC - The tribunes of the plebs begin to actively agitate for the full restoration of the powers of the tribunes of the plebs.
75 BC - The consuls are G. Aurelius Cotta and L. Octavius.
75 BC - (Sertorian War) The Roman general Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius annihilates the army of the Sertorian lieutenant Lucius Hirtuleius at the Battle of Segovia.
75/74 BC - The kingdom of Bithynia is bequeathed to Rome in the will of King Nicomedes III. Rome accepts this, and immediately encounters threats and opposition from Mithridates of Pontus, who claims that the kingdom belongs to the daughter of Nicomedes, Nysa, who is a hostage of Mithridates.
75 BC - (Sertorian War) The Roman general Gn. Pompeius Magnus is defeated in a battle with Q. Sertorius near the River Sucro and later enters an indecisive battle near the town of Saguntum.
75 BC - Travelling to Rhodes to study rhetoric, G. Julius Caesar is captured by pirates. During his stay, he often jokes about coming back to crucify them when he is released. When he is released, he hires a fleet from Rhodes and captures the pirates and orders them crucified.
75 BC - P. Servilius Vatia campaigns inland to stretch the borders of Cilicia in order to move against the remainder of the pirate castles. He is ready to move in the next year, when he is recalled to Rome following the outbreak of the Second Mithridatic War. When he returns to Rome, he is given a new nickname and is known as P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus for his victories over the tribe known as the Isauri.
75 BC - After L. Cornelius Sulla made the tribunes of the plebs impotent, he also made it so that an ex-tribune could not hold higher magistracies. The consul G. Aurelius Cotta repealed this measure in this year.
74 BC - The consuls are M. Aurelius Cotta and L. Licinius Lucullus.
74-71 BC - Start of the Third Mithridatic War under L. Licinius Lucullus.
74 BC - (Third Mithridatic War) The senator (later dictator) G. Julius Caesar leaves Rhodes, where he is studying rhetoric, after hearing about an undetected Pontic army under King Mithridates in the Roman Asia province. After arriving there, he raises a private army from the militia of Asia province and defeats the Pontic army near the town of Tralles.
74 BC - (Sertorian War) The minor successes of Sertorius force Metellus Pius and Pompeius Magnus to abandon the stronghold of Pallantia.
74 BC - (Third Mithridatic War) The Roman consular M. Aurelius Cotta is defeated in a battle near the town of Chalcedon.
74 BC - Creation of the new Roman province of Bithynia, later renamed Bithynia-Pontus.
74 BC - The ex-praetor M. Antonius is given a command against the pirates with unlimited aquatic imperium.
74/73 BC - M. Antonius makes slight inroads into the pirate menace in the western seas, thereby helping Pompeius Magnus against Q. Sertorius.
73 BC - The consuls are G. Cassius Longinus and M. Terentius Varro Lucullus.
73 BC - The slave revolt under Sparticus, who raises a revolt amongst his fellow gladiators and breaks out of the Gladiator school. Other slaves from the surrounding countryside quickly flock to join his army.
73 BC - Julius Caesar is elected as a military tribune and is posted under the staff of M. Licinius Crassus.
73 BC - (Third Mithridatic War) A hastily brought together fleet under L. Licinius Lucullus defeats a Pontic squadron off Lemnos under an admiral named Archelaeus.
73 BC - The future conspirator L. Sergius Catalina is acquitted after being charged with seducing a Vestal Virgin.
72 BC - The consuls are Gn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus and L. Gellius Publicola.
72 BC - (Sertorian War) End of the Sertorian War. Q. Sertorius is killed in Spain, murdered by his legate M. Perperna Viento. After this, Perperna is lead into a trap and he is captured while his entire army is killed. He is later executed by Pompeius.
72 BC - (Third Mithridatic War) L. Licinius Lucullus is unsuccessful in his siege of Amisus.
72 BC - L. Licinius Lucullus engages in a battle with an invading force of Thracian tribes, and defeats them.
72 BC - M. Antonius transfers his fleets to the Aegean region, where he firstly suffers a naval defeat off the island of Crete, and then is defeated again in a land battle on Crete. The pirates force him to sign a treaty with them. Realizing the ridicule he will suffer because of this, he commits suicide. He is given the nickname of Creticus, but it is not certain whether this celebrates a victory at Crete, or it means man of chalk.
71 BC - The consuls are P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura and Gn. Aufidius Orestes.
71 BC - (Spartican War) End of the revolt of Sparticus, when his army is defeated in Lucania by M. Licinius Crassus. The 6,000 survivors are crucified down the length of the Via Appia.
71 BC - (Third Mithridatic War) Capture of the town of Heraclea by M. Aurelius Cotta.
70 BC - The consuls are M. Licinius Crassus (first time) and Gn. Pompeius Magnus (first time).
70 BC - The censors are Gn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus and L. Gellius Publicola.
70 BC - (Third Mithridatic War) The defeat of Mithridates forces near the fortress of Cabira (73) destoryed any real resistance. By this point the Romans have completed the reduction of all the fortified towns of Pontus.
70 BC - Joint consulship of Gn. Pompeius Magnus and M. Licinius Crassus. During this consulship, the constitution of L. Cornelius Sulla is weakened, and the tribunes of the plebs are given back the right to veto.
70 BC - A praetor, G. Aurelius Cotta, passes a lex Aurelia, which makes the first theoretically impartial juries, composed of men from the senate, first class of the Ordo Equester and those who qualify under the census as tribuni aerarii.
70 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero prosecutes the governor G. Verres on behalf of his Sicilian clients, for extortion and governmental incompetence from his governorship of the island province of Sicily. Verres is found guilty by a jury and is sent into exile. He publishes the trial, called In Verrum.
70 BC - The kingdom of Pontus is annexed and created into a new province by L. Licinius Lucullus.
70 BC - Birth of the great Roman poet Virgil, near Mantua, in Cisalpine G